新概念二第78課筆記

1、課堂筆記:1 entitlean article entitledCigarette Smoking and Your Health,一篇題為吸煙與健康的文章。在英語(yǔ)中,文章名與書(shū)名中的每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母均大寫(xiě),不在開(kāi)頭位置的連詞、冠詞、小品詞除外。entitle 的含義為“給.題名/定名”,在這里是過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。entitle 常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):The writer hasnt entitled his new book yet.那位作家還沒(méi)給他的新書(shū)寫(xiě)/取名。She read a poem entitled The Apple Tree她讀了一首題為蘋(píng)果樹(shù)的詩(shī)entitle sb

2、to sth給予某人獲得某事物或做某事的權(quán)利You are entitled to collect the rental fee from the customers.你有權(quán)利去收取客戶的房租。This ticket doesnt entitle you to sit in first class.你這張票不能坐頭等位。entitlement授權(quán),有資格We have no record of your entitlement to free travel.我們沒(méi)有讓你免費(fèi)旅行的記錄。2lit 原形light lit lit (lighted,ligthedlighted candel燃著的蠟

3、燭light a candlelight a cigarettelight up (with sth 指人的臉等放光彩,容光煥發(fā)3calm adj.鎮(zhèn)定的,安靜的,無(wú)憂慮的It is important to keep calm in an emergency.在緊急情況下保持鎮(zhèn)靜是很重要的。the calm before the storm暴風(fēng)雨前的寧?kù)ov. calm (sb down使某人平靜,鎮(zhèn)靜Just calm down a bit.你先靜一靜!calmly 若無(wú)其事地4nerves用復(fù)數(shù)表示神經(jīng)緊張,神經(jīng)過(guò)敏,神經(jīng)質(zhì)She doesnt know what nerves are.她

4、根本就不知道什么是神經(jīng)緊張。膽量,勇氣It takes nerve to be a racing driver.當(dāng)賽車(chē)手要有膽量I wouldnt have the nerve to try anything so dangerous.我可沒(méi)膽量做那么危險(xiǎn)的事情。What a nerve!臉皮真厚(what a shameget on sbs nerves刺激或煩擾某人Stop singing!You are getting on my nerves.別唱了!弄得我心煩hit/touch a (raw nerve提及某人痛苦氣憤等的事情,點(diǎn)到痛處You hit a raw nerve when

5、 you mentioned his first wife 你曾提到他的前妻刺到了他的痛處。5concentrate on sth 集中注意力做某事6suffer During this time, my wife suffered terribly.在此期間,我妻子吃盡了苦頭。(1vi. 受痛苦,受苦難;患病:suffer from/with/forDo you often suffer from headaches?你常頭痛嗎?She is suffering from loss of memory。她患有遺忘癥He made a rash decision. Now he is suff

6、ering for it.他做的決定太草率了,現(xiàn)在可吃到苦頭(2vt.經(jīng)歷或遭受(痛苦、損害等:Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district.那個(gè)地區(qū)許多人正受凍挨餓。(3變壞,變差,變?cè)鉟our studies will suffer if you play too much football.你要是總踢足球,功課就會(huì)變?cè)懔?。suffering痛苦(肉體的或心理的There is so much suffering in this world.這個(gè)世界上有很多的痛苦。7I had all the usual sympto

7、ms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. 我具備了戒煙者通常表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的所有癥狀:脾氣暴躁和食欲旺盛。a bad temper and an enormous appetite 為symptoms 的同位語(yǔ)。giving up smoking 可以看做是someone 的定語(yǔ),即someone who gives up smoking. symptom癥狀,(壞事的征兆You have a symptom of catching a cold你有患感冒的癥狀enormous巨大的,極大的an e

8、normous amount of money巨款appetite食欲,胃口He has no appetite for the fight.他毫無(wú)斗志。8My friends Kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. 我的朋友們不斷地向我遞香煙和雪茄。keep on doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”、“反復(fù)做某事”:The child was crying loudly, but he kept on watching TV.孩子在大聲哭,但他卻一直看電視。He kept on phoning me他不斷地給她打電話。9They made n

9、o effort to hide他們毫不掩飾地。 make effort to do sth 盡力做某事make no effort 表示“根本不作努力”。我們還可以說(shuō):He made no effort to take the exam.他考試根本不努力。make every effort盡一切努力I will make every effort to arrive on time.我將盡一切努力準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。She wrote the letter with/without effort.她費(fèi)力地/毫不費(fèi)力地寫(xiě)了那封信。Georeg made every effort to get/at ge

10、tting the job.喬治竭盡全力想得到那份工作。10produce sth (from/out of sth掏出,拿出或出示某事物第78課課堂筆記(二11urge urge sb to do sth 催促某人干某事。力勸某人做某事They urged us to go at once他們催促我們馬上去。極力主張,強(qiáng)烈要求,力勸My friends urged that I should apply for the job朋友們力勸我申請(qǐng)那份工作。He urged that they go to New York他極力主張他們?nèi)ゼ~約。urge sb. on鼓勵(lì)或激勵(lì)某人,鞭策We urg

11、ed the school team on with loud cheers.我們大聲助威,激勵(lì)校隊(duì)拼搏強(qiáng)調(diào) urge on/upon sb 對(duì)某人/某事強(qiáng)調(diào)We urged on you the importance of the time factor. 我們?cè)蚰惴綇?qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)時(shí)間因素的主要性。n.強(qiáng)烈的欲望,沖動(dòng)The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了,我很急迫地去旅行。沖動(dòng),強(qiáng)烈的欲望”。 I had a sudden urge to tell the boss what I thought of him.我突然想告

12、訴老板我對(duì)他的看法。12 it was more than I could bear. .我再也忍不住了。more than 后面跟一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)形容詞時(shí)可以表示“超出” (多用于口語(yǔ):He was more than pleased with his new room.他對(duì)自己的新房間極其滿意。This was more than I had expected.這超出了我的預(yù)料。13guiltily內(nèi)疚地guilty adj.He was found guilty of murder他被判犯謀殺罪。有過(guò)失的(+ofThe manager was guilty of an important

13、misjudgment.經(jīng)理犯了一個(gè)重大的判斷錯(cuò)誤。自知有過(guò)錯(cuò)的,內(nèi)疚的(+about I felt guilty after breaking my promise. 我違背諾言后感到內(nèi)疚。 You look guilty. 你看上去心虛。 guilt n 有罪，罪狀 The police established his guilt.警方認(rèn)定他有罪。 guiltless of sth 無(wú)罪的，無(wú)辜的 14）delight 1. 欣喜,愉快U To our delight, our football team won. 令我們高興的是,我們的足球隊(duì)贏了。 She ran back home w

14、ith delight. 她興高采烈地跑回家。 2。vt.1. 使高興，愉快 Im delighted that you are back. 你回來(lái)了,我很高興。 We were delighted to read your novel. 我們很高興拜讀你的小說(shuō)。 Her singing delighted everyone. 她的歌聲使大家很愉快。 vi. delight in sth/doing sth 1. 喜愛(ài)，取樂(lè)(+in She delights in her work. 她喜愛(ài)她的工作。 14） Anyway,as Brian pointed out, it is the eas

15、iest thing in the world to give up smoking.不管怎么 說(shuō)，正如布賴(lài)恩指出的那樣，戒煙是世界上最容易的事情。 it 為先行主語(yǔ)，代替后面的不定式短語(yǔ) to give up smoking。 point out 為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“指 出”、“指明”： He pointed out the mistake to me. 他向我指出錯(cuò)誤。 He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things. 他指出我們還需要得再買(mǎi)一些其他東西。 2與 keep 有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 keep 與不同的小品詞搭配可以有

16、不同的含義。 （1）keep on 與動(dòng)名詞連用時(shí)表示“反復(fù)”、“持續(xù)”： Keep on trying. 繼續(xù)努力。 He kept on saying that he was tired. 他不斷地說(shuō)他累了。 （2）keep off 表示“不靠近”、“從.離開(kāi)”： Keep off the flower bed. 請(qǐng)勿進(jìn)入花壇。 Keep your hands off the food. 別動(dòng)吃的東西。 （3）keep away from 表示“（使.）不靠近”、“避開(kāi)”： Why do you always keep away from me? 你為什么總躲著我？ Keep the ch

17、ildren away from the river. 別讓孩子們?nèi)ズ舆叀?（4）keep it up 表示“不松勁”、“保持成績(jī)”或“繼續(xù)下去”，而 keep up with 則表示“跟上”、“不落在.后面”： Youve made much progress. Keep it up! 你已取得了很大進(jìn)步。繼續(xù)努力！ If you keep it up, youll be able to set up a new world record. 你如果保持下去不松勁，你就能創(chuàng)一項(xiàng)新的世界紀(jì)錄。 Although he walked as fast as he could, he still co

18、uldnt keep up with his father. 雖然他盡快走，但他仍跟不上他父親。 In order to keep up with his classmates, he worked harder than ever.為了跟上同學(xué)，他比以往 任何時(shí)候都更努力。 （5）keep out 可以表示“（使）留在外面”、“（使）不進(jìn)入”： He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind. 為了擋風(fēng)，他關(guān)上了所有的門(mén)窗。 16,000-volt power line. Keep out! 16,000 伏高壓線，不可靠近！ （6）keep in 的含義之一為“（把.）留在里面關(guān)在屋里”、“不 出 外”： Its very cold today. Wed better keep in. 今天很冷。我們最好別出去。 When the dog was kept in, it