語法復(fù)習(xí)九動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)九：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析動(dòng)詞是是各類考試的重點(diǎn)，高考試題中，單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空和改錯(cuò)等三項(xiàng)題型中，動(dòng)詞辨義的比重較大，并逐年增加。動(dòng)詞辨義主要指：1、形狀相同的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如： lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat 等。 2、意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。 3、動(dòng)詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。 4、意義不同，但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨義。如：explain,say

2、; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5、某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find,get, keep, want, see, hear等。 6、某些常用動(dòng)詞短語的辨義。如： give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up 等。（一）易混動(dòng)詞1、 lay（放） , lie （躺）與lie（說謊）：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見下表：中文原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺lielaylainlying

3、不及物動(dòng)詞說謊lieliedliedlying不及物動(dòng)詞2、rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而 raise 是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。3、hear 與 listen to ：hear 側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to 是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear 用于無意中的聽見，而 listen to 卻用于集中注意力的聽。4、 see, watch 和 look ： see 用作看電影，劇目；watch 則用作看電視比賽，而watch 還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch? ；lo

4、ok 一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞， 如：The little boy looked me in the face. （小男孩直盯著我的臉。 ）5、 wind 和 wound ： wind 意為蜿蜒而行，其過去式與過去分詞都是wound ，而動(dòng)詞原形wound 意為傷害，其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。6、 hang 的用法： hang 有兩個(gè)意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung ；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。7、 hear 的過去分詞born 與 borne： bear 作為出生講有兩個(gè)過去分詞born， bo

5、rne。只有當(dāng)be+born 短語后沒有 by 介詞短語時(shí)，才可用born。如 :He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用時(shí)要用borne。如： She has borne fivechildren. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用borne。8、sit 與 seat： seat 為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作容納講，sit 只是表示一動(dòng)作。seat 如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用 seat oneself, 比如 :I seated myself in the armchair.9、borrow, lend 與

6、keep：借入英文中用borrow ，借出用 lend，但這兩個(gè)詞都是截止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于長時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep。10、win 與 beat： win 作勝、贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won him.即我已說服他了，我贏得他的好感。而beat 是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗、勝過講，直接接人、隊(duì)。11、steal 與 rob：steal 為偷。 rob 為搶，其用法不同。steal 其后接物 +from+ 某

7、人、某地，而rob 其后接人 +of+搶的物品。12、 fit 與 suit ： fit 與 suit 均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit 用于尺寸大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。13、take, bring 與 fetch：英文中拿三個(gè)詞，即拿來， 拿去，去取然后回來(即雙程 )。所以拿來， 帶來是 bring ，拿去帶走是take，而去取回來是fetch。14、 shut 與 close：shut 與 close 有時(shí)是可以互換的，但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場合多用close，而在命令，態(tài)度粗暴的場合則用 shut。如 :Shut your mouth!

8、( 閉嘴 )；又如 :Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場合，則要用 close。15、 answer 與 reply ：作為回答講answer 是及物動(dòng)詞，如作不及物動(dòng)詞，則意義不同，如answer for，意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply 作回答講是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語時(shí)，要加上to。5516、reach，arrive 與 get to：reach 當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時(shí)講，則是不及物動(dòng)詞。作到達(dá)講時(shí)還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in) 。17、 cost， spend 與 take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞 cost, spend, ta

9、ke，但各有不同用法。 cost 作 “花費(fèi) ”講，主語不能是人，而 spend 的主語不能是物。如 : she spent all his money on stamps. 而 take 作花費(fèi)講時(shí)，可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式主語it ，如 It takes me three hours to finish this work.18、lost, gone 與 missing ：作補(bǔ)足語時(shí)意為丟失、 不見了， 可以用 lost, gone，但要用 miss 時(shí)則不能用 missed, 而要用 missing.19、 have on, wear, put on 及 dress：作穿

10、衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作兩種。have on 與 wear 作穿著狀態(tài)講 ;但 have on 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而wear 則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on 是動(dòng)作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動(dòng)作，但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit 作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、 begin 與 startbegin 與 Start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，但在下面的場合多要用Sta

11、rt： 1)機(jī)器的開動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；2)旅途的開始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street 。21、 allow與 permitallow 與 permit 其后直接接動(dòng)作時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞， 如接人后再接動(dòng)詞則要用不定式， 所以用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)一定要用不定式。如： People are not allowed to spit.22、 find 與 foundfind 找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found ，而 found 是動(dòng)詞 “建立” 的原形， 其過去式和過去分詞是founded，foun

12、ded，如： The People s Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、 speak, say, talk 與 tell英文中講有4 個(gè)詞， speak, say, talk, tell ，但其中speak, talk 多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，但speak 后加語言名詞時(shí)則用作及物動(dòng)詞， 如：Please speak English。而 say 與 tell 是及物動(dòng)詞， 其中 tell 常用作接雙賓語， 如：Tell me a story 。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實(shí)話，講謊言，表示時(shí)間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞，如：My watch wa

13、sbroken. It couldn t tell time correctly。在書信、便條、海報(bào)上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said。 在作辨別不同講時(shí)是tell ，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two ？而講別人好壞話時(shí)用speak，如：The father always speaks well ofhis son.。24、 excuse me 與 sorryexcuse me 用于來打攏對(duì)方前以提醒對(duì)方注意的提示語，而sorry 則表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?5、 care for 與 care to docare for 其后要接不

14、定式時(shí)則要省去for 或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea ？但 care for 作照顧講時(shí)與 look after 相同。26、與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有： advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);27、意義相近的動(dòng)詞：ring 搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strik

15、e 專指敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測性的建議， advice 表示對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足人的一種忠告；look 由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay 停留，逗留， remain 遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember 記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事， remind 提醒某人做某事。28、動(dòng)詞+ 副詞+ 介詞：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with

16、, go in for, look down on, geton with29、動(dòng)詞+ 介詞 to 的詞組有： come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, replyto30、與 in 相結(jié)合的動(dòng)詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, tradein56（二）動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、 副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。 有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語的測試點(diǎn)

17、主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。(I) 動(dòng)詞 +副詞 (不及物 )Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚會(huì)后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。(2)動(dòng)詞 +副詞 ( 及物 )Please turn every light in the house off.請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。注意：如果賓語較長， 就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left

18、 on.她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它們。(3)動(dòng)詞 +介詞 (及物 )I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼鏡。注意： 當(dāng)它跟賓語時(shí)， 不能把介詞放在賓語后面。動(dòng)詞短語可以放在句子或從句末尾。如：She's got morework than she can cope with.她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。(4)動(dòng)詞 +副詞 +介詞I look forward to seeing you soon.我盼望不久就見到你。注：“動(dòng)詞 +介詞”、“動(dòng)詞 +名詞 +

19、副詞”、“動(dòng)詞 +副詞 +介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。 In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. ( 不能漏掉 after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。2、熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。(1) 同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如： hear from 收到 的來信， hear of 聽說。 look after 照料， look at 看， look for 尋找。(2) 同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：

20、ring back 回電話 , ring off 掛斷電話 , ring up 打電話put away 放好 , put on 穿，上演 , put up 掛起，舉起。(3) 不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：look for 尋找 , call for 去取 (某物 )，去接 (某人 ), ask for請(qǐng)求 , wait for 等候 , send for 派人去叫。(4) 不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：break out 發(fā)生，爆炸 , carry out 進(jìn)行，開展 , go out熄滅 , hand out 分發(fā) , let out 放出 , look o

21、ut 當(dāng)心 , sell out 賣完 , set out 出發(fā) , take out 取出 , work out 算出。break down 出毛病 , come down 落下來 , get down 下車 , take down 取下 , write down 寫下。練習(xí)、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析1.I can hardly _ the difference between the two words.A. pointB.speakC.sayD.tell2.I _ you will write me back soon.A. wishB.hopeC.wantD.need3.I asked him t

22、o _ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.A. spendB. spareC.saveD. share4. Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.A. haveB.letC. agreeD. allow5.I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy.A. rideB. driveC. operateD.run6.I can _ you to the railway station in my

23、 car.A. sendB.pickC.rideD.take7.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work.A. answersB. returnsC. repliesD. receives578.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's_ to be quite a good one.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd better_ them for her.A

24、. bringB. carryC.takeD. fetch10.There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously _.A. hurtB. killedC. brokenD.cut11.Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents.A. affectsB. givesC. causesD. results12.I've_my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.A. forgotB.

25、leftC. remainedD.lost13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will _ you a lot of good.A. makeB.doC.giveD.get14.His heart _ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.A. beatB.hitC. jumpedD.ran15.The cooking chicken _ very good.A. smellsB. feelsC. soundsD. tastes16.Most ch

26、ildren stay at home until they _ school age.A. getB.comeC. reachD. arrive17.A single mistake here could _ you your life.A. payB.takeC. spendD.cost18.The boy works hard. I_ him to succeed in the exam.A. likeB. expectC. thinkD.need19.We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.A. hopedB. wante

27、dC. expectedD. wished20.I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to_a message?A.giveB.leaveC.carryD.take21.Do you know the girl _ a red coat?A. dressed inB. had onC. woreD. put on22.The assistant suggested Mary _ the blue skirt.A. buyingB. boughtC. to buyD. could buy23.Our teacher sugges

28、ted Wang Lin _ to America for further study.A. should sendB. would be sentC. sendingD.be sent24.Old Mr Jackson insisted _ to the Friendship Hospital.A. on being sentB. to sendC. on sendingD. being sent25.The father insisted that their son Tom _ clever enough to study music.A. beB. should beC.wasD. w

29、ould be26.I _ the television set for 1, 500 yuan.A. boughtB.paidC.costD. spent27.I _ play football than basketball.A. would ratherB. had betterC. like betterD. prefer28.- What are you doing?- I'm looking_ the children. They should be back for lunch now.A.afterB.atC.forD.up29.The sports meet will

30、 be _ till next week because of the bad weather.A. put offB. put awayC. put upD. put down30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can _ it.58A. get back fromB. get out ofC. get awayD. get off31.Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.

31、 get overB. get inC; get alongD. get through32.Many foreigners _ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.A. look atB. look forC. look aroundD. look on33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please _ the radio _ a little.A.tum;onB.tum;offC.tum;downD.tum;up34.Thirty people were expected, but only twent

32、y - four _.A. turned inB. turned upC. turned toD. turn up35.The child is running a high fever. We must_ a doctor at once.A. send inB. send outC. send forD. send up36.I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll _ me at eight and we'll go there togethe;A. call forB. call inC. call onD. call

33、 up37.It is often easier to make plans than it is to _.A. carry on themB. carry out themC. carry them onD. carry them out38.Your composition must be _ after class.A. handed toB. handed outC. handed inD. handed over39.A new school was _ in the village last year.A. held upB. set upC. sent upD. brought up40.- When did the plane _?-At 2 o'clock.A. take off'B. take upC. take awayD. take place41._! There's danger ahead.A. Look atB.Look upC.Look onD.Look out42.Let's_ to clean the house. It's too dirt