基礎(chǔ)考研作文修煉新概念必背 Part 6

1、Lesson 46 Hobbies業(yè)余愛(ài)好A gifted American psychologist has said, Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go. It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something e

2、lse into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.The cultivation of a hobby and new

3、forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must

4、 fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: I will take an interest in this or th

5、at. Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided in

6、to three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inv

7、iting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been  working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their ha

8、nds on almost every object of desire-for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful p

9、ath.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hou

10、rs in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's favored children belong to the second class.Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours ar

11、e never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that t

12、hose whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.一位天才的美國(guó)心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“煩惱是感情的發(fā)作，此時(shí)腦子糾纏住了某種東西又不肯松手?！痹谶@種情況下，你和頭腦爭(zhēng)吵讓它松手是無(wú)濟(jì)于事的。這種意志越是強(qiáng)烈，這種嘗試越是徒勞。你只能緩和而巧妙地讓另一種東西進(jìn)入痙攣僵持的頭腦中。如果選得合適，而且的確受到別的領(lǐng)域的情趣的啟迪，那么漸漸地，往往也是很順利地，原先不適當(dāng)?shù)木o張就會(huì)松弛下來(lái)，恢復(fù)和修整的過(guò)程就會(huì)開(kāi)始。因此，對(duì)一個(gè)

13、從事社會(huì)活動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)馀愛(ài)好和各種新的興趣是頭等重要的作法。但這并非一日之功，也不是單憑意志一蹴而就的事。精神上多種情趣的培養(yǎng)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程。要想在需要的時(shí)候可隨手摘取充滿生機(jī)的果實(shí)，那就必然從精選良種做起，然后將其植入肥沃的土地，還需要勤勉地護(hù)理。一個(gè)人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少應(yīng)有兩三種愛(ài)好，而且都比較實(shí)際。到了晚年才開(kāi)始說(shuō)：“我會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)或那個(gè)發(fā)生興趣”，已沒(méi)有用了。這種愿望只能加劇精神緊張。一個(gè)人可能會(huì)獲得與其日常工作無(wú)關(guān)的某些課題的淵博知識(shí)，而沒(méi)有從中得到什么實(shí)益或?qū)捨?。干你所喜歡的事是沒(méi)有用的，你得喜歡你所干的事。泛泛地說(shuō)，人可以分為 3類(lèi)：勞累至死的人、憂慮至死的人、

14、無(wú)聊至死的人。對(duì)于流汗出力干了一周苦活的體力勞動(dòng)者來(lái)說(shuō)，讓他們?cè)谛瞧诹挛缭偬咦闱蚧虼驂厩蚴遣缓线m的；同樣，對(duì)于為嚴(yán)肅的公務(wù)操勞或煩惱了6天的政界人士、專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)人員、商人來(lái)說(shuō)，在周末再讓他們?yōu)楝嵤露鴦?dòng)腦子和憂慮也是無(wú)益的。至于那些能任意支配一切的“可憐的人”，他們能夠恣意妄為，能染指一切追求的目標(biāo)。對(duì)這種人來(lái)說(shuō)，多一種新的樂(lè)趣、多一種新的刺激只是增加一分厭膩而已。他們到處狂奔亂跑，企圖以閑聊和亂竄來(lái)擺脫無(wú)聊對(duì)他們的報(bào)復(fù)，但這是徒勞的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，用某種形式的紀(jì)律約束他們一下才能有希望使他們走上正道。也可以這樣說(shuō)，理智的、勤勞的、有用的人可以分為兩類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)是分清工作是工作，娛樂(lè)是娛樂(lè)的人；第二

15、類(lèi)人的工作和娛樂(lè)是一回事。這兩類(lèi)人當(dāng)中，第一類(lèi)人是大多數(shù)，他們能夠得到補(bǔ)償。在辦公室或工廠里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作給他們帶來(lái)了酬勞，這不僅是謀生的手段，而且還帶來(lái)了尋找樂(lè)趣的強(qiáng)烈欲望。那怕是最簡(jiǎn)單的、最低等的樂(lè)趣。但是，命運(yùn)之神的寵兒是第二類(lèi)人，他們的生活是一種自然的和諧，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，工作時(shí)間總不會(huì)太長(zhǎng)，每天都是假日，而通常的假期到來(lái)時(shí)，他們卻惋惜這假期強(qiáng)制打斷了他們埋頭從事的工作。然而對(duì)這兩種人來(lái)說(shuō)，都需要換一換腦子，改變一下氣氛，轉(zhuǎn)移一下注意力，這是不可缺少的。說(shuō)實(shí)在的，把工作當(dāng)作享受的那些人可能最需要每隔一段時(shí)間把工作從頭腦中撇開(kāi)。Lesson 47  The great escape大

16、逃亡Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres careles

17、sly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophis

18、ticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveller who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides-and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon-an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dis

19、likes the Splendide and the Bellavista(都是旅館名)， not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo(呸

20、，表不滿) to a maitre dhotel.（總管）對(duì)旅館管事不滿.From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior they in the shape of mana

21、gements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.From on

22、e's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather

23、too inclement) are there, outside-or, as likely, part of-the tent.Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, i

24、t is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a

25、characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting our camping friends to a dance or a boat trip are printed not on

26、ly in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual deat

27、h of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers'site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many

28、 heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.(童子軍)  圖省錢(qián)是露營(yíng)的一個(gè)主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)，因?yàn)槌碎_(kāi)始時(shí)購(gòu)置或是租借一套露營(yíng)裝備外，總費(fèi)用算起來(lái)要比住旅館開(kāi)支少得多。但是，和一般的看法相反，這決非是僅有的，甚至不是最主要的動(dòng)機(jī)。如果一位游客漫不經(jīng)心地駕車(chē)駛?cè)霘W洲無(wú)數(shù)常年?duì)I地之一，花20鎊租用一個(gè)空位，那么他可能會(huì)碰見(jiàn)一輛本特利汽車(chē)，更可能會(huì)望見(jiàn)一輛福特·康索爾和一輛雷諾或一輛梅塞迪斯并排停放著，不過(guò)雙人自行車(chē)則不容易看到?，F(xiàn)代露營(yíng)裝備一年比一年講究，這對(duì)那些厭世嫉俗者來(lái)說(shuō)是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情。而對(duì)于發(fā)誓用露營(yíng)來(lái)擺脫煩惱的人來(lái)說(shuō)，卻帶來(lái)了更光明的前景。學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)的大學(xué)生來(lái)露營(yíng)是另一種形式的擺脫