巧用推測(cè)手段解完形填空題

1、巧用推測(cè)手段解完形填空題完形填空是高考英語試卷中客觀試題的主要組成部分，也是考生感到困難、得分率較低的一種綜合性題型。做完型填空時(shí)， 考生應(yīng)該充分地利用上下文，注意行文邏輯，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體性閱讀。它要求考生不但要有比較扎實(shí)的語言知識(shí)，較大的詞匯量，而且要具有一定的語篇分析能力及邏輯思維能力。要做好這種題型,考生除了必備的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能之外，還應(yīng)了解其命題特點(diǎn)，掌握一定的解題技巧。、利用上下文語境來推測(cè) Judge by con text)在完形填空中，有些空格設(shè)計(jì)要求考生根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容選擇。一般情況下,此類試題特征是上下文有呼應(yīng)，考生必須從上下文的提示中尋找答案。也就是說,上文空格中需要填空

2、的詞，下文會(huì)直接或通過暗示出現(xiàn)。反之，下文的空格所要填的詞，在上文已直接或通過暗示出現(xiàn)。更要注意的是，有些在文章開頭挖的空,可能要到文章結(jié)束才能獲得信息提示， 也有的在文章末尾挖的空，可能在文章開頭就已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明了。因此，快速瀏覽全文，領(lǐng)悟文章主旨，通過上下文的語境來選擇答案是解決這類題的關(guān)鍵。考生在做題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意上下文呼應(yīng)，前后聯(lián)系，善 于抓住文章的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，也即做到 瞻前顧后”往往會(huì)有茅塞頓開的喜悅!例 1: One time he said，“ Do, a deaf-and-dumb （聾?。﹏eeded some nailsHaving en tered a house, he put

3、two fin gers together on the coun ter and made 47moveme nts with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer.47、Acutting B hammering C waving D circling分析：第47題應(yīng)選B。因?yàn)槠浜笠痪渲v到店員給他拿了一把錘子”由此可以推斷出這個(gè)聾啞人前面做出的應(yīng)該是錘打”這一動(dòng)作，故選B。例 2： Ed first phoned and suggested we playSo whfefoEdur game notonly with the botto

4、m of his shirt gathered in side his trousers but also with a stomachyou could hardly 46 ， I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into sha pe45、A set outB got ready C arrived D returned46、A noticeB admire C believe D measure分析：本題既要求 瞻前”又要 顧后”第45空從句

5、型，固定搭配上看四個(gè) 答案均可，但文章前面提到 “ Ed first phoned and suggested we pla可知Ec”是預(yù)約我”去打羽毛球。故第45空應(yīng)為C： arrived（趕到），再看第46空，許多考生只看了 “His big stomach has always ballooned out between his Tshirt and trousers 而 ” 錯(cuò)選了 C或D。其實(shí)只要再往后看，即 顧后” “ Iwas so surprised that I wassp eechless. My cous in must have made an effort to gt

6、ehimself into sha pe貝 U不難看出作者是說Ed肚子前后變化形成鮮明對(duì)比，故而引起驚奇，所以第46題正確答案為A。“Funny” if w49needed a例 3： I would go to the pile of letters marked with or 49、 A cry B laugh C chat D sigh 分析：根據(jù)前文的“Funny可知正確答案為B.例4:Dear Laura,I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and un selfish love in your p rogram.Yo

7、u doubted that such unselfish love would happen in todayWell,I s worWhere to give you _36 .I could 41 wait for him to open up his gift. I n fact, I barely sle pt the ni ght before.36、 A hope B advice C support D courage 41、 A perhaps B really C almost D hardly分析：由該段中的上一句話 “You doubted that such unse

8、lfish love would happenin today ' s wc可知口”Hilary對(duì)生活中是否有真愛存在質(zhì)疑，缺乏信心，故作者為“He came into了增加當(dāng)事人對(duì)生活的 信心，希望和熱愛”所以正確答案為A。例 5: Finally he got up and went into the 46 The owner continued, the kitche n and showed me a p hoto of the wan ted man 46、A restaura ntB washroom C office D kitche n分析：由文章末尾的 The own

9、er continued, “Hecame into the kitchen and showed me a photo of thewanted man 可知偵探是走進(jìn)了廚房 “ kitchen,所以正確答案為D。二、利用文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)來推測(cè)Judge by cultural backgrou nd and com mon sense of life)完形填空的知識(shí)包容量大，涉及范圍廣。從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、科技到天文、歷史、地理知識(shí)；從風(fēng)俗人情到民族習(xí)慣等，可謂包羅萬象。其中有些命題角度正落腳在生活常識(shí)背景知識(shí)方面。通常該類題以學(xué)生熟悉的生活常識(shí)為主,還要求考生不僅要熟練掌握語言知識(shí)

10、和運(yùn)用能力，還要求考生具有比較豐富的閱歷,背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)的積累和個(gè)人體驗(yàn)。一般來說，個(gè)人閱歷越多，背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)積累越多，選擇此類題型的難度越小。例 1: It was an early morning in summer .In the streets ，sleepy-eyed peoplewere moving quickly， heading towards their 41.41 r A jobs B homes C buses D offices分析：人們正在上班的路上，但上班的人并非都坐在辦公室，故選例 2： Every morning she would give him

11、 breakfast in bed and bring him thepapers to _30.30 rA check B read C kee pD sig n分析：溺愛兒子的老母讓兒子過著衣來伸手飯來張口的生活,自然連報(bào)紙也是送到他身邊讓兒子看，故選 B read.例 3： What is in tellige nce（智力）any way？ Whe n I was in the army I received anintelligenee test that all soldiers took, and against_37 of 100 scored 160.37r A an ave

12、rage B a total C an exam D a number分析：該題若考生能充分調(diào)動(dòng)自己關(guān)于智商的基本常識(shí)，就能輕而易舉地選出答案A。我”在智商測(cè)試中得了 160分，按常識(shí)，高于120為高智商者，低于80分者為低智商者，故100分為平均水平 所以第37空應(yīng)該選A “an average ”三、利用語篇標(biāo)志來推測(cè)(Judge by clue words)所謂 語篇標(biāo)志”，簡(jiǎn)而言之，就是指行文中用來表示邏輯關(guān)系(如so,thus,therefore,for;however,but,while;also,as well;besides,fourthermore,what ' s

13、morefu等)er 結(jié)構(gòu)層次(firstly sec on dly thirdly 等) 以及插入語等標(biāo)明句群，段落，篇章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞或詞組，抓住語篇標(biāo)志有利于理清文章的網(wǎng)絡(luò)及上下文的聯(lián)系。因此在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要善于總結(jié)積累，注意分類學(xué)習(xí)。例 1: “ If we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,” said John Harry, abiology stude nt Harry Field also studyi36 said they wan ted to make as muchno ise as po ssible to force

14、the gover nment officials to realize what everybody was hav ing to sta nd .36、 A wellB hard C biology D educati on分析：此題中關(guān)鍵詞是 “also,”說明Harry Field的情況同上文的Jean Laceya biology stude nt 中的情況一致，故應(yīng)選 Co例 2： Fin ally I turned the lock and pu shed the door open, with Dad stillcomplaining about a hurt ing knee

15、 or someth in g. I put my head in, expecting the worst.But to my 43, the room wasn' t empty!at all43、 A regret B disa ppoin tme nt C surp rise D kno wledge分析：由關(guān)鍵詞“ But說明后面所發(fā)生的情況出乎意料，故正確答案為surp riseo例 3: Whatever their bills came to, he 53 gave them back the few odd pence（零錢）,and I am sure they t

16、hought he was generous.53、 A n everB ever C seldom D always分析：由語篇標(biāo)志詞 “anc及語境 “ I am sure they thought he was genero可知 ”顧客們認(rèn)為店主特別的大方，所以總是把該找的零錢如數(shù)找回，故正確答案為Dalways。4： The p reside nt was_51 , because he could get rid of them now.51 、A boredB ast oni shedC in terestedD pl eased分析：由語篇標(biāo)志詞“ because”語境“ hec

17、ould get rid of them noW可知“p residen在打發(fā)走他不愿見的人之后的心情應(yīng)該是D pleased四、利用語法知識(shí)來推測(cè) Judge by grammar)近幾年來的完形填空在命題設(shè)計(jì)上出現(xiàn)了重大突破，一改過去對(duì)語法，句式關(guān)系及固定句型的考查，而側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和對(duì)具體語境的把握，尤其是對(duì)整體語義的理解能力，單純語法知識(shí)的考查日趨漸少,但也不是完全沒有。從語法角度命題主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面： 一是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，二是上下文邏輯關(guān)系。解題時(shí)要重視設(shè)置題目的長(zhǎng)難句句子的分析和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。例 1: She Picked up a wire basket and w

18、alked towards the back of the store 36 therice was kept.36、A which B that C there D where分析：此題是一純粹考查定語從句語法知識(shí)的空，其先行詞為“ store,”定語從句中缺狀語，所以正確答案為 D where。例 2： When Ed first phoned and_56we play, I laughed quietly 56、A declared B mentioned C persuaded D suggested分析：該空也是純粹考查語法知識(shí)，根據(jù)其賓語從句“ we play可知道其實(shí)是省略了

19、” should而來，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞只有D suggested有此用法，故正確答案為D。例 3: they sometimes evenhad their order already made up. Always 40 me to carry it out to their car.40、 A mak ingB lett ingC gett ingD kee ping分析：由后面的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語是帶“to可知正確答案為C getting。例 4： What kind of people put themselves in dan ger to 42 p ictures to our

20、 TVscree ns and stories to our n ews papers42、A bring B showC takeD make分析：該題是考查同一動(dòng)詞能與兩個(gè)賓語的搭配，根據(jù)句中的兩個(gè)賓語“Pictures和“storie可知唯有 A bring才是最佳選項(xiàng)。五、利用詞意的細(xì)微差別來推測(cè)Judge by telling the slight differe nee betwee n synonyms)動(dòng)詞、名詞是考查的重點(diǎn)，特別是對(duì)意義上較接近的詞應(yīng)仔細(xì)區(qū)別，并結(jié)合上下文提供的線索，精斟細(xì)酌、辨析意義，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。完形填空中的詞與詞的搭配和詞義的辨析，主要考查動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭

21、配，動(dòng)賓的搭配。這主要是考查特定的語境與情景的語意辨析。解答此題時(shí)，首先要通讀全文，掌握大意，在解答時(shí)，盡量使用語言知識(shí)和故事情節(jié)，語言環(huán)境。例 1: Whe n she fin ally graduated she had her eyes on a teach ing_5J at a n earbyp rimary school. With the help of her frie nds，she had an in terview with the head.51、 A profession B positionC careerD occupation分析：該題要求我們仔細(xì)區(qū)分四個(gè)同義詞

22、：A profession職業(yè)”；B position職“位，工作崗位”；C career謀生之道，職業(yè)”；D occupation行業(yè)，事業(yè)”，所以正確答案為B position。例 2： I went to the kitchen to 42 the coffee, tea, and moring goodies 42、A start B cook C set D serve分析：句 中所要填的動(dòng)詞連續(xù)帶了三個(gè)賓語“coffee,tea, and morning goodies，能接的只有動(dòng)詞A start和D serve，但根據(jù)上下文知道 我”不是去“serve ”而應(yīng)該是A “ sta

23、rO ”例 3: My first novel 45 while I was at college.45、 A came on B came in C came out D came back分析：A came on取得進(jìn)步，發(fā)展；到達(dá)” B came in開始流行，取得名次；上漲” C came out 出版發(fā)行；（真相）大白；出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)” D came back再度流行，回來”故正確答案為Co“yoonfeete you ' re not例 4： My patienee had 26 and I shouted at her, leav ing me eno ugh sp ace Park me ove! ”26、A run into B run about C run