英語語法難點(diǎn)9

1、難點(diǎn)9 忽視不得的主謂一致主謂一致是指句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上須保持一致。道理雖然簡單，但其牽涉到的要點(diǎn)繁多，出現(xiàn)的形式多樣，并可以各種題型出現(xiàn)，故不可忽視。難點(diǎn)磁場1.()Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons_ to go to university.So do I.2.()Either you or the headmaster_ the prize for these gifted students at the meeting.(北京2001二模)A.is handing in B.are to hand o

2、utC.are handing in D.is to hand out3.()A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB.has offeredC.are offeredD.have offered4.()His family_ a big one.When I came to see him last night,his family_watching TV.A.is;wasB.was;wereC.is;wereD.are;were5.()The poor_ helped by gover

3、nment programs,_?(2001武漢二模)A.is;isnt it B.is;isnt heC.are;arent they D.are;havent they6.()As a result of destroying the forest,a large_ of desert_ covered the land. (2001上海高考)A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have7.()The teacher and writer_ asked to make a speech at the meeting.8.()W

4、hen and where to build the new factory_ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided9.()Many people say 10 000_ a lot of money.A.dollar isB.dollars areC.dollars isD.dollar are10.()The number of people invited_ fifty,but a number of them_ absent for different reasons.A.w

5、ere;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were11.()All that can be done_.A.has been done B.have been doneC.have done D.has done12.()More than one_ injured in the car accident.A.have beenB.has been13.()Four-fifths of the workers here_ _ workers.A.is womanB.are womanC.are womenD.is women14.()To give_ to receiv

6、e.15.()His “selected poems”_ in 1955.A.were first published B.was first publishedC.have been first published D.had been first published案例探究1.More than_ of the workers_ from Paris.A.ten percents;is B.ten percent;areC.three times;was D.percents ten;comes命題意圖：考查分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法及此時的主謂一致，本題屬四星級題。知識依托：分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of

7、+名詞作主語時，謂語與of后的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。錯解分析：解該題時易誤選A，誤把百分之十作為整體處理，而沒有考慮到是百分之十多的工人。此時所指為復(fù)數(shù)概念。解題方法與技巧：與此情況類似的是表示部分和一定數(shù)量的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞也應(yīng)與介詞of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。這些詞有：e.g.(1)Most of the money has been wasted.(2)Every year,lots of damage is caused by fire. 例如：(1)Quantities of food are wasted every day.(2)Amounts of money were

8、 spent on this project.（這兩個詞的用法是主謂一致中的難點(diǎn)，同時也是常考點(diǎn)）答案：B2.Not only I but also Mary and Jane _ tired of having one examination after another. (NMET1989)命題意圖：考查主謂一致中的就近原則。本題屬四星級題。知識依托：由not onlybut also連接并列主語時，謂語與最靠近的主語保持一致。錯解分析：本題易誤選C，易誤認(rèn)為I 為主語，而實(shí)際上決定謂語單復(fù)數(shù)的是由Jane and Mary決定，應(yīng)用就近原則，故排除C，同理排除A。解題方法與技巧：熟記要點(diǎn)

9、：在英語中，主謂一致有三個原則：語法一致的原則，語意一致的原則和就近原則。此題是就近原則，所以答案為B。答案：B3.()Nobody but you_ what he said. (全國重點(diǎn)中學(xué)大聯(lián)考沖刺題)A.agrees withB.agrees outC.agree withD.agree to命題意圖：考查詞組“同意”和主語為nobody類的不定代詞時，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)的確定，該題屬五星級題。知識依托：主語為nobody時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果主語被but,as well as,with等短語修飾，謂語仍與主語的數(shù)保持一致。錯題分析：該題易誤選C、D，選D的原因在于詞組記憶不清，用介詞to時之

10、后應(yīng)加具體項(xiàng)目。而選擇C就在于誤把you做為主語對待了。而實(shí)際上nobody才是主語。答案：A4.She is the only one among the_writers who_ stories for children.A.woman;writes B.women;writeC.women;writes D.woman;write命題意圖：考查復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及從句中的主謂一致。本題屬于五星級題。知識依托：woman writer的復(fù)數(shù)為women writers，而定語從句中的謂語單復(fù)數(shù)是由先行詞決定的，先行詞為the only one。故答案為C。錯解分析：本題易誤選B，誤認(rèn)為先行詞

11、為writers，而實(shí)際上由于one被the only修飾，故先行詞是the only one，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)。解題方法與技巧：本題中我們可以了解，當(dāng)考查定語從句中的謂語動詞形式時，需首先分清楚所修飾的先行詞是誰，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)概念，從而決定從句中謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg.Mary is one of the students who were late for school.Mary is the only one of the students who was late for school.答案：C錦囊妙計1.主謂一致有個三原則：語法一致，意義一致和就近原則，無論哪一種，重要的是分清一個句子

12、中，哪是主語，主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，分清題目屬于哪種一致的情況，然后確定謂語形式。這里我們簡單總結(jié)一下主謂一致中常見的原則：(1)and連接兩個名詞，但表同一事物，謂語用單數(shù)。eg.The writer and singer is my best friend.(2)each、 either、 one、 the other及不定代詞等作主語時，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.Everybody is here.(3)由連詞or、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連接并列主語時及there be句式，There be句式中謂語動詞應(yīng)用就近原則。eg.Neither yo

13、u nor I am to blame.(4)國名、人名、報紙名、書名等專有名詞雖以-s結(jié)尾，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。eg.The United States is a developed country.但以-s結(jié)尾的山脈、島、瀑布等作主語時，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.The philippines lie to the southeast of China.(5)由each修飾的名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。eg.Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.They each have an English-Chinese dictiona

14、ry.(6)表示時間、距離、錢、重量的名詞作主語，若表示整體謂語用單數(shù)，但如強(qiáng)調(diào)具體數(shù)量，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.Five hundred miles is a long distance.Twenty years have passed since he began to work here.(7)表示數(shù)量的one and a half后面要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語要用單數(shù)形式。(8)定冠詞the+形容詞/分詞表示一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(9)表示成雙成套的名詞，如trousers,shoes,glasses, compasses等用作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.His black trouser

15、s are too long.2.高考中主謂一致的考查一般不會單獨(dú)考查，常與時態(tài)、語態(tài)及句式（如倒裝句）等相結(jié)合考查，此時如不能準(zhǔn)確判斷，不妨結(jié)合其他要點(diǎn)共同確定正確答案。殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1.Plastics_ many other materials.A.has taken place of B.has taken the place ofC.have taken place of D.have taken the place of2.The glass works_in 1980.B.was builtC.were builtD.has been built3.Were all three p

16、eople in the car accident injured in the accident?No,_ only the two passengers who got hurt.A.it wasB.there isC.it wereD.there were4.A cart and horse_ in the distance.C.are seenD.was seen5.No one but her parents_ it.C.is knowingD.are knowing6.The Olympic Games_ held every four years.7.()Many a man_ come to help us.8.()The rich_ not always happy.9.()What you said_ quite to the point.10.()Slow and steady_ the race.11.()A number of sheep_ died o