高考英語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補的區(qū)別

1、高考英語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補的區(qū)別當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關系時，用不定式(未來或全過程)或現(xiàn)在分詞(正在進行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是被動關系時，用過去分詞?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)不同動詞的不同用法分述如下，請在下列各例句中仔細體會不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作補足語的區(qū)別。通常用帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞這類動詞很多，常見的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, f

2、orbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示勸請、要求類動詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補。如：1. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to takeD. me to take 【分析】答案選D。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事。2. The teache

3、r asked us _ so much noise. (北京卷)A. dont makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make【分析】答案選D。即ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事。3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (全國卷)A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not do【分析】答案選A。tell sb. (not) to do sth. ,排除C和D；當不

4、定式的動詞是前面己出現(xiàn)過的相同的動詞時，為避免重復，通常省略to后的內容，只保留to。4. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. (全國卷)A. to eat notB. eating not C. not to eatD. not eating【分析】答案選C。本句是warn sb. not to do sth. (警告某人不做某事)的被動式。注：在help后作賓補的不定式帶不帶to均可；在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb. to do sth. want, wis

5、h等后接to be done作賓補時，to be可省略，直接過去分詞作賓補。如：When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么時候完成？在使役動詞后作賓補的不定式不帶to在使役動詞make, let, have后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補，但在其被動式后作主語補足語時，要加上to。如：1. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD.

6、to cry, cry【分析】答案選A。在make sb. 后作賓補的不定式不帶to，但在被動式中加to。2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (全國卷)A. learnB. to learn C. learnedD. learning【分析】答案選B。be made后作主補的不定式要加to。在感官動詞后作賓補的非謂語動詞形式感官動詞feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice等后面的賓語與作賓補的非謂語動詞在邏輯上是主動關系時，用不帶to的(在被動式后作主補時要加

7、to)不定式(全過程)或者現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(正在發(fā)生)，是被動關系是時，用過去分詞作賓補。如：1. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. (全國卷)A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow【分析】答案選A。作賓補不能用謂語動詞，排除B和C；感觀動詞see后要用不帶to的不定式作賓補，表示整個過程，排除D。2. The missing boy were last seen _ near the river. (全國卷)A. playingB. to be playing C

8、. playD. to play【分析】答案選A。指片斷，看到時，他正在河邊玩，而不是玩的整個過程。句意為：人們最后一次看到那個失蹤的男孩的時候，他在河邊玩。3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (全國卷)A. carried outB. carrying out C. carry outD. to carry out【分析】答案選A。句中that引導一個定語從句，它代表the plan并在從句中作see的賓語，賓語that(the plan)與賓補carry out是被動

9、關系，因此，用過去分詞作賓補，即see the plan carried out the next year. 在介詞with后作賓補的非謂語動詞形式在with的賓語后，若用過去分詞，表示賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上是被動關系，且意味著該動作已經(jīng)完成或；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動關系，且表示動作的持續(xù)進行；若用帶to的不定式，則表示將來的動作，賓語與不定式在邏輯上可以是主動關系也可以是被動關系，注意此時的不定式不是作賓補而是作賓語的定語了。如：1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. (全國

10、卷)A. being tiedB. having tied C. to be tiedD. tied【分析】答案選D。his hand與tie是被動關系，且?guī)нM時應己捆綁好了，表示“被動、完成”用過去分詞作賓補。2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海春)A. settledB. settingC. to settleD. being settled【分析】答案選C。由語境可知，問題還沒有解決，用不定式指將來的動作。3. Peter soon fel

11、l asleep with the light still burning. 彼得很快睡著了，燈仍然亮著。(burning表示持續(xù)進行)其賓語后可用分詞或不定式的4個動詞在leave, want, get, have等動詞的賓語后面可接現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或動詞不定式。現(xiàn)分述如下：leavedoing讓一直(主動、持續(xù)進行)；leaveto do讓去做(主動、將來)；leavedone(被動)。如： Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷)A. runB. running C. being runD. to run【分析】答

12、案選B。the water與run是主動關系，又表示持續(xù)進行，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。另外，請比較：leave the door firmly fastened讓門緊閉著; leave her to do as she likes讓她去做她喜歡做的事。want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被動)。如：I dont want you arriving late. 我希望你不要遲到。(主動、否定句)I want the letter (to be) opened now.

13、 我現(xiàn)在就想把這封信拆開。(被動)get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主動、將來); getdoing使處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動、持續(xù)); getdone=have sth. done請人做 / 遭受(被動)。如：Ill try to get her _ the doctor. (上海卷)A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing【分析】答案選C。get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。請比較：get the children talking讓孩子說起話來；get the computer repaired將電腦送去修理；get his

14、wrist broken折斷了手腕。have sth. done=get sth. done請人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人 / 某物一直做某事或者處于某種狀態(tài)；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(見使役動詞)；have sth. to do有事要做(見非謂語動詞作定語部分)。如：1. She had her audience listening attentively. 他使觀眾聽得入神。2. He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _.

15、(上海卷)A. to repairB. repaired C. repairingD. repair【分析】答案選B。his watch與repair是被動關系，用過去分詞作賓補?？捎梅衷~但不用to do作補語的5個動詞keep, find等后可用現(xiàn)在分詞(主動)或過去分詞(被動)作補語，一般不用to do。在catch(撞見), smell(聞到), start(使)等后通常只接現(xiàn)在分詞作補語，不用不定式或過去分詞。如：1. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (全國卷)A. to burnB. burntC. burnin

16、gD. burned【分析】答案選C。keepdoing讓一直保持某種狀態(tài)：讓那盆火整夜燃著。 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (全國卷)A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked【分析】答案選B。find后一般不能用to do作補語。he與smoke是主動的，用ing形式作主語補語。3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)A.

17、 putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting【分析】答案選D。后通常只接現(xiàn)在分詞作補語，catch sb. doing sth. 撞見某人在做某事。4. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. (全國卷)A. to have stolenB. to be stealing C. to stealD. stealing【分析】答案選D。caught stealing=who was caught stealing，本句相當于：The salesman caught the girl stea

18、ling. He scolded her and then let her off. 可用to be或to have done作補語的9個動詞在表示“認為”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等動詞后，可跟to be作補語(認為是)，一般不跟to do；但在think, consider, believe等之后可跟to have done作補語(認為做了)。如：Charles Babage is generally considered _ the first computer.

19、(全國卷)A. to have inventedB. inventing C. to inventD. having invented【分析】答案選A。本題是consider sb. to have done的被動式。make oneself 后常用understood等過去分詞作賓補make oneself understood / heard / seen / known讓別人明白自己的意思 / 讓自己講的話被別人聽到 / 讓自己被別人看到 / 讓自己被別人認識。如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself

20、 _. (全國卷)A. hearB. to hear C. hearingD. heard【分析】答案選D。make himself heard讓他講的話被別人聽到。2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (廣西卷)A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard【分析】答案選D。使自己講的話被別有聽到，用make oneself heard，排除A和B；作目的狀語用不定式，排除C。 在be said / reported等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面，以及要求接不定式。1. He was reported to have broken the world record. 據(jù)報