第四章形容詞和副詞

1、第四章 形容詞和副詞形容詞用來修飾、說明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。而副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子，有時也能修飾名詞，表示時間、地點、方式、程度等。 高考重點要求：1、形容詞、副詞比較級，最高級常用句型2、形容詞的倍數(shù)表達法和副詞的位置3、多個形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序4、分清常用同義、近義形容詞、副詞在表達中的語義差別第一節(jié) 知識點概述一、形容詞（一） 形容詞在句子中的作用1大部分形容詞能作定語、表語或賓語補足語, 如：a beautiful park 一座美麗的公園 The play Tea-house（茶館）is both moving and in

2、teresting. Who left the window open?2“定冠詞the + 形容詞”表示一類人或物，作“主語或賓語”，意思為“的一種人”，“的一類東西或事情”。如：The new will take the place of the old . （新事物將代替舊事物。）The young are fond of sports .(年輕人喜歡體育運動。)3有些形容詞只能作表語 如： ill, glad, asleep, afraid, alive (活著的)，alone(單獨的)某些動詞加-ed 和 ing都可構(gòu)成形容詞，加-ed的形容詞表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容詞則

3、用來描寫事物， 如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news.The frightening teacher is frightened at the tiger. the excited look on his face有些名詞加后綴可變成形容詞， 如：lovely, friendly, windy, careful, careless, wooden等（二） 形容詞在句子中的位置 1形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。兩個或兩個以上形容詞修飾一個名詞時，形容詞排列的次序一般應(yīng)考慮下面二種情況。 （1）與被修飾名詞關(guān)系比較密切的形容詞位置靠

4、近名詞， 如：an exciting American film（2）音節(jié)少的形容詞位置在前，音節(jié)多的形容位置在后。2在下列情況下，形容詞應(yīng)后置：（1）修飾復(fù)合不定代詞 something, anything, nothing等，如：anything important, nothing easy（2）同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old3幾個形容詞修飾一名詞時，一般順序為大?。╨ittle除外）、形狀、色彩、由來、用途。如：a fine round maple（楓木）writing table,a famous old English

5、country house二、副詞（一） 副詞在句子中的作用副詞在句子中主要用作狀語，許多副詞皆由形容詞加-ly 構(gòu)成，如：careful-carefully.副詞主要被分為以下幾種：1時間副詞，如：often，early，usually，now2地點副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there3方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well4程度副詞，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5疑問副詞，如：how，when，why（二） 副詞在句子中的位置1 時間副詞和地點副詞的位置表示確定時間的副詞和地點的副詞，一般放在句尾，

6、如句中同時有地點副詞和時間副詞，地點副詞通常在前，時間副詞在后。2 修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。副詞在此作狀語。 如： be well enough, go fast enough 3 修飾動詞的方式副詞有以下幾種（1） 修飾不及物動詞時，該副詞要后置，如：sing well（2） 修飾及物動詞時，可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語之后；如賓語較長也可放在動詞和賓語之間。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard （3） 及物動詞和副詞（如：down，on，off，in，out，u

7、p等）組成的動詞詞組，其賓語是名詞，該名詞可放在副詞之前或之后：如是代詞，該代詞一定要放在副詞前。He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down. 形容詞原級、比較級和最高級的用法：（） 兩者比較情況一樣，常用“as+形容詞原級+as”句型。He is as tall as his monitor .（） 兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容詞原級+as”句型。A train doesnt travel so fast as a plane .（） 三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物

8、“最”時，用“the+形容詞最高級+比較范圍”句型。Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents . She writes (the) most carefully of the three .（） 比較級+and+比較級“越來越”It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.（） the +比較級，the +比較級“越越” The harder he st

9、udies , the greater progress he will make .第二節(jié) 實戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時需注意的要點1. 形容詞一般按限定詞，一般性描繪、大小、長短和高低、形狀、年齡和新舊、顏色、國籍、地區(qū)和出處、物質(zhì)和材料、用途和類別這一順序來修飾名詞的。2. 在名詞前出現(xiàn)幾個形容詞作定語時，常常涉及詞的排列順序問題。例如：a fat old lady不能說成an old fat lady，a small black leather handbag不能說成a leather black small handbag等。3. 形容詞的詞序問題比較復(fù)雜，前置形容詞的排列順序由它們和被修飾名

10、詞之間的關(guān)系決定，關(guān)系密切的靠近被修飾詞，關(guān)系較遠的離之稍遠。4. 在as+形容詞副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu)前可加上nearly , almost , just , quietly , half , exactly , 及倍數(shù)表示比較的程度。例如：My income is half as high as my father .5. 最高級前可用nearly , almost , about , next , by far , by no means 或序數(shù)詞進行修飾。例如：Of the three boys , Mike is by no means the most diligent. 6. 比較級的

11、其他用法 1）比較級 + and + 比較級 “越來越”。例如： It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn. 2）the morethe more “越，越”。例如： The more fruit you eat, the healthier you will be. 3）no more than “只不過，僅僅”，后面接名詞或數(shù)詞，起形容詞作用。 例如： What he is saying is no more than a joke. 他所講的只不過是個玩笑而已。 4）no morethan “和同樣不”。例如： He can no more pl

12、ay the piano than I can play basketball. 他不會彈鋼琴和我同樣不 會打籃球一樣 5）no less than “多達，竟有之多，不下于”。例如： There were no less than two thousand people at the match. 這場比賽不下于兩千人到場觀看。 6）no lessthan “和一樣，不遜于”。例如： Our monitor is no less diligent than he used to be. 我們的班長和以前一樣勤奮。二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、At a rough estimate, Nigeri

13、a is _ Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of答案為D?！窘馕觥?檢查考生對反意疑問句（附加疑問句）的掌握和運用能力。A是B的三倍通常可使用以下幾種形式：1) A is three times as adj.（原級） as B2) A is twice adj.（比較級）than B3) The n. of A is three times that of B4) A is thr

14、ee times the +n. of B。例2、Many students signed up for the_ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A.800- metre-long B.800 metres long C.800 metre length D.800 metres length答案為A。【解析】 長、寬、高及年齡等作定語修飾名詞時位置可在前也可在后，在前邊時要注意加連字符“-”，其中單位名詞用單數(shù)，其形式為：數(shù)字單位名稱單數(shù)長、寬、高等。如放在后邊，不用連字符，數(shù)詞大于1要用復(fù)數(shù)。從題干看：800米遠的比賽應(yīng)為8

15、00 meter long。例3、At times, worrying is a normal _ response to a difficult event or situation-a loved one being injured in an accident, for example. A. effective B. individualC. inevitable D. unfavorable答案：C【解析】 effective有效的；individual個人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。例4、Youre standing too near the

16、camera. Can you move _?A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far答案為B?！窘馕觥?too near的意思是“太近了”，說話人的意圖是讓對方站在比這遠一點，所以要用副詞的比較級。這句話的意思是：你站得太靠近鏡頭了。你能離遠一點嗎?a bit of后接名詞。例5、In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. A. our holid

17、ay will be better B. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be答案為C。 【解析】 “the morethe more”的意思是“越越”。由于選項A、B和D的詞序都不對，所以不能作為答案。這句話的意思是：近年來，旅游公司成功地向我們推銷了這樣一個觀點：我們走得越遠，我們的假期過得越好。例6、It is generally believed that teaching is_ it is a science.A. an ar

18、t much as B. much an art asC. as an art much as D. as much an art as答案為D?！窘馕觥?在as/soas結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個as/so是副詞，后接形容詞；第二個as是連接詞，后接句子。其正確語序為as much an art as. 這句話的意思是：人們普遍相信，教學(xué)像科學(xué)一樣是一門藝術(shù)。例7、Americans eat _vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twice B. as twice as manyC. twice as many as

19、D. more than twice as many答案為D?！窘馕觥?不論哪種形式的比較級其修飾詞均應(yīng)放在前面。more than twice表示數(shù)量，放在asas結(jié)構(gòu)前的意思是“是的兩倍多”。譯文：美國人現(xiàn)在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的兩倍多。例8、I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.You can never be _ careful in the street.A. much B. very C. so D. too答案為D?！窘馕觥?否定詞not/no/

20、 never + too/enough結(jié)構(gòu)表示“再怎么也不過分”或“越越好”。這句話的意思是：在街上(騎自行車)你越小心越好。例9、Broadly speaking , I would agree with Shirley , though not _A. widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively答案為C 【解析】 本題考察副詞辨義，widely :廣泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly徹底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、廣闊地、巨大地。根據(jù)句意，說話人并非完全同意她的意見，not entirely（不完全地）恰

21、如其分地表達了這一意思。例10、You dont look very _. Are you ill?No, Im just a bit tired.A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy答案為B?！窘馕觥?從題意看，look在這里是系詞(看上去，看起來)后應(yīng)加形容詞，四個選項的詞性均符合，但good是指人品好壞或東西好壞；strong則表示結(jié)實、強壯，與題意不符。healthy“健康的，健壯的”。well可作形容詞和副詞。作形容詞時表示“健康的；氣色好”，用于修飾人。 第三節(jié) 鞏固練習(xí)Direction: Beneath each of the followi

22、ng sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and_ people.A. less less B. fewer.fewer C. less.fewer D. fewer.less2. Can I help you?Well, Im afraid the box is

23、_ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.A. so B. much C. very D. too3. Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office?Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago.A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer4. The piano in the other shop will be _, but _.A. cheaper.not as better

24、B. more cheap.not as betterC. cheaper.not as good D. more cheap.not as good5. _ I went to the railway station to see my friend off.A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner6. Mrs. smith warned her daughter _

25、 after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive7. How did you think of visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting8. Those oranges taste _.A.

26、 good B. well C. to be good D. to be well9. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia.A. any B. any other C. other D. another10. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much11. Which is _ country, Canada or Australia?A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the

27、 larger12. Will you give this message to Mr White, please?Sorry, I cant. He _.A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here workC. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer13. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _.A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. openin

28、g14. My elder brother is _ a singer _ I am.A. no otherthan B. no morethan C. not otherthan D. not morethan15. Sunlight is _ necessary _ fresh air to a healthy body.A. not lessthan B. no lessthan C. no morethan D. not morethan16. She doesnt speak _ her friend, but her written work is excellent.A. as

29、well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as17. It takes a long time to go there by train, its _ by road.A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker18. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school.Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two.A. so well B. so good C. we

30、ll enough D. good enough19. If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one.OK, but do you have _size in blue ? This ones a bit tight for me .A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger20. John plays football _, if not better than David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 21. If the

31、re were no examinations , we should have _ at school . A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time22. We all write _, even when theres not much to say.A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less23. Do you remember _ he came? Yes I do, he c

32、ame by car.A. how B. when C. then D. if24. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people?A. such.such B. such.so C. so.so D. so.such25. How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside.A. few fast sunny B. l

33、ast few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last26. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever27. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _.A the better voice B. a good voiceC. the best voice D. a better voice28. We decid

34、ed not to climb the mountains because it was raining _.A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily29. Wait till you are more _. Its better to be sure than sorry.A. inspired B. satisfied C. clam D. certain30. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting stories.A. a long enough ho

35、liday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough31. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is_ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most32. _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A. Brave enough

36、 students B. Enough brave studentsC. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave33. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language.A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially34. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ fo

37、r the poor.A. more B. much C. many D. most35. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) _ trick.A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple36. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed37. It wasnt _his appearance I liked _his personality.A. so much as B. no lessthan C. so much as D. no more than 38. Its believed that _ you work, _ result youll get.A. the harder.the better B. the more hard.the more betterC. the harder.a better D. more hard.more better39. Of the two shirts, Id like to choose _ one.A. the les