雅思詞匯-3 社會類

1、Society：社會類1. Urban: adj relating to, or characteristic of a town or city 城市的；都市的，與城市有關(guān)的；有城市特色的Eg. urban construction/population/development The urban area is usually densely populated.urbanize: v make or become urban in character 使城市化，使都市化Eg. The island has recently been urbanized. urbanization: n

2、Eg. Urbanization has taken place very rapidly in developing countries.Metropolitan: adj of, relating to, or denoting a metropolis 大都會的，大城市的；有大城市氣派的 Eg. Metropolitan area Many people couldnt afford to purchase houses in the metropolitan areas. Metropolis: n (1) the capital or chief city of a country

3、or region (國或地區(qū)的) 首都，首府，首要城市 （2） a very large and densely populated industrial and commercial city 大都會，大城市 Rural: relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town 農(nóng)村的，（有關(guān)）鄉(xiāng)村的；有鄉(xiāng)村特點的Eg. Remote rural areas 遙遠的農(nóng)村地區(qū) Crops are grown in rural areas. The children in backwarded rural a

4、reas dont have an access to better education facility. 構(gòu)詞法：-ward（s）朝向的Eg. Upward(s) downward(s) forward(s) backward(s) Eastward(s) westward(s) southward(s) northward(s) Homeward(s) Ruralize: v Ruralization: n Rustic: adj having a simplicity and charm that is considered typical of the countryside 淳樸的

5、，樸素的；質(zhì)樸的；鄉(xiāng)下風格的Eg. rustic costume Suburban: adj of or characteristic of a suburb 郊區(qū)的Eg. Suburban life 近郊生活Suburbanize: v Suburbanization: n 構(gòu)詞法：sub- : 表示“下面，底下，往下”；“下級，次要，從屬”Subway(underground) subtitle sub-zero temperature subtropical Subdivide subadult 亞成體，接近成年的動物 subcategory亞類，子種類，子范疇 subconscious

6、 subcontinent次大陸 subsequent 2. central: adj centralize: v often as adj centralized concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority 將權(quán)力集中，集權(quán)（于一身）；使集權(quán) eg. a highly centralized country centralization: n Decentralize: v often as adj decentralized transfer (authority) from c

7、entral to local government 分權(quán)Eg. Canada has one of the most decentralized governments in the world.Decentralization：n Eg. the new leader advocates decentralization to prevent corruption. 構(gòu)詞法：de-: no not 否定 Eg. Demerit deforest deform degrade Decentralize decrease devalue3. Imbalance: n lack of propo

8、rtion or relation between corresponding things 不均衡，不平衡，失衡，失調(diào)Eg. Tension is generated by the imbalance of power. 構(gòu)詞法：im-: no not 否定前綴Eg. Impossible improper imbalance immoral Imperfect immortal永生的，不朽的 immeasurable不可估量的 4. Infrastructure: n the basic physical and organizational structures and faciliti

9、es ( eg. Buildings,roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise 基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Eg. Economic/social/transport Infrastructure 經(jīng)濟/社會/交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 China has recently invested a lot in the improvement of the infrastructure of underdeveloped countries. 5. commercial: adj （1） connected wi

10、th or engaged commerce 貿(mào)易的，商業(yè)的，商務(wù)的 eg. A commercial agreement 貿(mào)易協(xié)定（2） making or intended to make a profit 獲利的，營利的，用作商品的 eg. Commercial products 商品（3） Having profit, rather than artistic or other value, as a primary aim 以獲利為主要目的的，商品化的Eg. Their work is too commercial 他們的作品過于商品化了。 N: a television or ra

11、dio advertisement 電視廣告，電臺廣告 commercialize: v 【often as adj be commercialized】start to manage( an organization or activity) in a way designed to make a profit 使（組織，活動）商業(yè)化Eg. The museum has been commercialized. Commercialized resort areas 已開發(fā)的商業(yè)性游樂勝地 commercialization: n 6. Industry: n tourist/service

12、 industry tertiary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) Industrial: adj Industrialize: v 【often as adj industrialized】develop industries in ( a country or region) on a wide scale. 使（國家，地區(qū)）工業(yè)化 Industrialized nations 工業(yè)化國家 Industrialization: n 7. polar: n polarize: v polarization: n 8. stable: adj (1) ( of an object or stru

13、cture) not likely to give way or overturn; firmly fixed. (物體，結(jié)構(gòu))穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的，牢固的（2） （of a patient or their medical condition) not deteriorating in health after an injury or operation (患者或其傷后或術(shù)后身體狀況）穩(wěn)定的，沒有惡化的 Eg. He is now in a stable condition in hospital.(3) (of a person) sane and sensible; not easily u

14、pset or disturbed (人）持重的，穩(wěn)健的；心態(tài)平和的Eg. The officer is mentally and emotionally stable. 該軍官精神和情緒都很穩(wěn)定（4） not likely to change or fail; firmly established 持久的，穩(wěn)固的Eg. a stable relationship 穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系 Prices have remained relatively stable 價格依然相對穩(wěn)定stabilize: v make or become stableEg. His condition appears to

15、have stabilized. An emergency programme designed to stabilize the economy stability: n the state of being stable Eg. social stability/instability 社會穩(wěn)定/動蕩 There are fears for the political stability of the area. 構(gòu)詞法：動詞后綴：-ize 使成為；使變成；以的特點行事Eg. Computerize memorize summarize legalize rationalize Globa

16、lize internationalize specialize utilize criticize apologize urbanize modernize organize Ruralize stabilize hospitabilize polarize Industrialize Commercialize centralize decentralize prioritize 9. distribute: v give a share or unit of (something) to each of a number of recipients 分發(fā)，分配 Eg. Leaflets

17、are being distributed to hotels. distribution: n wealth distribution 財富分配 allocate: v distribute ( resources or duties) for a particular purpose ( 為某目的）分配，分派（資源，責任）Eg. The authorities allocated 50000 places to refugees. Students are allocated accommodation on a yearly basis. allocation: n eg. More e

18、fficient allocation of resources 資源的更有效配置10. employ: v employment: employment rate 就業(yè)率 unemployment： unemployment rate 失業(yè)率 employer: n employee: n11. explode: v (1) increase suddenly or rapidly in size, number, or extent 激增，迅速擴大Eg. The use of this drug exploded in the 90sEg. Population explosion (2)

19、 with object cause (a bomb) to do this 使炸彈爆炸explosion: n population explosion 人口激增，爆炸Population: n all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country(城鎮(zhèn)，地區(qū)或國家的）全體居民，人口Eg. The island has a population of about 78,000a large/small population An increase/a fall in populationHave/has a population

20、 of Whats the population of Areas of sparse/dense population: a sparsely-populated area/ a densely-populated area 11. welfare: social welfare 社會福利12. revenue：（1） income, esp when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature （尤指公司或組織數(shù)額龐大的）收入，收益（2）a states annual income from which public e

21、xpenses are met （國家）稅收 eg. the revenue 稅務(wù)局，稅務(wù)署13. boom：n (1)a loud,deep, resonant sound 低沉有回響的聲音，隆隆聲 (2) a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth 迅速增長，繁榮v : no object experience a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth 繁榮，昌盛booming: adj business is booming/ prosperious. 商業(yè)蓬

22、勃發(fā)展14. consume: v consumption: n ways of consumption 消費方式15. purchase： v/n acquire something by paying for it, buy 購買 Eg. There is great potential for the purchase power of Chinese people. 16. pressure：n Eg. He resigned due to pressure of work Reduce/alleviate/lessen the pressure from work/study Be

23、under great pressure of stress: n 17. scarce: adj (especially of food, money, or some other resource) insufficient for the demand ( 尤指食物，金錢或其他資源）缺乏的，不足的，供不應(yīng)求的 inadequate/insuficient/short/lackEg. As raw materials became scarce, synthetics were developed. 由于原材料變得稀缺，合成材料被開發(fā)出來了scarcity: n water scarcit

24、y/shortage 水短缺Eg. There is a great scarcity of food in the drought-stricken areas. 旱災(zāi)地區(qū)食物短缺嚴重構(gòu)詞法: in- : no not 否定前綴Eg. Inadequate insufficient incorrect infinite incoherent Invalid infallible indiscrimination infeasible Indifferent invisible incomplete insignificant無關(guān)緊要的，可忽略的 incredible incapable In

25、fallible：adj incapable of making mistakes or being wrong 不會犯錯的，無誤的 Infinite：adj 無限的，無窮的，難以估量的，無數(shù)的Eg. The infinite number of stars in the universe Dis-: Eg. Dislike disagree disharmony disgrace(ful)丟臉的，不光彩的 Dishonest(y) disappear discover(y) dishonourable il-: Eg. illegal illegitimate illogical illiteracyir-:Eg. irregular irrational irrevocable irresistible Irreplaceable Irrevocable: adj not able to be changed, reversed, or recovered; final 不可改變的，不可取消的，最后的，最終的Eg. A