英語四級作文寫作技巧（課堂PPT）

1、1大學(xué)英語四級寫作技巧大學(xué)英語四級寫作技巧Lecture of Writing 2一、考核要求一、考核要求四四六級大學(xué)英語寫作考試時間均為六級大學(xué)英語寫作考試時間均為30分鐘，分值占總分鐘，分值占總分的分的15%。四級要求考生寫出一篇不少于四級要求考生寫出一篇不少于120詞的短文，試卷上詞的短文，試卷上可能可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫出段首句要求續(xù)寫;或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文?；蚪o出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。要求能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活

2、和一般常識。短文寫作部分寫作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識。短文寫作部分的目的是測試學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語書面表達(dá)思想的初步能力。的目的是測試學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語書面表達(dá)思想的初步能力。3二、大學(xué)英語四級作文評分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二、大學(xué)英語四級作文評分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首先，首先，卷面一定要清晰、干凈、整潔卷面一定要清晰、干凈、整潔。不要亂涂亂畫，若。不要亂涂亂畫，若有刪節(jié)，在文字的中間畫道橫線有刪節(jié)，在文字的中間畫道橫線第二，段落按要求寫，要求寫幾段就寫幾段。一般情況下，第二，段落按要求寫，要求寫幾段就寫幾段。一般情況下，中間一段長，開首段和結(jié)尾段較短中間一段長，開首段和結(jié)尾段較短，讓人第一感覺就是內(nèi)，讓人第一感覺就是內(nèi)容充

3、實(shí)。容充實(shí)。第三，第三，開好頭，結(jié)好尾開好頭，結(jié)好尾。第四，第四，按要求的字?jǐn)?shù)寫，可以比要求的字?jǐn)?shù)稍微多一點(diǎn)。按要求的字?jǐn)?shù)寫，可以比要求的字?jǐn)?shù)稍微多一點(diǎn)。字?jǐn)?shù)少了給人的感覺是缺乏內(nèi)容，字?jǐn)?shù)太多了，文章顯得字?jǐn)?shù)少了給人的感覺是缺乏內(nèi)容，字?jǐn)?shù)太多了，文章顯得繁瑣，分?jǐn)?shù)會受影響。繁瑣，分?jǐn)?shù)會受影響。4具體評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：具體評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：n2分分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，但條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，但多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。n5分分基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤?；厩蓄}。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。

4、n8分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。n11分分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚、文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。切題。表達(dá)思想清楚、文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。n14分分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚、文字通順，連貫性較好，基本上無語言切題。表達(dá)思想清楚、文字通順，連貫性較好，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯誤。錯誤，僅有個別小錯誤。n只寫一段者：只寫一段者：0 04 4分；只寫兩段者：分；只寫兩段者：0 09 9分分5部分考生在見到作文題，感到很對自己的胃口，覺得有很多內(nèi)部分考

5、生在見到作文題，感到很對自己的胃口，覺得有很多內(nèi)容要寫。千言萬語涌上心頭，寫著前一句想著后一句。往往前容要寫。千言萬語涌上心頭，寫著前一句想著后一句。往往前句尚未寫完便接上了后一句，寫了一大堆猶覺余意未盡。結(jié)果句尚未寫完便接上了后一句，寫了一大堆猶覺余意未盡。結(jié)果令判卷的老師頭疼不己，無法繼續(xù)往下看。令判卷的老師頭疼不己，無法繼續(xù)往下看。意識流創(chuàng)作有兩種表現(xiàn)：意識流創(chuàng)作有兩種表現(xiàn)：自由分段自由分段 語言雜亂語言雜亂三、英語寫作問題與對策三、英語寫作問題與對策一、一、 “意識流意識流”式寫作式寫作6我們不妨把作文的要求量化到每一個段落：一篇我們不妨把作文的要求量化到每一個段落：一篇120120詞

6、詞左右的作文一般左右的作文一般不超過不超過1212句話句話，把這，把這1212句話根據(jù)題目句話根據(jù)題目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大約只說那么幾句話，要求分配到各段中去，每一段大約只說那么幾句話，絕不多說。絕不多說。事實(shí)上往往是事實(shí)上往往是說得越多，錯誤越多說得越多，錯誤越多。因此，跟著提綱。因此，跟著提綱走，每一段不要寫得太多，走，每一段不要寫得太多，點(diǎn)到為止，見好就收點(diǎn)到為止，見好就收，這，這才是最穩(wěn)妥的對策。才是最穩(wěn)妥的對策。對策對策:7 7二、語言大于內(nèi)容二、語言大于內(nèi)容很多考生非要想出一個觀點(diǎn)，想出一個理由，想出一很多考生非要想出一個觀點(diǎn)，想出一個理由，想出一個措施，非要顯得與眾不同。

7、陷入這種境地的考生，個措施，非要顯得與眾不同。陷入這種境地的考生，顯然犯了一個根本性的錯誤。作文應(yīng)該在顯然犯了一個根本性的錯誤。作文應(yīng)該在2525分鐘之內(nèi)分鐘之內(nèi)完成，再用幾分鐘的時間檢查語言錯誤。完成，再用幾分鐘的時間檢查語言錯誤。不管原因也好，措施也好，都不是判卷老師所重視的。不管原因也好，措施也好，都不是判卷老師所重視的。規(guī)定式作文的拓展空間本來就非常有限，所以絞盡腦規(guī)定式作文的拓展空間本來就非常有限，所以絞盡腦汁構(gòu)思內(nèi)容是沒有必要的。汁構(gòu)思內(nèi)容是沒有必要的。8 8對策對策 ：寫作的三個角度：寫作的三個角度：n語言第一位語言第一位n結(jié)構(gòu)第二位結(jié)構(gòu)第二位n內(nèi)容第三位內(nèi)容第三位要求：要求：結(jié)

8、構(gòu)簡單，語言卓越，內(nèi)容只要相關(guān)即可結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，語言卓越，內(nèi)容只要相關(guān)即可9 9三、用詞貧乏，句式單一三、用詞貧乏，句式單一 許多考生的作文錯誤倒不多，相當(dāng)符合語法要求，但用詞貧乏，過多許多考生的作文錯誤倒不多，相當(dāng)符合語法要求，但用詞貧乏，過多使用如使用如more and more, I think, as you knowmore and more, I think, as you know等表達(dá)，并且句子結(jié)構(gòu)等表達(dá)，并且句子結(jié)構(gòu)過于簡單。過于簡單。統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明，統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明，差的作文中簡單句多，而好的作文簡單句少差的作文中簡單句多，而好的作文簡單句少；差的作差的作文從句、連詞、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的

9、頻率大大低于好的作文文從句、連詞、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的頻率大大低于好的作文；差的作文中差的作文中關(guān)鍵詞和同義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)的頻率低于好的作文關(guān)鍵詞和同義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)的頻率低于好的作文。用詞的豐富和句式的多。用詞的豐富和句式的多樣應(yīng)該主要通過多看好文章，仔細(xì)琢磨好文章中的用詞和句子來提高。樣應(yīng)該主要通過多看好文章，仔細(xì)琢磨好文章中的用詞和句子來提高。換句話說，也就是要從閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)寫作。換句話說，也就是要從閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)寫作。1010對策對策: : 少用垃圾詞匯少用垃圾詞匯n垃圾詞匯垃圾詞匯: helpful helpful 典型例句典型例句:Sth is helpful (to sb)n替代語替代語 conduci

10、ve有助于有助于 e.g Sth is conducive to sbn垃圾詞匯垃圾詞匯:thinkthink 典型例句典型例句:i think - -n替代語替代語deem， harbor the idea that n垃圾詞匯垃圾詞匯: because because 典型例句典型例句:xxx because xxxn替代語替代語 in that/in as much asn垃圾詞匯垃圾詞匯: aboutabout 典型例句典型例句:it is about 250 times of thatn替代語替代語 it is approximately -n垃圾詞匯垃圾詞匯: if ifn替代語替

11、代語provided，supposing11Compare the Following SentencesnWe use different ways to get to know the society.nWe make use of various methods to get to know the society.nWe take advantage of diverse means to get to know the society.1212四級考生在措詞方面存在的問題：四級考生在措詞方面存在的問題：1 1、可供、可供“調(diào)遣調(diào)遣”的詞匯量貧乏，局限于中學(xué)詞匯。的詞匯量貧乏，局限于中

12、學(xué)詞匯。比如，我們一提到比如，我們一提到“重要的重要的”大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到“importantimportant”這個單詞這個單詞它的如下同義詞：它的如下同義詞：significant, vital, crucial, significant, vital, crucial, criticalcritical， etcetc13132 2、表達(dá)相近意義時，常重復(fù)用一個詞，用詞單調(diào)。、表達(dá)相近意義時，常重復(fù)用一個詞，用詞單調(diào)。比如，我們一提到比如，我們一提到“大大” 大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到“bigbig”這個單詞這個單詞 它的如下同義詞：它的如下同義詞：g

13、reat, large, huge, vast, great, large, huge, vast, enormous enormous etc.四級考生在措詞方面存在的問題：四級考生在措詞方面存在的問題：1414策略策略 1 1、調(diào)動大學(xué)期間學(xué)過的更生動，更豐富的詞匯。、調(diào)動大學(xué)期間學(xué)過的更生動，更豐富的詞匯。Eg. Eg. 引起、導(dǎo)致引起、導(dǎo)致 Cause, lead to, result in, bring about, Cause, lead to, result in, bring about, give rise/birth togive rise/birth to15152 2、

14、用具體，生動，有針對性的詞語。、用具體，生動，有針對性的詞語。Eg. Eg. 利用利用 Use, make use of, Use, make use of, make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, use of sth, take (full) advantage oftake (full) advantage of策略策略 16163 3、文中如需要多次表達(dá)同一詞義時，以同義詞，、文中如需要多次表達(dá)同一詞義時，以同義詞，近義詞等避免重復(fù)使用同一

15、詞。近義詞等避免重復(fù)使用同一詞。Eg. Eg. 適應(yīng)適應(yīng)Adapt to, adjust to, makefit, get used Adapt to, adjust to, makefit, get used to, be accustomed toto, be accustomed to策略策略 17n1. people, persons的替換詞的替換詞: individuals, characters, folks n2. good的替換詞的替換詞: positive, favorable, rosy (美好美好的的)，promising (有希望的有希望的)，perfect, plea

16、surable , excellent, outstandingn3. bad的替換詞的替換詞: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的有害的) 如果如果 bad 做表語，可以有做表語，可以有 be less impressive 代替代替 24個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞1818neg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their do

17、rms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 24個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞1924個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞n4. many的替換詞的替換詞: an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , many if not most. nEg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.n5. some的替換詞的替換詞: a

18、 slice of, quiet a few , severaln 6. thing的替換詞的替換詞: affair, business ,matter2020n7. think的替換詞的替換詞: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged thatn8. common的替換詞的替換詞: sharedn9. get much benefit的替換詞的替換詞: reap huge fruitsn1

19、0. in my opinion的替換詞的替換詞: for my part ,from my own perspective 24個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞21n11. more and more的替換詞的替換詞: increasingly, growing 當(dāng)修飾名詞時用當(dāng)修飾名詞時用 increasing/growing. n修飾形容詞，副詞用修飾形容詞，副詞用 increasingly n注意沒有注意沒有g(shù)rowingly 這種形式這種形式. nEg. sth has gained growing popularity. n sth is increasingly popular. n12

20、 helpful的替換詞的替換詞:benefitial rewardingn13. very的替換詞的替換詞: exceedingly,extremely24個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞22n14. cause的替換詞的替換詞: give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger n15. reasons for sth的替換詞的替換詞: there are several reasons behind sthn16. want 的替換詞的替換詞: desiren17. pay attention to的替換詞的替換詞: pour attention inton18

21、. remember的替換詞的替換詞: bear in mind that24個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞2323n19. sb be interested in sth的替換詞的替換詞: sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb n20. attract ones attention的替換詞的替換詞: capture ones attentionn21. have的替換詞的替換詞: enjoy, possess24個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞2424n22. communication的替換詞的替換詞: interact

22、ionn23. be against, disagree with sth 的替換詞：的替換詞：frown on sthn24. for example 的替換詞：的替換詞： to name only a few, as an example24個經(jīng)典替換詞個經(jīng)典替換詞2525善用詞組善用詞組 如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會顯得與眾不同，更具有英語的味道。那么文章就會顯得與眾不同，更具有英語的味道。比如上面所說的比如上面所說的“重要的重要的”這個單詞，當(dāng)我們想到這個單詞，當(dāng)我們想到importantimp

23、ortant的時候，如果從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們的時候，如果從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會想到會想到“be of importancebe of importance”。因?yàn)椋Z法中規(guī)定：形容詞。因?yàn)?，語法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于等于ofof加這個形容詞的名詞形式。加這個形容詞的名詞形式。如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個常用的詞組如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個常用的詞組“play an play an important role in-important role in-”-”。四級寫作中如何造句四級寫作中如何造句2626句型多樣句型多樣簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句交替使用，靈活使用各種句簡單句，

24、并列句和復(fù)合句交替使用，靈活使用各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)如：子結(jié)構(gòu)如：插入語，倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，非謂語動詞，插入語，倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，非謂語動詞，疑問句疑問句等。等。若要寫好作文，要寫好句子，首先要掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和若要寫好作文，要寫好句子，首先要掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句式變化及句子類型，可通過對泛讀課文經(jīng)典句子的句式變化及句子類型，可通過對泛讀課文經(jīng)典句子的背誦提高應(yīng)用語言基本句型的能力。背誦提高應(yīng)用語言基本句型的能力。Imitation is a good way to learn.Imitation is a good way to learn.2727適當(dāng)用代替主動，這樣能更客觀的反映事實(shí)適當(dāng)用代替主動，這樣能更

25、客觀的反映事實(shí), ,句子開頭不要句子開頭不要總是用總是用we / I (we / I (比如不用比如不用 we should pay attention we should pay attention toto 而用而用 Attention should be paid to.Attention should be paid to. ) )In a word, the local government should take In a word, the local government should take effective measures to solve the problem.e

26、ffective measures to solve the problem.It is, therefore, high time that some applicable It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the local approaches were implemented by the local government like ernment like that. 被動句以及倒裝句被動句以及倒裝句28n近些年媒體曝光了很多食品安全問題近些年

27、媒體曝光了很多食品安全問題nOver the past couple of years，several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media. n應(yīng)采取及時和嚴(yán)格的措施來阻止某一趨勢應(yīng)采取及時和嚴(yán)格的措施來阻止某一趨勢nPrompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend. n五分之一的學(xué)生擁有信用卡而且數(shù)字還在上升五分之一的學(xué)生擁有信用卡而且數(shù)字還在上升nIndeed，one out of five students

28、 is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card，and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase.被動句以及倒裝句被動句以及倒裝句2929寫作的寫作的“四化四化”：a. 語言準(zhǔn)確化語言準(zhǔn)確化 b. 語言多樣化語言多樣化 c. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰化結(jié)構(gòu)清晰化 d. 內(nèi)容簡單化內(nèi)容簡單化30主題主題提綱提綱寫作寫作 寫作部分寫作部分Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.1.一次性塑料袋曾被廣泛的使用一次性塑料袋曾被廣泛

29、的使用2.2.造成的問題造成的問題3.3.限制使用的意義限制使用的意義3 paragraphsMore than 120 wordsTopic sentencesDisposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without t

30、hem seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth

31、 and water. Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result

32、, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment. 32uRecently, the problem of has aroused peoples conc

33、ern. uInternet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. uRecently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. uInflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is ye

34、t another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.Beginning33uPeoples views on vary from person to person. Some hold that . However, others believe that. uAttitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. uThere are different opinions among people as to People may hav

35、e different opinions on uDifferent people hold different attitudes toward (failure). Different opinions34uAs far as something is concerned, . uIt was obvious that uIt may be true that, but it doesnt mean that uIt is natural to believe that , but we shouldnt ignore that uThere is no evidence to sugge

36、st that Incorrect opinions35uFrom my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. uI cannot entirely agree with the idea that uPersonally, I am standing on the side of uI sincerely believe that uIn my opinion, it is more advisable to do than to do. uFinal

37、ly, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why Your opinions36uThis phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. uWhy did ? For one thing For another. Perhaps the primary reason is uI quite agree with the statement that the reasons are chiefly as follows. The reasons37uHere are some suggestions for handling uThe best way to solve the troubles is uPeople have figured out many ways to solve this problem. Solutions38uThe primary reason is/ to be