船舶狹水道航行須知

1、船舶狹水道航行須知Narrow Channel navigation Instruction總則General Rule狹水道是指相對水深或水道相對寬度較小的航道，狹水道內，航道狹窄彎曲，水淺灘多，還有暗礁，沉船或漁柵等障礙物，水文氣象條件多變，船舶交通密集，為了確保狹水道內航行安全，必須經常研究和掌握該水道的地理特點及水文氣象條件，加強了望并謹慎駕駛，避免發(fā)生碰撞和觸淺的事故。Narrow channel means the waterway with small relative water depth or small relative breadth of channel. In na

2、rrow channel, waterway is narrow and curved, shallow, many shoal. There is redge, wreck, fishing stakes and other obstacle. Hydrometeors are changeable. Heavy traffic. To ensure safe navigation in narrow channel, should often research and know well the hydrometeors and geographical character and rei

3、nforce look out, steer prudently, avoid colliding and grounding.狹水道中的操船要點Key points for steering in narrow channel水道的全面調查。Full check for channel掌握狹水道水域附近的地形地貌，狹水道內可航水域的水文情況等。Being mastery the terrains and landforms near the channel, the hydrologic regime of navigable water area in narrow channel掌握狹水

4、道助航標志的系統(tǒng)。Mastery navigation-assistance mark system in narrow channel.掌握狹水道附近的風浪等自然情況，并配以風壓差。Mastery wind, wave and other natural condition near the narrow channel coordinated by wind pressure difference掌握狹水道內的船舶交通狀況。Mastery of traffic condition in narrow channel行駛在計劃航線上。Sail on the scheduled route.航

5、線的設計，只要安全可行，應盡量靠近本船航行的右側水道或航道的外緣。If it is safe, designed route should close to the right waterway of own ship or waterways outer edge.選用大比例尺海圖，進入該海區(qū)航段之前，二副應將海圖改正到最近、最新。Large scale chart should be used. Before entering into this maritime zone, second officer should amend the chart to the latest, up t

6、o date edition.為了隨時查驗本船是否行駛在計劃航線上，采用的導航方法有浮標導航、岸標導航、單標方位導航等。For checking if ship is on the scheduled route, buoy navigation, landmark navigation, single mark navigation should be used as navigation way.為防止船舶相對于計劃航線偏離過遠而發(fā)生危險的避險法，可用物標方位線避險法、距離圈避險法等。To prevent ship deviate from scheduled route too much

7、 to be in dangerous, object bearing line avoiding dangerous, distance circle avoiding dangerous should be used.準確掌握轉向點根據(jù)船舶所受風、流情況，正確選擇轉向依據(jù)的轉向時的船位，按所處的地理環(huán)境的彎勢等適當用車用舵，使船駛于新的航線上。Accurately mastery the turn point based on the bearing wind and current, use engine and helm appropriately based on geographi

8、cal bend and make the ship sail in new route.狹水道中操船時的注意事項Guidelines for maneuvering in narrow channel隨時確認船位，注意是否偏離航線。大風浪、急流中的航道浮標時有移位的可能，用來導航時應多方參照而不可盲目相信。Check vessels position momentarily and heed deviation or not. Because the buoy in rushing current waterway in high wind and wave maybe move, Don

9、not depend on buoy signs categorically. Should find more information to navigate as reference.根據(jù)情況需要適時備車，作好拋錨準備，必要時需不間斷測深。Navigate with the standing by engine and make two anchors ready if needed. If necessary, incessantly measure.通過淺灘或呷角時，不可作不必要的靠近或為了貪圖近便而走切角的路線，并應估計船舶富余水深不足時，最好選滿潮時通過，必要時應降速航行以減少尾傾

10、，盡量避免在該水域追越他船。When cross shoal, should not unnecessarily approach it. If estimated draft margin in not enough, should pass it in full tide. If necessary, should reduce speed to decrease squatting. No overtaking in narrow channel.在轉向時，須估計到船舶的旋回圈及船舶在旋回過程中所受到水流的影響。When turn, should estimate the turn ci

11、rcle and influence by current during turning.通過潮流比較強的水道時，應選好視程良好、交通量較少時平流時通過，以免陷入被動局面。When pass channel with strong tide and current, should pass with good visibility and light traffic to avoid being trapped in passive position.夜間或霧中駛于狹水道時，因視線較差應兼用雷達進行了望，盡可能給出有關碰撞危險的信息并將其顯示出來，但仍應在確認附近實際情況之后才可進行避讓操縱。

12、When navigate in narrow channel at night or in fog, should use radar to help look out due to poor visibility. Possibly find the information related to collide and display them out. But should steer for keeping clear only after confirm actual situation nearby.遇下霧或能見度不佳，不能很好辨清陸地上的物標，或對航行地區(qū)的情況感到沒有把握時，應

13、立即拋錨。In fog or poor visibility, If landmark can not be checked clearly or there in no confidence for the situation of navigating water area, should drop anchor immediately.在水流急湍的狹窄水道中航行，應盡量避免與它船在急轉彎的地方相遇。In narrow channel with rushing current, possibly avoid meeting with other ship in hairpin turn.在

14、狹水道航行時，要注意會產生一種“岸吸”，當二船過份接近時，也會發(fā)生“船吸”的現(xiàn)象。During sailing in narrow channel, pay attention to bank suction, when two ships approach, pay attention ship suction狹水道航行中交接班，特別是夜間或視程不良時，接班駕駛員應提前上駕駛臺，查閱海圖，熟悉該航段的所有海區(qū)情況，并適應燈光背景，交班駕駛員應將當時所有觀察到的情況詳盡地介紹，在追越或轉彎時，不準交接班。Handing/taking over duty during sailing in na

15、rrow channel, especially at night or poor visibility, taking over duty officer should arrive in bridge in advance, check chart, know well the condition of this leg, adapt to light background. Handing over duty officer should introduce all the information observed to taking over duty officer. No hand

16、ing/taking duty when overtaking or turning.狹水道機艙操車注意事項Guidelines for engine in narrow channel船舶在狹窄水道中航行，由于船舶經常變向機動操車，負荷變化大，動力裝置工況隨之改變。要求人員和設備進入備車狀態(tài)，注意動力裝置各種參數(shù)的變化，及時調整，嚴禁主機在超負荷狀況下和“臨界轉速”范圍內工作，保證動力裝置始終工作正常。同時注意車鐘記錄正確。In navigation in narrow channel, because ship need maneuvering, load often changes, t

17、he work condition of power equipment change accordingly. Need crew and set in stand by state, heed the change of parameter of power equipment, adjust in time. It is prohibited that main engine work in overload and in critical revolution. Ensure power equipment work in normal condition and accurately

18、 fill in engine telegraph.注意主機如下參數(shù)：各缸排煙溫度及冷卻淡水出口溫度；滑油進機壓力、溫度；主軸承及推力軸承滑油溫度；主機燃油壓力及燃油溫度；透平轉速、掃氣壓力、掃氣溫度。Heeding the following parameters- Exhaust temperatures of cylinder heads and inlet/outlet temperatures of cooling fresh water-Pressure and temperature of inlet LO-LO temperature of main bearings and

19、thrust bearings-FO pressure and temperature of main engine-T/C RPM, scavenging pressure, scavenging temperature檢查主機運轉時有無異響.Check the main engine on working for any abnormal noise.檢查和確認主機機旁操車位置轉換、操縱設施良好，方法熟練，人員落實，特別要對控制空氣系統(tǒng)的檢查，定時放殘水。Check and confirm operation the change-over function of the main eng

20、ine local operation and operational accessory equipments in good order, ways skilled, crew putting into effect. Especially check air control system and drain residual water at regular time.巡查為主機服務的各種泵浦運轉正常。Patrol and inspect the working pumps for main engine in good order.主、副機燃油日用柜、燃油沉淀柜、壓縮空氣瓶等要加強放殘

21、水。Fuel oil service tanks for main/auxiliary engines, fuel oil settling tanks, compressed air bottles should be drained residual water more frequently.注意副機運轉工況、滑油油位，進機壓力，溫度等。保持足夠的功率儲備，必要時增加一臺副機運行。Heed the work condition of auxiliary engine running, LO level, inlet pressure and temperature. Keep enough power reserve. If necessary, parallel another aux