英語人教版八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時教學設計(共4頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時教案設計學科英語學校德惠市第三中學教師谷瑞秋年級 八年四班知識點1.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成2.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別3.現(xiàn)在完成時中動詞延續(xù)性的用法教學目標1.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語+has/have +動詞過去分詞+其他.否定句：主語+has/have+not +動詞過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？Yes,主語+ has/have. No, 主語+has/have+not.2.掌握常用的現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的時間狀語.3.掌握常用瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：buyhave borrowkeep l

2、eave-be away go out-be out 教學重點1.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別.2.現(xiàn)在完成時中動詞的延續(xù)性.3.現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語.教學難點1.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別.2.現(xiàn)在完成時中動詞的延續(xù)性.教學過程一.復習預習1. 引入：I have read the book twice. Read 動作發(fā)生在過去.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)中have/has的作用：通過do/does的詞推導出have/has的用法.二.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成： 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延

3、續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)。肯定句：主語+has/have +動詞過去分詞+其他.否定句：主語+has/have+not +動詞過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？Yes,主語+ has/have. No, 主語+has/have+not. 三 .現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作 對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下四大標志詞可以 表達這種含義：（1）以already, just和yet為標志 already, just和yet表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng) ，剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。 He has

4、just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。 He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。（2）以ever和never為標志 ever和never表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。 He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。 He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。 This is the best film I have ever seen. （3）以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志 若某一動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次， 則要使用現(xiàn)在完

5、成時。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。 （4）以so far為標志 so far往往表示到目前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前為止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。 4.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手，進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時。 “終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換 英語中的動詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性兩種。

6、在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中一定要注意動詞這一特性，應將這類非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。如： “Cats” has been on for half an hour.貓已經(jīng)開演半個小時了。 How long have you had this dictionary?這本字典你買了多久了? 初中階段常見的有：comebe, go outbe out, leavebe away (from), beginbe on, buyhave, borrowkeep, joinbe a member / 介詞短語, diebe dead, becomebe, open (v.)be open (adj.) 等。 5.

7、 時間“點”、“段”須分清 過去開始的動作可以延續(xù)到某一點結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)，這時就要根據(jù)時間“點”、“段”選擇相應的介詞for或since。如： He has been away for two years. 他已走了兩年。(for +時間段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自從1992年以來他一直當英語教師。 (since +過去某一時刻) 6 . 現(xiàn)在完成時動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。1) I have studied English since last year. 我從去年開始學習英語。2

8、) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die和marry 等動詞所表示的動作是一時的, 不能延續(xù)的, 故不能與for , since 等開頭的表示一段時間的 狀語連用。7. 不能說: *She has come to Shanghai for two years. *She has bought that book for three weeks. *Her grandpa has died for nine mo

9、nths.可以說:She has been in Shanghai for two years. She has had that book for three weeks. Her grandpa has been dead for nine months.或者說：It is two years since she came to Shanghai. It is three weeks since she bought that book.It is nine months since her grandpa died. 8. 現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，一般過去時只限于表示

10、過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無關?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上的區(qū)別舉例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。 Father has gone to Shanghai. (He went to Shanghai and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去上海了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a d

11、ictionary and they have it now.) 他們買了一本字典。9. 在完成時句中常見的時間狀語A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn), 不能是具體的過去時間。( 1).for+表示一段時間的短語 ( 2).since+表示過去時間點的詞語 ( 3).since+表示過去時間的時間狀語從句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.B. just, already,

12、yet, before/ ever, never有此類副詞時,常強調(diào)動作完成,不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù).e.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.10.練習 1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001.

13、He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.1. I _heard of that story before.A. dont have B. not have C. have not D. not to have2. She s never been to that factory,_?A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she3. Have you made dumplings_? No, I havent.A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D.