英語B級(jí)語法總結(jié)(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上詞性部分1.名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：-ion suggestion，action，reaction, solution, permission-ation invitation, imagination, operation, application, explanation-ment argument, equipment, employment, agreement, arrangement, amusement-enceance evidence , confidence, existence, difference, importance, appearance-y

2、honesty, difficulty, poverty, reality, variety,-er reader ruler manager, follower,-or operator actor-ee employee trainee-th growth truth depth-ness happiness, illness, sickness, goodness, coldness, fitness,-ility possibility responsibility-al arrival, withdrawal, disposal, denial-age shortage, usage

3、, courage, leakage, marriage-ief belief, relief典型考題：1. We have been informed that the (equip) _ will be arriving here in ten days. 2. I sincerely thank you for your (invite)_ to the Industrial Exhibition3. I am sorry to learn that you have made no (improve) _ on the design at all. 4. The right side

4、of the brain controls our (imagine) _, our understanding of space and color. 5. There is a rapid increase in population in that country that has caused a food （short）_ . 6. I was told that Disney World is one of Floridas major (tour) _ attractions. 7. There has been a large (grow) _ of light industr

5、ies during these years. 8. There were only a few (survive) _ from the air-crash. 9. The committee expects to come to a (decide) _ within this week. 10. The boss has promised a wage increase for all the (employ) _.KEY1. equipment 2. invitation 3. improvement 4. imagination 5. shortage 6. tourist7. gr

6、owth 8. survivors 9. decision 10. employees2.形容詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：1.作定語，2.作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。3.形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)-ful beautiful wonderful careful,thoughtful,useful,-able acceptable reasonable,reliable,valuable,-less useless careless-ing willing annoying,entertaining-ive active creative attractive,effective,-ed pleased delig

7、hted-al traditional personal additional-ly friendly，lively, lovely，lonely, fatherly, costly,woodly3.副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1. adv.+v, v+adv.2. adv.+adj3. adv,+句子典型考題：1.He was (serious) _ injured in the accident. 2. “But why on earth did you agree to the proposal?” I asked (curious) _. 3.When she heard that her fath

8、er was (danger) _ ill, she burst into tears. 4That was (apparent) _ a careless mistake caused by the operator. 5. (Luck) _, the flood did not do much damage to the crops.6. The poor peasants were (heavy) _ taxed. 7. (person)_, I dont agree with you though we are good friends.KEY:1. seriously 2.curio

9、usly 3.dangerously 4.apparently 5.luckily 6.heavily7personaly 語法部分I.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種。一般時(shí)態(tài) 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在 do/does ， am/is/are doing， have/has done ， have/has been doing 過去 did ， was/were doing ， had done ， had been doing 將來 shall/will do， shall/will be doing ，shall/will

10、 have done， shall/will have been doing 過去將來 should/would do，should/would be doing， should/would have done， should/would have been doing 但其中大綱要求的主要有以下十種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1 表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，常與always, every day, never, often, usually, sometimes等頻度副詞連用；說話時(shí)

11、人和事物的特性或狀態(tài)；客觀真理等。I usually go to work at seven in the morning.Is there anything wrong with you? You look pale.The earth moves round the sun.I-ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play答案選D。本題干后一分句用了轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，并用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示自從新年以來一直沒用打過

12、乒乓球，由此排除選項(xiàng)A和C。空格處是指含現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。2 表示計(jì)劃或安排中的動(dòng)作。The train leaves for Guangzhou at 2:30 p.m.3.在(when)時(shí)間和(if)條件狀語從句中，表示一般將來時(shí)?？碱}1：-When will you come to see me, Dad?-I will go to see you when you _ the training course.A will have finished B. will finish C .are finishing D. finish考題2：China will be t

13、he largest market for automobiles in 20 to 25 years if the countrys economy _ to grow at the current rate.A. continues B. has continued C. continued D. has been continued答案選DA（二）一般過去時(shí)1 表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。My friend worked in Beijing for two years. He went to France last year.-You havent said a word about

14、my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?-Im sorry I _anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say答案是D。2 過去的習(xí)慣。When I was at college, I went to the library every afternoon.3.先后一連串動(dòng)作。The old lady went to the market ,bought some vegetabl

15、es and went home. 4.用于虛擬語氣 It is time we went home. (三)一般將來時(shí) 表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用1 Will / shall + do(1) 表示預(yù)見、意圖或用在疑問句中征詢聽話人的意見。He will be back soon.I shall / will send Mr.Zhang an e-mail tomorrow.Will you go to the cinema with me?It_ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A. will not b

16、e ; will know B. is ; will know C. will not be ; know D. is ; know答案選C。次題考查一般將來時(shí)在固定句型中的運(yùn)用。（2）表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣、需要，預(yù)測現(xiàn)在某事可能要發(fā)生，或者對(duì)將來的事情現(xiàn)在作出決定。Fish will die without water.Shall I help you?It is ten oclock. Mary will be in bed by now.-Which dress do you want?-Ill take the red one.2.其他形式：（1） be going to + do 表示計(jì)劃

17、、安排，或“最近將來”要發(fā)生的事情，還可以描述根據(jù)某種跡象表明將要發(fā)生的事情。We are going to have a party this evening.Look at the clouds. Its going to rain.(2) be + doing 表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I am leaving for London tomorrow.(3) be + to do表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；表示命令、禁止或可能性等。We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.(四) 過去將來時(shí)表示相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)間將要發(fā)

18、生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句中。 He warned us that the journey would be very dangerous.(五) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的情況。What is she doing now?2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的情況。Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change

19、答案選A.2 表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，通常只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken答案選A.(六) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Radios had just been invented then, and the people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.I was attending a me

20、eting this time yesterday.The reporter said that the UFO _ from east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel答案選A。（七） 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作This time on Saturday I shall be flying to Paris.2.有時(shí)可以表示預(yù)料不久將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，比一般將來時(shí)顯得客氣。A new film is on at the c

21、inema. Will you be seeing it?(八) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作。I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written答案選A。2. 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作，常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，多和一段時(shí)間狀語如since, so far, for a year, in recent years 等連用。 3.

22、表示將來，用于時(shí)間，條件等狀語從句中。I ll go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 4. “ This/ It is the first/ second time that.”句型中， 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the third time they havent come for the rubbish.(九) 過去完成時(shí)1.表示過去某一時(shí)間以前已完成的動(dòng)作，常于by, before 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。He had been in this college for five years before I c

23、ame to study.By the end of last month we had learned 2,000 English words. 2. 在 no sooner than, hardly, when 等句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，從句則用一般過去時(shí)。No sooner had I entered the classroom when the bell rung.3.在時(shí)間和條件從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。The doctor said the patient would sleep deeply for about twelve hours until the poison had

24、stopped doing its harm.4. think, hope, intend, mean, expect, want, plan等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)表示過去的愿望，打算，計(jì)劃等沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。 I had hoped to visit him, but I was too busy.這類動(dòng)詞和不定式連用時(shí)可以改為“過去式+不定式的完成式”。I hoped to have visited him, but I was too busy. (十) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去的 動(dòng)作，常與 for, since 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 I have

25、 been working at the factory for nearly twenty years. II.動(dòng)詞語態(tài)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，說明主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，稱為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，稱為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般形式（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)）經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在填空題中，較復(fù)雜的如非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)、短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)則多出現(xiàn)在選擇題中?？荚囍谐Ｒ娋湫停海?） be + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞（2） be +being + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞(被動(dòng)語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí))（3）

26、 have /had + been + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞典型考題：1. These pills should (keep) _out of the reach of children.2. When he arrived at the hospital, he asked worriedly who was _ (operate) on. 3. The house with the furniture (buy) _ for $50,000 last year.4.A new hospital (build) _ in our hometown now.5. If the medicine (ta

27、ke) _ in time, it will be quite effective. KEY:1.be kept 2 being operated 3 was bought 4 is being built 5 is takenIII.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是每次必考的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)基本要求的規(guī)定，大家必須掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：1條件從句中的虛擬語氣(1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反： 從句 If + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式 （be - were） 主句 主語+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 （2）與過去事實(shí)相反： 從句 if+主語+had+過去分詞主句 主語+should/would/co

28、uld/might+ have+過去分詞 (3)與將來事實(shí)相反： 從句 If+主語+were to +動(dòng)詞原形 / if+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形主句 省略+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形2.省略If的條件句中的虛擬語氣 當(dāng)條件句中出現(xiàn)were, should, had 等時(shí)，可以將If省略，把were, should, had 放在主語前面。3固定句式中的虛擬語氣 （1）demand, suggest, advise, propose 等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中； （2）It +be+ suggested/ demanded+ that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中； （3）I

29、t is +important/ necessary+ that從句中； （4）suggestion, proposal 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中； （5）lest（以防）， for fear that(惟恐)， in case（以防）引導(dǎo)的從句中； 這些從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是由should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可以省略。 （6） as if as though wish + 從句時(shí)，如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；如果表示 would rather 與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。 if only （7）Its high/ about time +從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞只能用過去時(shí)

30、。 （8）介詞短語可相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣，比如 without, but, but for, otherwise, 等。主句+would do(表對(duì)現(xiàn)在或者將來的虛擬) 主句+would have done（表對(duì)過去的虛擬）典型考題：1. Its high time we _ something to stop road accidents.A .did B .are doing C .will do D .do2. I didnt see your boss at the meeting. If he (come) _, I would have told him the new

31、s. 3. It is advised that we (sign) _ an agreement right after the discussion. 4. I suggested that he (refuse) _ the offer proposed by that company. 5. He talked as if he (do) _ all the work himself, hut in fact Tom and I did most of it. KEY:1.A 2.had come 3. (should) sign 4. (should) refuse 5.had do

32、neIV.非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞這幾種形式，它們在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語，可作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、主語、表語等。動(dòng)詞不定分為帶 to 的不定式和不帶 to 的不定式句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式一般表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生。典型考題：1._ the report, I handed it to John, but she said that George was the person to send it to. A. Having finished B. Being finishing C .Finishing D .To have fin

33、ished2._ from life pressure, many people have to go all out to work until they are tired out. A. Suffering B. To suffer C. Being suffered D. Having suffered3. “Susan. What would you say if we go to see the film tonight?”“Thank you, Tony. But I dont think it is worth _ twice.” A. seeing B. to see C.

34、see D .seen4. The most important thing in life is a great goal plus the determination (reach) _ the goal. 5. Im afraid you have been speaking too fast to make yourself (understand) _. KEY: 1.A 2.A 3.A 4 to reach 5 understood考試中常見句型（1） 不定式作主語時(shí)通常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)It + be +adj. + ( for sb. ) + to do （2） 不定式作定語時(shí)，放在被

35、修飾的名詞或代詞之后，常帶不定式作定語的名詞有： way, visit ,solution ,opportunity, effort, determination, etc.（3） 不定式與only連用表示未料到的結(jié)果。如：I went to see him only to find him out.（4） 一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中用不帶to不定式。如：had better, rather than, cannot but 等。（5） 有些詞只能接不定式作賓語。如：want, hope, pretend 等。（6） 連接副詞/代詞加不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： what to do, where to go 等。動(dòng)

36、名詞主要起名詞的作用在，在句中主要作主語，賓語， 表語等。 考試中常見句型（1） 有些動(dòng)詞后能接動(dòng)名詞，如： mind, avoid, enjoy 等。（2） 介詞接動(dòng)名詞作賓語（3） 某些句型中的動(dòng)名詞運(yùn)用。如：Its no use doing./ have difficulty doing sth. 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞主要起形容詞的作用，在句中作表語、定語、狀語等。兩者的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作已完成。在作表語或定語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞修飾物，過去分詞修飾人。熟記以上規(guī)律，在遇到分詞時(shí)，問題基本上可以迎刃而解。V.動(dòng)詞短語、情

37、態(tài)動(dòng)詞及主謂一致動(dòng)詞常和其他詞類一起構(gòu)成固定詞組，稱為短語動(dòng)詞。短語動(dòng)詞一般出現(xiàn)在選擇題中，主要考察考生所掌握的詞匯的深度和廣度，以及是否掌握了某些常用短語動(dòng)詞的含義及用法。因此考生平時(shí)應(yīng)熟知所學(xué)過的短語動(dòng)詞，熟練掌握基本要求中“詞匯表”所列短語動(dòng)詞的含義及用法。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞看似簡單，但做起來較難。在英語應(yīng)用能力考試中，主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成體的搭配。如：should + have + Ved 表示應(yīng)該發(fā)生卻沒有發(fā)生的事；must + have + Ved 表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測；could /might /may/can + have + Ved 表示對(duì)事情的推測，程度視情態(tài)動(dòng)詞而定。主謂一

38、致出現(xiàn)的頻率較低，平時(shí)稍加注意就可。典型考題：1. One of my foreign friends is looking forward to _ my country.A. visit B. visiting C. having visited D. be visiting2. It is thought to be a wise way to have some money _ for old age .A. put aside B. taken off C. given in D. set out 3. How many computers will the company _ th

39、is year?A. turn up B. turn out C. turn on D. turn over4. His grandmother brought him up, because his parents _ when he was only one year old.A. passed away B. passed out C. passed off D. passed over5. He told me that I _ be present at the ceremony.A. could B. would C. should D. might6. Mary has got

40、a full mark in the test. She _ C very hard all these days.A. will work B. may work C. must have worked D. could have workedKEY：BAB ACCVI.倒裝句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句 .倒裝句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句也是考試中的兩個(gè)常見項(xiàng)目。 考試中常見倒裝句句型 （1）Neither ,nor, so+ 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語 （2）Hardly, never, rarely 開頭引起的倒裝 （3）Not onlybut also; no soonerthan; hardly/scarcelywhe

41、n 等特殊句式引起的倒裝 （4）虛擬語氣中的倒裝 （前面虛擬語氣已講過） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型 It + be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/ who典型考題：1.It was in the lab taken charge of by Prof. Harvis _ they did the experiment.(2000-06-A)A. that B. when C. whom D. so 2. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. (2000-06-B)A. have I realized B.I have realized C

42、. did I realize D. I realized3. _ got in the wheat than it began to rain heavily. A. No sooner have they B. No sooner they have C. No sooner had they D. No sooner they had 4. It was in that small village _ our president was born. A. which B. when C. that D. as KEY: ACCCVII. 主從復(fù)合句 主從復(fù)合句主要出現(xiàn)在選擇題和翻譯題中，

43、是詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)中的難點(diǎn)，盡管所考項(xiàng)目均在初、高中涉及過，但因其面廣，故學(xué)生還是感到吃力。 考試中常見句型 （1） 主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、和同位語從句等名詞性從句 （2）定語從句中的非限定性定語從句及介詞 + which 從句 （3）時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句等狀語從句1. _ is known to all, China is a developing country. A. Which B. What C. As D. That 2. I never make a promise I dont intend to keep ,so when I say forever

44、, forever is _ I mean.A. where B. what C. how D. why 3. He suddenly left for Paris yesterday, _ was more than we had expected.A. that B. what C. which D. this 5. _ woke me up was a loud cry from someone in the next room. A. How B. That C. What D. ThisKEY: CBCC 重點(diǎn)談?wù)劧ㄕZ從句 基本知識(shí)精講 在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，也叫形容詞性從句。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和關(guān)系副詞 when, where and why。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞既起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，同時(shí)又擔(dān)任從句的主語、賓語、定語和狀語。在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞不能省略