自主學(xué)習(xí)1--答案

1、Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

2、 choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write the corresponding letter for each item in the blank. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.If youre struggling to drop pounds, finding out your personality traits ma

3、y help you make it easier. Whether youre the life of the party, a bookworm, or a night owl, your personality plays a 1)_ large role in your ability to slim down. Follow this guide to discover your personality type and use your own characteristics to lose weight.Being a little stuck on yourself may n

4、ot be such a bad thing when trying to lose weight. “Self-centered people 2)_to consider their own interests, which could lead them to better conserve their energy and have more willpower to make 3)_choices,” says Heidi Hanna, PhD, a performance coach. People-pleasers, on the other hand, may get over

5、ly stressed about helping everyone else and find themselves depleted(筋疲力盡的) at the end of the day. This often triggers 4)_ food choices, says Hanna. Instead, practice being more “selfish” in asking for what you want and sticking to it without feeling 5)_. Meet friends after your workout instead of 6

6、)_ your exercise plans, or ask them to join you.Outgoing people incline to allow stress to accumulate to the point thats known as “amygdala hijack(突發(fā)過激反應(yīng)),” says Hanna. This is where we 7)_ the more basic, primitive part of our brain versus our more human pre-frontal cortex(前額皮層). “The latter allows

7、 us to consider our long-term 8)_ and make healthier choices,” says Hanna. This pleasure-based eating has been shown to trigger an addictive response that often 9)_ to overeating high-calorie, high-fat comfort foods. “If you enjoy being the center of 10)_, try putting yourself in social situations t

8、hat dont involve food,” suggests Art Markman, PhD. Professor of psychology at the University of Texas.A) aspectB) attentionC) cancelingD) causesE) deepF) followingG) goalsH) guiltyI) healthyJ) leadsK) merelyL) poorM) surprisinglyN) utilizeO) tend15 MOILH 6-10 CNGJBSection BDirections: In this sectio

9、n, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the quest

10、ions by writing the corresponding letter in the blank.Your Password or Your PrivacyA) Matthew Breuer has shared the passwords to his computer, e-mail and social media accounts with every girlfriend hes ever had. Its a matter of convenienceshe can check his e-mail when he cant access it or get into h

11、is phone to change the song playing on the speakers. But its also symbolic.B) “I feel like its so much easier to live in a relationship where you know you have nothing to hide and are entirely honest about who you are and what youre doing,” he says. “Times in my life when Ive realized that something

12、 wasnt working in my relationship coincided with(與同時發(fā)生) times when I would be worried, Oh, do I really want to say this on Face-book to somebody else? Its such a red flag if theres something youre concerned about your partner seeing. That means theres some fundamental issue with your relationship be

13、yond privacy.” Breuer has most American couples on his side. According to a recent Pew study, 67% of Internet users in marriages or relationships have shared passwords to one or more of their accounts with their partner.C) Though we dont feel comfortable exchanging passwords with perhaps more trustw

14、orthy family members and long-term friends, we do feel comfortable exchanging access to our personal information with boyfriends and girlfriends. Its an exercise in trust, the logic goes. If you have nothing to hide, why would you want to hide your password? And, as Breuer points out, knowing someon

15、e may look over your shoulder can keep you honest.D) For Jasmine Tobie, seeing someone elses transgressions (越軌)via e-mail has saved her from a toxic relationship. After finding some receipts that proved her boyfriend was lying to her about being on a business trip one weekend, she decided to look a

16、t his e-mail to be sure before she pulled the plug on the relationship. “Once I found that I just had to have more evidence.” She didnt know his password, but was able to guess correctly using clues on his desktop. “He was still communicating with his exes. He had taken a trip to visit an ex and tol

17、d me it was a work trip. He was still signed up with dating sites and other hookup sites and actively communicating with those people I found some pictures of him and people he swore were friends in the act.” The two had dated for a year and lived together for about nine months. “:I was trying to fi

18、nd some way to give him the benefit of the doubt. In the end, it did clarify for me that he was not it for me at all and that there were issues I couldnt fix.” Tobie adds that those were extraordinary circumstances, and she wouldnt read someone elses e-mails again. She doesnt share passwords with he

19、r current boyfriend.E) In most circumstances, psychologists suggest keeping passwords private. “In relationships, we depend on each other for a lot of things, but its good and healthy to have some independence too,” says Kelly Campbell, PhD of Psychology. “The more you self-disclose, the happier you

20、 are. But the happiest couples have some degree of secrecy and privacy.” Unsurprisingly, sharing passwords can cause some serious problems during a relationship or after it ends.F) Rosalind Wiseman, author of Queen Bees and Vannabes, advises the teens she talks to for her research to not share passw

21、ords because “the relationships can change so quickly, and the emotions behind the breakups can be so strong.” She says that one high scholar she worked with was blind-sided when his ex-girlfriend found his phone. “She knew where he charged his phone during class and knew his password, so she went i

22、n and sent all sorts of texts to friends, to another girl he was talking toit really created a lot of problems for him.”G) Though one might assume that teens and 20-somethings are the ones foolishly sharing passwordsand suffering from the resulting dramathe survey found that the practice of password

23、-sharing is pretty equal across age groups, and that 18-29-year-olds were actually the least likely to share passwords. 64% of 18-29-year-olds share passwords, compared with 70% of 30-49-year-olds, 66% of 50-64-year-olds, and 69% of those over 65.H) And you dont have to be a teenager to have passwor

24、d problems with your significant other. Suzy, a 46-year-old mother, got into a dangerous situation years ago when her then-boyfriend started reading her e-mails. She hadnt given him her password, but one day she forgot to log out and he checked her e-mail. The couple had been on-again-off-again, and

25、 she hadnt told him that she had created an online dating profile while they were apart. She had since deleted the profile and deleted most of the e-mail exchanges with the man she met through the site. “But he went through all my e-mails, including ones that I had thrown away. He went into every fo

26、lder. He got really mad and basically attacked me,” she says. “I ended up having to call an ambulance.”I) Since, she says shes never even considered sharing passwords with a significant other. “I now have this paranoia(偏執(zhí)) where I wouldnt even share it even if I trusted someone. You never know whats

27、 going to upset someone,” she says. “I dont know if that makes me less trusting or just wiser.”J) Still, optimists like Breuer are undeterred (未受阻的)by such horror stories. Breure says he has always developed friendship with the girls he has dated before dating, and therefore felt they could be hones

28、t with one another. “I think sharing passwords honestly ends up affording you the privacy you want,” Breure says, pointing to a password etiquette that has developed between him and his partners in recent years. “Just because you tell somebody your password to things doesnt mean they actually end up

29、 looking through your stuff.” Breuer says hes never changed his password after a breakup since hes always trusted and respected those he has dated.K) Campbell says the best way to determine if youre ready to share passwords with your significant other is to check and see if youre on the same page. “

30、If you have any question in your mind, the answer is no,” says Campbell. “I would say that it should be reciprocal. You shouldnt be sharing something if your partner also didnt share itPeople are happiest when they have a match. You and your partner should be a match in that respect too.”11. We feel

31、 at ease sharing passwords with our partner, but not with our family members.12. Although couples are happier when they share more, the happiest couples dont share everything.13. Jasmine Tobie ended an unhealthy relationship after she found evidence of her boyfriends cheating.14. A middle-aged mothe

32、r was ever beaten by her then-boyfriend years ago after he read her e-mails.15. Teenagers are advised to keep their passwords private because the relationships are unstable and they may not have a good control over their emotions after breakups.16. Most American couples think that if there is someth

33、ing they don't want their partner to see on their social media, their relationship probably isnt working.17. Campbell holds that before you are determined to share your passwords, youd better make sure that you partner is ready too.18. According to a survey, 30-49-year-olds are the most likely t

34、o share passwords.19. Breuer shares his passwords with his girlfriends partly for conveniences sake.20. Some optimists believe that sharing passwords can eventually give them the privacy they want.11-15 CEDHF 16-20 BKGAJSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is follo

35、wed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter in the blank.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Though Ida Bauer was only 18 years old,

36、 she had come to Sigmund Freud suffering from coughing and speechlessness. Shes become depressed, even hinting at suicide. During one session, as he tried to help her uncover the source of her sickness, Freud observed Bauer toying with a small handbag. Interpreting the act as an expression of repres

37、sed desire, Freud concluded, “No mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his finger-tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.”Sometimes a handbag is just a handbag, but modern research does support the idea that secrecy can be a source of mental and physical distress.

38、 Keeping a secret requires constant effort. In one recent study, subjects asked to conceal their sexual orientation performed worse on a spatial ability task, reacted more rudely to criticism, and gave up sooner in a test of handgrip endurance. And the bigger the secret, the harder it is to keep. An

39、other study found that subjects asked to recall a meaningful secret perceived hills to be steeper and distances to be longer than those asked to recall a trivial secret. When researchers requested help moving books from their lab, the subjects harboring meaningful secrets lifted fewer stacks.All of

40、the mental exertion might actually wear a body down: researcher shows an association between keeping an emotionally charged secret and ailments ranging from the common cold to chronic disease. Other evidence in favor of disclosure included multiple studies showing that writing about a traumatic(令人痛苦

41、的) experience can boost the immune system, and the finding that teens who confide in a parent or close friend report fewer physical complaints and less delinquent behavior, loneliness, and depression than those who sit on their secrets.One reason secret keeping is such hard work is that secrets, lik

42、e unwanted thoughts, tend to take up more brain space the more one tries not to think about them. But not everyone is equally prone to this self-defeating cycle. Researchers have identified a small class of “repressors,” who experience fewer intrusive(妨礙的) thoughts about sensitive information they a

43、re suppressing, they may keep their secrets so tightly wrapped that they manage to hide them even from themselves.21. Whats the purpose of the first paragraph? A) To tell the story of Ida Bauer. B) To show us how Freud treated one of his patients. C) To introduce the topic of secret-keeping. D) To s

44、how the importance of observation in treatment.22. What does Freud mean by saying “betrayal oozes out of him at every pore”? A) A persons body movements can indicate that he is keeping secrets. B) If a person is a traitor, you can see it from every pore of him. C) It is important to observe the pati

45、ent carefully when he is treated. D) It is impossible to hide important information from others.23. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A) Keeping secrets can only cause mental discomfort. B) It is more difficult to keep a big secret than a small one. C) People who have meaningful secrets carry a

46、s many books as those who dont. D) Secret-keeping doesnt need constant effort.24. What does the author say about teenagers who tell their secrets to friends or parents? A) They reacted more rudely to criticism. B) They have less physical and emotional trouble. C) Their immune systems are enhanced. D

47、) They dont hide any secrets from themselves.25. The word “repressors”(Line 3, Para. 4) refers to people _. A) who keep secrets so well as if they didnt exist B) who are sensitive to the information they are keeping. C) who are easily influenced by unwanted thoughts. D) who often confide in families

48、 or friendsPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.People tend to have one of three beliefs about the meaning of work and which category you fall into largely depends on your parents, according to new research from the University of Michigan. Workers who are job-or

49、iented are those just trying to make a living who much prefer the activities they pursue outside of the office. Career-oriented adults-your typical “workaholic” - value the social status and prestige(聲望) that comes with professional achievement, and derive much of their identity from their jobs. Cal

50、ling-oriented people do work that they are passionate about because they want to have a positive impact on the world.In the first empirical（以實驗為依據(jù)的）study into how these orientations originate, researchers found that how adolescents（青少年）perceive their parents work ethic is central to the development

51、of their own work attitudes.Its not a straightforward transfer of values. People who perceive their father to have a strong career-orientation are more likely to be career-oriented themselves - but career-determined mothers have no effect on their kids work orientation. The researchers attributed th

52、is to generational gender norms. When the studys participants were teenagers, mostly in the 1980s, men were more commonly employed outside of the home and were more likely than women to hold “career” jobs with opportunity for advancement.Mothers do have a notable effect on whether children have a jo

53、b-orientation mentality. Adolescents who are close to their mothers are less likely to view work as just a job when they grow up, probably because theyve been raised to value social, rather than instrumental, life experiences.Having both parents display the same work ethic has an amplified（增強的） infl

54、uence, but only in the case of calling-oriented offspring（子女）. As our capitalist society favors money and professional achievement, a child with two calling-oriented parents is more likely to have the confidence to ignore these societal pressures and pursue her dreams.Children can affect their paren

55、ts work ethic, too. Allowing people to bring their children into the office has been shown to boost efficiency and productivity - and could help raise that next generation of career-oriented workers.26. What does the author say about a typical workaholic? A) They have low identification wi

56、th their job. B) They view their work only as a means of living. C) They believe their work will have a positive influence. D) They value the respect for what they do.27. What plays a vital part in the forming of teenagers work attitude? A) Their perception of their parents work ethic. B) Their grow

57、ing environment. C) The industries that their parents are in. D) Their role models.28. Why do career-oriented fathers have more influence than career-determined mothers on childrens work attitude? A) Because fathers have more authority than mothers in a family. B) Because children spent more time with fathers when they were teenagers. C) Because most of the participants fathers were more likely to have career jobs than their mothers. D) Because children perceive their fathers work attitude more strongly than their mothers.29. Why are childre