定語從句講解教案資料

1、定語從句講解精品文檔一、定語從句概述定語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語等來擔任，也可以由一個句子來擔任。在句子中起定語作用的從句稱為定語從句。定語從句在句中的作用相當于形容詞，故又稱為形容詞性從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。二關(guān)系詞的用法。關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞指代先行詞，放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又充當定語從句中的某一種成分（主語、賓語、一狀語等）。引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有at, who, whom, whose, which;關(guān)系副詞有 when, where, why等。關(guān)系詞左句子中的指代作冗及

2、成分而下表功能用于限制性從句或41三限制性從句只用于限制性從句作用代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whomwhichthat定語whose (of whom)whose (of which)1 .關(guān)系代詞的用法 who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。who在定語從句中作主語、賓語;whom在定語從句中 作賓語。 在現(xiàn)代英語里，有時 who也可代替 whom在從句中作賓語。作 賓語的關(guān)系代詞 who, whom可以省略（介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞除外）。 She was the one who did most of the talking。大部分時間都是她在說話。（作主語）

3、The boy who Iknow studies best in his class.我認識的那個男孩在班上學習最好。（作賓I happened to meet the professor （who/whom） I got to know at a party.我碰巧遇見了那位在一次聚會上認識而教授。（彳乍賓語，whompf用who代替）whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提到 whom前面時，不能用who代替。Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park乍天 我碰見了幾個 朋友，我親口他們一起去了公園。

4、（句中的 whom不能用who代替）2 2） whose的用法whose可以指人也可以指物，在定語從句中作定語。|Is she a teacher whose hair is very short?是位頭發(fā)彳艮短的老師嗎？He is the man whose car was stolen last night.他就是昨晚被盜車輛的車主。I like the room whose window looks out to the se我喜歡那間窗戶面向大海的房間。which的用法which 一般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語。作賓語的關(guān)系代詞 which可以省略 （放在介詞后時除外）。The t

5、rain which has just left is for Shenzhen. 剛開走的火車 是駛往深圳的。（作主語） The story （which） he told was very popular. 他講的那個 故事很有名。（作賓語）1 1） that的用法that可以指人或物，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。作賓語或表語時可省略。作介詞賓語時，介詞不可以提到 that之前，若介詞提前，指物用 which,指人用 whom。E-mail English is a new kind of written English that/which is being used to save

6、time.電 子郵件英語是一種可以節(jié)約時間的新型書面英語。（作主語指物）Jack is no longer the person （ha/who/whom） I met five years ago.杰克不再是五年前我見到的杰克了。（作賓語，指人）Theres the book （that/which） you are looking for.這正是你在找的書。（作賓語，指物）2 .關(guān)系副詞的用法一關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當狀語，一般不可省略。(1) when的用法when指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常為time, day, morning,night, week ,year等表M時

7、間的名詞。I ll never forget the day when I won the prize.我永遠不會忘記我獲獎的那天。 Do you remember the year when she went abroad你記得她出國的那年嗎? I still remember the time when I travelled by planed仍然記得坐飛機旅行的那個時候。(2) where的用法指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常有village , room, building ,town, country等表地點的名詞。This is the mountain village

8、 where I stayed last ye凝就是我去年待過的山村。Keepthe books in a place where you can find them eas硬書放在你容易找薊的地方。Thebuilding where we are working was built five years ago8;們的辦公大樓是五年前修的。(3) why的用法why指原因或理由，在定語從句中作原因狀語，它的先行詞通常為reasonTell me the reason why she was late!告訴我她遲到的原因。I don t want to listen to any reason

9、 why you were absent!不想聽任何你缺席的理由。 三定語從句的注意事項。1 .用that不用which的情況that和which都可指物，在定語從句中又都可作主語或賓語。通常情況下，二者可互換使用，但有時that和which卻不宜互換。(1) 當先行 詞是不 定代詞 all, little, few, much, something anything everything, nothing, none somelWHe did everything that he could to help us他做了一切能做的事來幫助我們。In this factory I found l

10、ittle that was different from ours.在這家工廠，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很少和我們工廠 不同的地方。(2) .先行詞被 alll, every no, some any, little, much, the only the very the right, the last, jus神詞修飾時 All the things that we can do are to give you some Odvice的就是給你 提供一些建議！ This is the very book that I逾an是我想要的那本書。Music is the only thing that int

11、erestsm?隹一令我感興趣的東西。(3)先行詞前有席數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身就是席數(shù)詞或形容詞最高 級日T The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide. 我們現(xiàn)在要做的第 一件事就是找一個當?shù)氐南驅(qū)?。When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes into mind is the West Lake.人們談及杭州時，首先躍入腦海的就是西湖。(4)當先行詞既有人又有物時:He was watching the children and par

12、cels that filledwith the car.他望著滿車的孩子和包裹。She described in her composition the people and places that interested her mos在作文中描述了最讓她感興趣的一些人和地方。(5 )當主句 是以或which開頭的特殊疑問句時Who is the person that is standing at the gate?在門 口 的那個人是誰？Which of us that knows something about physicscannot join electric wires?我們中

13、間懂物理的有誰不會接電線？2 .用which不用that的情況(1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞且指事物時The house in which I used to live has become aclothes shop. 我過去住的房子現(xiàn)在變成了 一家服裝店。The pen with which youare writing is Jeff s.你正用來寫字的那支筆是杰夫的。 先行詞本身就是 that時Wnas that which flashed in the sky just now? 剛才天空中 一閃而過的是什么東西？I dod t like that which he did我不喜歡他做的那

14、件事。3 .用who不用that的情況(1沈行詞是指人的不定代詞時:先行詞如果是指人的不定代詞或指示代詞工如one,anyone, everyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none, those等不宜用 that。 Congratulations to ourwinners andthanks toeveryonewho entered the competition向我們的獲勝者祝賀，也感謝參與比賽的每個人。Those who havegood manners will be respected.有良好禮節(jié)的人會受到人們的尊重。2 2) 1先行詞指人并

15、含有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句中時h 、The professor iscomingsoon who will give us a talk on how to learn English. 給我們作 關(guān)于如何學英語講座的教授快要來了。The boy was crying hard who lost his waywhile looking for his mother.找媽媽時迷了路的那個小男孩正哭得厲害。3 .定語從句中的主謂一致|一般來講，定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致.定語從句前是“one of+而數(shù)名詞復權(quán)”，從句的謂語動向完復數(shù)例式 ；是“the o

16、nly one of+ 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是個不怕困難的人。Anyone who has questions to ak please come to my office this afternoon.有問題要問That is one of the most expensive dictionaitlest havecome out in recent yearsJJB 本詞典 是近幾年來所出版的最貴的詞典之一。He is the only one of those workers who o able to do this job是那些工人中唯一能做止匕 項工作的人。4 .定語從句中的時態(tài)：定語從句中的時態(tài)一般不受主句影響，主要根據(jù)具體的語境和The professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada乍天參觀我們學校的教授 來電加等大。 The professor who is visiting our school now is from Canada.現(xiàn)在正在參觀 我們學校的教