形容詞副詞與時(shí)態(tài)專題

1、V形容詞和副詞及其比較結(jié)構(gòu)和特殊用法1. 形容詞層迭修飾時(shí)的順序 : 縣官行令殺國才e.g. a charming big round old black Italian oak writing desk2. 副詞1） 兼有兩種形式的副詞的不同意義和用法Clean/ cleanly, clear/ clearly, close/ closely, dead/ deadly, direct/ directly, easy/ easily, fair/ fairly, firm/ firmly, free/ freely, high/ highly, just/ justly, late

2、/ lately, sharp/ sharply2) 副詞在詞組中可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、限定詞、名詞，大多作前置修飾語，但enough 例外e.g. She cooks well enough. He didnt run fast enough.3) hardly/ barely/ scarcely：三個(gè)詞在意義上都接近于否定。l Hardly 著重于強(qiáng)調(diào)某種困難，scarcely 含有“幾乎沒有，接近最低限度, 不足”的意思，兩者都可與any, ever, at all 連用：He has hardly any money. /I hardly ever go out. /There

3、were scarcely twenty people there. (那兒連20個(gè)人都沒有)l Barely 意為“僅僅，幾乎不能”： She was barely 15 when she won her first championship.4） nearly/ almost/ quite/ ratherl almost強(qiáng)調(diào)“差一點(diǎn)就”（=very nearly）,可用于no, none, nothing等前面，但不能用not修飾； nearly表示“接近”，?？膳calmost換用，not修飾nearly 意為“遠(yuǎn)非”，“遠(yuǎn)不及”。 e.g. Almost no one (=Hardly

4、anyone) believes her. There is not nearly enough (much too little) food for all these people. l 在非正式語體中，quite, rather 等程度副詞可做前置修飾語，修飾整個(gè)名詞詞組:e.g. It takes quite some time. Thats quite a story. Shes rather a fool.3. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)1） asas: the same asalmost/ just/ nearly asasas many+pl. n+as, as much+U+as, as ad

5、j. a/an+ singl. n+ashalf/ twice/ three times asas （the size/number/price of）e.g. She has written as many essays as her brother (has). He took as much butter as he needed. I dont want as expensive a car as this. She gave me twice the number of cards I asked for. 2) not so muchasIt wasnt so much his a

6、ppearance I liked as his personality. (與其說不如說)It wasnt so much that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested. 3) 含有than的結(jié)構(gòu)a. 比較同一類事物時(shí)，要用other 把其排除在其他同類事物之外e.g. The film is much more interesting than all the other ones. b. 除了表示比較含義之外，morethan結(jié)構(gòu)還有另外的含義:He is more a scholar than a businessman. (H

7、e is a scholar rather than a businessman.)c. no more than: 僅僅； 和一樣都不 (no better than; no richer than; no bigger than; no later than, etc.) I am no more than 30 this year. = Im only/ just 30 this year. Mary is no more beautiful than Jane. 瑪麗和珍一樣都不漂亮。 Water is no more solid than gold is liquid. 就像金子不是

8、液體一樣，水也不是固體。l not more than: 至多，不超過； 不比更 I am not more than 30 this year. = I am at most 30 this year. Mary is not more beautiful than Jane. 瑪麗沒有珍漂亮。l no morethan (= notany more than ) A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鯨不是魚，如同馬不是魚一樣。l 單獨(dú)使用more than 表示否定：That is more than I can tell. 4) the

9、morethe more, 表示兩個(gè)過程按比例同時(shí)遞增。1. The patients progress was very encouraging as he could get out of the difficulties. (2001)A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. barely2. -Does Alan like hamburgers? -Yes. So much that he eats them almost every day. (2003)A. for B. as C. to D. so3. That trumpet player was ce

10、rtainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent. (2004)A. so much asB. rather thanC. as D. than4. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a full-loaded truck, _ to the truck. (2004)A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD

11、. the greater the stress 5. It was _ we had hoped. (2006)A more a success than B a success more than C as much of a success as D a success as much as6. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not_ for her work. (2006)A enough good B good enough C as good enough D good as enough7. There are as good

12、 fish in the sea _ever came out of it. （2007）A. than B. like C. as D. so 8. It is not _much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2007) A. that B. as C. so D. very 9. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _a threat to the

13、human race than environmental destruction. (2007) A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more 10. What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean? (2008) A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money. B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner. C. He was short of mon

14、ey and didn't want to buy anything. D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money. 11. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St. Peter's in Rome. (2008)A. / B. that of C. which is D. of 12. A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one. (2009)A. the p

15、rice of three times B. three times the priceC. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price13. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete " _ everybody came"? (2009)A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost14. He feels that he is not yet _ to travel

16、 abroad. (2010) A. too strong  B. enough strong  C. so strong  D. strong enoughADADC, BCCBD, ABBDVI動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)l 用于條件或時(shí)間狀語從句，表示將來時(shí)間e.g. If it rains tomorrow, well have to cancel the picnic.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1）常與always, continually, constantly, forever 等副詞連用，表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表達(dá)說話人不滿、厭煩、抱怨等情緒：e.

17、g. He is always putting us in trouble.My mum is always complaining that we are not so obedient.2) 表示計(jì)劃安排中近期即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 （句中要有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語）e.g. We are having a meeting to discuss your problem tomorrow. Im leaving for New York tomorrow morning.3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1） 常與下列狀語連用： already, yet, ever, never, scarcely, lately, re

18、cently, up to the present, up till now, in the past few yearsl 還與for和 since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。與for連用時(shí)完成式動(dòng)詞必須是延時(shí)動(dòng)詞，而不能是瞬間動(dòng)詞(ask, begin, buy, come, decide, go, hear, lose, meet, recover, return, see, stop, talk, visit)。2) It/ This/ That is the first (second, third) time that It/ This/ That is the only It/ This

19、/ That is adj. adv. 最高級(jí)形式e.g. It is the first time (that) I have heard this strange thing!This is the third time he has drunk beer.It is the only time Ive seen him.That is the most interesting book Ive ever read.3) 用于表示將來的條件和時(shí)間狀語從句中，表明從句動(dòng)作的完成先于主句中的動(dòng)作: Ill return the book as soon as I have finished i

20、t. He wont have a rest until he has finished his homework.4. 過去完成時(shí): hardly/ scarcelywhen, no soonerthane.g. I had hardly got home when he came. We had no sooner finished cleaning the house than mum came back.5. 將來時(shí)1） be going to/ will：表示“意圖”，“預(yù)見”（be going to 以已有跡象為根據(jù)，某事即將發(fā)生）e.g. Look at those black

21、clouds! Its going to rain.2） be to a. 按照計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作e.g. We are to have a meeting this afternoon The Queen is to visit China next month.b.表示命令、禁止或可能性等: e.g. The book is not to be taken away3) 當(dāng)要強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某件事時(shí)，用be about to來表示。6被動(dòng)語態(tài)1）feel, smell, taste, look等感官動(dòng)詞以及write, wash, read, cut, sell等動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)

22、的含義e.g. The pen writes well./ The milk smells sweet.2) 在動(dòng)詞want, need, desire, require, deserve 和介詞worth 之后，直接用動(dòng)名詞的形式表示被動(dòng)e.g. My watch needs repairing. The house is worth buying.1. For some time now, world leaders _ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. (2002)A. had been pointingB. have

23、been pointingC. were pointing D. pointed2. The experiment requires more money than . (2002)A. have been put in B. being put in C. has been put in D. to be put in3. Jack _ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (2003)A. has been missing B. has been missedC. had been

24、 missing D. was missed4. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _ until yesterday. (2005)A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came5. _ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005)A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I

25、 have been and always will be6. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005)A. betrayed; take B. had betrayed; tookC. has betrayed; took D. has betrayed; take7. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend. (2006)A has found B was findi