不可不知的限定性定語(yǔ)從句的四個(gè)特點(diǎn)

1、不可不知的限定性定語(yǔ)從句的四個(gè)特點(diǎn)限定性定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中從句的一種，是定語(yǔ)從句的分支之一。限制性定 語(yǔ)從句為先行詞在意義上是不可缺少的定語(yǔ),若去掉，所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或 失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開。例：She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago,她找到她那條丟失兩周的項(xiàng)鏈。限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別主要有以下四個(gè)特點(diǎn)。一、在句中作用不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更 明確。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行

2、詞關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)其作一些附加說(shuō)明，不起 限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語(yǔ)從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切，所以不可以用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開;而 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，所以可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你還記得教我們英語(yǔ)的那個(gè)女孩嗎？例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.鐘是一種能夠告訴人們時(shí)間的儀器。例 3. This is the pla

3、ce where he used to live.這就是他過(guò)去居住的地方。仮!J 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.張先生昨天來(lái)看我,他是我的一位朋友。例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.我們沿著村里的大街向前走去，村民們正在那里趕集。析:在前三個(gè)例句中，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不可用 逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。在后兩個(gè)例句中，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，為非限制性

4、定語(yǔ)從句,可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。三、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，而特殊惜 況下非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由 which引導(dǎo)。例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much一個(gè)中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫，這令我十分恐懼。析：由語(yǔ)境可知，令“我”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這 整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)山which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例 2. A five-year-old boy can

5、speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ)，這令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到非常驚訝。析：由語(yǔ)境可知,令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是“一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門 外語(yǔ)”這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)應(yīng)III which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ) 從句。四、關(guān)系詞的使用悄況有所不同(-)that不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副 詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但that不可。例1.他送給他母親一臺(tái)彩電作為生日禮物，這使她非常高興。誤：He

6、gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,that pleased her a lot.正：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.例2.他沒(méi)通過(guò)這次考試,令我很失望。誤：He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me.正：He didn't pass the exam, which disappoin ted me.值得注意的是，不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有which才能引導(dǎo)非限

7、制性定語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè) 觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果先行詞指人，則用who , whose引 導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞指物可用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞表時(shí) 間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用when , where引導(dǎo)非限制性定 語(yǔ)從句。例 1. We'll gradua te in July, when we will be free.我們將于七月份畢業(yè)，到那時(shí)我們就自ill To例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.他們上周日到達(dá)南京，

8、有個(gè)會(huì)議要在那里舉行。（二）關(guān)系代詞替代悄況不同關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用who代替whom ,但whom 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用who來(lái)代替。例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.這是我在街上遇到的那個(gè)女孩。析:先行詞the girl在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可用who代替whom .例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.一個(gè)年輕的小伙子新交了一個(gè)女朋友,他想給她留下深刻的印象。析：先行詞a new girl f

9、riend在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),不可用who代替whom .在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)可用that代替who/ whom，但在非限制 性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞指人時(shí)，不可用that代替who/whom .例：她有一個(gè)姐姐，她是教師。誤：She has a sister, that is a teacher.IE：She has a sister, who is teacher.(三)關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的所有關(guān) 系詞均不可省。例 1. This is the book (which/that)he lost yesterday.

10、這就是他昨天丟的那本書。析:先行詞the book在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞which或that 可以省略。例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday,has been found.他昨天丟了這本書，但現(xiàn)在已找到了。析:先行詞the book在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞which不可省跟蹤練習(xí)：句型轉(zhuǎn)換。將下列的句子使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞合并成定語(yǔ)從句。1. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every ten minutes.2.Our teacher is talking to an Englishwom

11、an. Do you know her?3.1 ve got a brother called Tom. He lives in the United States.He' s an engineer4. Can you tell me the name of the school? Your father once studiedin that school5. We met a couple on the highway. Their car had broken down二.高考鏈接()1. Happiness and success often come to those ar

12、e good atrecognizing their own strengthsA. whomB. whoC. wha tD. which()2 Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protectedA. whenB. whichC. whose()3 The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and aviewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses b

13、eingbuilt.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why()4. The book tells stories of the earthquke through the eyes ofthose lives were affectedA. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which()5 He wrote a let ter he explains what had happened inthe accidentA. whatB. whichD. how()6 There is no simple answer, is often the case inscien

14、ceA. asB. thatC. whenD. where()7 is often the case with children, Amy was better bythe time the doctor arrivedA. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As()8 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they liveA. whatB. whichD wherewere()9. The children, had played the whole day long,worn outA. all of wha

15、tB. all of whichC all of themD.all of whom()10. uYou can，t judge a book by its cover, ” A. as the saying goes oldB. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goesD. goes as old the saying()11. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ofare family membersA. themB. thatC. which()15 We are li

16、ving in an age we treasure very much,because it sees man5 s rapid developmentA. whichB. whenC. whereD. what()16 Scientists say human activity contributes to climate change,but they do not agree on the rate climate change may bedevelopingA. with whichB. with thatC. at whichD. at that()17 Today, we

17、9;ll discuss a number of cases beginners ofEnglish fail to use the language properly.A. whichB. asC. why()18 The old house, in front of there is a pine tree, is I used to liveA. which; the place whereB. that; the place whereC it; the place inD. which; the place which()19. Til always remember those d

18、ays I spent with himsailing on the seaA. on thatB. on whichC. whenD. which()20. The matter the head of the office should get downmatters much to us all.A. to whichB. with whichC. to whom()21 The English play many students acted at the NewYear's party was a great successA. for whichB. at whichC.

19、in whichD. on which()22 Mr. White was so angry at all Bill was doing he walked outA. that: whichB. that; thatC. what; thatD. which; that()23 Alice received an invitation from her boss, came asa surpriseA. itB. thatC. whichD. he()24. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we mayreturn in the near

20、futureA. on whichB. by whichC to whichD. from which()25 The newly-built cafe, the walls of are painted lightgreen, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard workA. thatB. itC whatD. which()26 Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, as the name says, eating doesn't

21、take much timeA. whichB. whoC. where()27 George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote many politicalnovels and essaysA. the real nameB. what his real nameChis real nameD. whose real name()28 My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of themA. itB. whoC. thatD. which()29. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m., many people have got homeA. whose