非謂語動詞經(jīng)典用法講解與練習(xí)

1、非謂語動詞經(jīng)典用法講解與練習(xí)命題規(guī)律1. 考查立意較低,主要考查的是非謂語的一些最基本的用法。但是,題目的設(shè)置注 重了情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化,加大了考生對題干句的理解難度。2.設(shè)問的角度呈現(xiàn)出多樣化趨勢,不僅僅是非謂語間的互相干擾。命題趨勢不容置疑, 高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對非謂語動詞的考查, 試題的特征將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)出 情景化 和 設(shè)問角度的多樣化 的趨勢,但試題的難度將會有所控制。解題思路 解析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定設(shè)空在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)墓δ?如狀語、定語或賓補(bǔ); 找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動詞的邏輯主語, 確定該動詞與邏輯主語是什么關(guān)系 (主動還是被動 ; 搜索句子中相關(guān)的時間信息,確定非謂語動詞的恰當(dāng)形式; 將該選項置入空中, 看

2、是否能夠做到字從意順, 或是否能傳達(dá)有效信息、 完成交 際任務(wù)。分詞、不定式作賓補(bǔ)用法要點一、分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別1.感官動詞 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞 have 后 面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式,hear + 賓語 +do (表主動和完成 hear +賓語 +doing (表主動或正在進(jìn)行 hear +賓語 +done (表被動或完成 如I heard Kevin an English song just now.(sing I heard KevinI heard the English son

3、g注意:不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表完成和狀態(tài)。如:狀態(tài) 完成 EXERCISE:1、 I saw him _(change the wheel of his car yesterday.我看見他在換汽車輪 子。 (意味著我看到了整個動作過程 2、 I saw him _(changethe wheel of his car when I arrived at his house.我看 見他換汽車輪子。 (可能意味著我只看到動作過程的一部分 3、 I saw the wheel of his car_( change by a boy just now.4、 I saw him_ ( run

4、down the street. 我看見他沿著街跑。5、 I felt an ant_ ( climb over my leg. 我感到一只螞蟻正在我的腿上爬。 6、 Suddenly I noticed her_( stand outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外邊。7、 When we went home, we found the door _ (lock.8、 We can hear the windows _(beat by the heavy rain drops.9、 They felt themselves _(cheat.10、 The American Chinese

5、is amazed to find his hometown greatly _(change. 11、 I could hear the girls _(sing in the classroom when I entered the classsroon. .我能聽到女孩們在教室里唱歌。12、 I have never heard the song _(sing in my school.13、 In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海卷 A.

6、chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased14 After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voicehim. (2007上海 春 A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call15、 He was seen _( cross the road yesterday.(整個過程 有人看見他穿過馬 路。16、 He was seen_( cross the road (正在進(jìn)行的動作 有人看見他在穿過 馬路。17、

7、 The missing boys were last seen_( play near the river.2. leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時,其中的 leave 保留了原來之義 留下 ,但表達(dá)的 確切之義應(yīng)是 使 處于某種狀態(tài)。leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事(賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示動作正在 進(jìn)行。leave sth. undone 留下某事未做 (賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是動賓關(guān)系, 表示被動和完成, 一 般以 undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多l(xiāng)eave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leav

8、e sth. to be done 留下某事要做(不定式表示將來的動作。如:Its wrong of you to leave the machine _(run.The guests left most of the dishes _(untouch, because they didnt taste delicious. He left, leaving me _(doall the rest work.We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.3. have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時,其中

9、 have, get 表示 使、讓、叫 之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done 使 /讓某事由別人去做 (叫 /讓某人做某事。如Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外, have sth. done 還表示 使遭受 之意。如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使 /讓某人 /物持續(xù)地做某事(

10、現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,正在進(jìn)行 get sb. / sth. doing 使某人 /物開始行動起來如:The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后,上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)起來。注意:have sb. doing 若用于否定句中,其中 have 有 容忍 之意。如:I wont have you speaking to your parents

11、 like that.Dont have the water running all the time. 不要讓水流個不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. 使 /讓 /叫某人去做某事如:Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me.EXERCISES:1, H e managed to get the task_(finish on time. 他設(shè)法按時完成了任務(wù) 。 2, T he direct

12、or got her assistant _some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全國 II 卷 A. picked up B. picks up C.to pick up D. picking up,3, J enny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period. (2007福建卷 A. improved B. improving C. to improve . improve,4-Good morning. Can I

13、 help you?-I'd like to have the package_(weigh , madam.5 , T he director had her assistant _some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全國 II 卷 A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up6 M y parents have always made me _about myself, even when I was twelve.(2007江蘇卷 A. feeling well B. feeling goo

14、d C. feel well D. feel good7 They use computers to keep the traffic _smoothly. (2009全國 II 卷 A. being run B. run C. to run D. running8 Sorry I kept you_( wait a long time.9 They shut the door and left leaving the fire_(burn. have +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。 精練用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. A computer does only what thinking peop

15、le have it _(do.2. Who did you have_(paint the wall yesterday?3. The villagers are going to have a new bridge _(build over the river.4.We had the machine _(mend just now.5.The patient is going to have his temperature _(take.6.She had her money _(steal when she got on the bus.7.I won't have you _

16、(say so.8.Dont have the dog_( bark much, Lilin. 李林,別讓狗狂吠不停。9. Im leaving .Do you have anything _( say?10.She is going to attend an important meeting ,but she has no clothes_ (wear.11.The poor woman had a small room _(live in.12.We have a lot of money .Do you have anything_( worry about?13." Do

17、you have any clothes _(wash?,Sir" asked the maid(女仆 .14 、 I cant go swimming today, for I have so many clothes _(wash. 15. They might just have a place _ on the writing course-why dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave二、下列動詞后跟帶 to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause,

18、 encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如: An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.

19、The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)小竅門下列動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶 to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語,但在被動語態(tài)中要加上 to :它們是 吾看三室兩廳一感覺 5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe; 3使 (make, let, have; 2聽(listen to, hear; 1感覺(fell 。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分 詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語(5+3+2

20、+1-2+4:即以上動詞除 let, make 外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作 賓語補(bǔ)足語,此外 find, catch, keep, have 也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:At that time, I found him crying in the street.He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.四 with 結(jié)構(gòu)過去分詞用在 “with+賓語 +賓補(bǔ) ” 這一結(jié)

21、構(gòu)翻譯下列句子1. The farmers walked to the field with hoes on their shoulders.2. My father was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.3. The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.4. Tom is working there with only a shirt on.5. We slept last night with the lights on.6. John left the room with the wi

22、ndows open.7. My brother rushed into the classroom, with sweat dripping.8. The artist is working with his hair tied back.9. The stranger is standing there with his eyes looking at me.10.She stood there with his eyes fixed on me.用所給詞的正確形式填空11.In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _(point a

23、t another person.12.He lay there with his eyes _(look at the sky.13.The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes _(fix on the blackboard.14.The thief was brought in with his hands_(tied back.15.With all these mouths_(feed , he didnt know what to do.16. With time _( go by, we understand

24、more and more.17.The teacher came in _.(手里拿著一些教科 書18.It is a beautiful village with a mountain_ it.A. surrounded B. surrounding C. having surrounded D. having been surrounded 19.With so much work_(do, he felt upset.20. With a lot of problems_( deal with, the new president has a hard time. 21.With al

25、l the problems_( settle, the president felt at ease.22. With so many friends_( care about me , I feel very happy.23.The thief was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tired D. tied Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so muc

26、h work _my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建 卷 A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 不定式、分詞作定語用法要點一、不定式作定語1. 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞, 或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動 作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.Here

27、is some paper for you to write on.但是,不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time, place 或 way 時,不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上 省去。如:He had no money and no place to live (in.We found a way to solve this problem (in.2. 當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時, 不定式既可以 用主動語態(tài),也可用被動語態(tài),但其含義有所不同。試比較:Have you anything to send ? 你有什么東西要寄嗎? (不定式 to send 的動作執(zhí)行者是 你 Ha

28、ve you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要(我或別人寄的東西嗎?(不定式 to be sent 的動作執(zhí)行者是 我 或 別人 3.用不定式作定語的幾種情況:不定式表將來:I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或 no, all, any 等限定的中心詞。如:He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.Women and childr

29、en were the first to get into the lifeboats.用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時,常見的有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如:Do you have the ability to read and write English ?I have a chance to go sight seeing.二、分詞作定語1.作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為:V ing; being + 過去分詞;當(dāng)

30、被修飾的名詞與分 詞為主動關(guān)系時,用 V ing ;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時, 用 being + 過去分詞;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表完成時,用過去分詞。 例如:The houses being built are for the teachers.The broken glass is Toms.I have never seen a more moving movie.2.作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為:V ing 和過去分詞。 V ing 表示正在進(jìn)行; 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如:falling leaves 正落的葉子 fallen leaves 落下的葉子

31、boiling water 正沸騰的水 boiled water 沸騰過的水(白開水三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別這三種形式作定語,主要是體現(xiàn)在動作的發(fā)生時間上。過去分詞表示的動作或是在 謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生,或是沒有一定的時間性。如:Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?He is a man loved and respected by all.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 現(xiàn)在

32、分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時 發(fā)生。如:Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students.不定式的被動式作定語時,表示一個未來的動作。如:The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 非謂語動詞作定語練習(xí)( 1. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying( 2.

33、You will see this product in this factory advised wherever you go. A.making B.is made C.is making D. made( 3. - Whats the language _ in New Zealand?- English.A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak( 4. There are many people _ to buy cars in the modern world.A. want B. wanted C. wanting D. to

34、want( 5. The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.A. produced B. producingC. to produce D. which produced( 6. - What are on show in the museum?- Some pictures _ by the Africans.A. drawing B. drawn C. drew D. were drawn( 7. What is the best way do you think _ the wild animals?A. protecting B.

35、to protectingC. protected D. to protect ( 8There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise.A . following B . to follow C . followed D . followed by( . A . discussed B . to discussC . to be discussed D . discussing( 10. The words _ with “L” arent easily forgotten.A. starting B. startedC. to start

36、D. whose starting( 11. Have you got anything _?A. to open the box B. opening the box withC. opening the box D. to open the box with( 12. - Hello, what are you reading?- A book _ by Bill Gates.A. writing B. writtenC. to write D. which written( 13. Yesterday I heard a story _ by my friend.A. told B. t

37、elling C. to tell D. tell( 14. Is there any time _ to the museum?A. going B. to go C. goes D. gone鏈接高考(福建卷 33。 Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat(湖南卷 26. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown downC. blowing do

38、wn D. to blow down(江西卷 28. We finished the run in less than half the time _.A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows(浙江卷 13. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found上海卷 33. If there is a lot of work _, I'm happy to just

39、 keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doingC. done D. doing不定式、動名詞作賓語用法要點一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語,請牢記下列小詩:決心學(xué)會想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃,同意請求幫一幫。Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help此外, afford, strive(斗爭

40、等也要用不定式作賓語。例如: She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語,請牢記下列小詩:考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避

41、免錯過繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成停欣賞,不禁介意 準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk此外 be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote t

42、o, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (無法忍受 , give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in, have difficulty / trouble (in, have a good / wonderful /hard time (in等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。 The squirrels was lucky that they just missed being caught

43、. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語,也可以跟不定式作賓語,但意義上有 區(qū)別,要特別注意。1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事 remember to do sth. 記住去做某事 remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事 regret to do s

44、th. 后悔 /遺憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情 try to do sth. 努力 /試圖做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事mean to do sth. 意欲 /想 /企圖做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事go on to do sth. (做完某事 接著做另一件事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事 (=go on with sth.cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 cant help doi

45、ng sth. 情不自禁地做某事 2.動詞 like, love, prefer 后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可 用動名詞,如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注意:如果 like, love, prefer 前 有 would /should 后面則應(yīng)接動詞不定式。如:I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.Id like to go swimming this weekend.3. 在動詞 allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語, 如果后面有名詞 或代詞

46、作賓語,其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即:allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.如:We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.4.動詞 need, require, want 作 需要 解時,其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式 的被動形式作賓語, 表示事情需要做。 這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。 be worth 后必須用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。 此外, 若動詞 need 表

47、 需要 , require 表 要求 , want 表 想要 這些意義時,其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語,然后接不定式作 賓語補(bǔ)足語。即:need / require / want doing / to be doneneed / require / want sb. to do sth.be worth + n. (表示錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的名詞 be worth doing be worthy of being donebe worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done如:The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.The

48、 window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.窗戶需要擦一下。The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy of a visit.The place is worthy of being visited.The place is worthy to be visited.那個地方值得一去。如: only one of these books is worth reading. What do you think of the book ? Oh, excellent, Its worth read

49、ing a second time.四、動詞不定式作動詞 tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out等詞的賓語時, 前面常帶 wh 引導(dǎo)詞。 即 how, what, whether, where, when, who等 + to do。但 why +不帶 to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致, 否則用賓語從句。 例如:He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us

50、 how we should do the work.I dont know what to do. ( = I dont know what Ill do.Can you tell me why do it ?五、動詞不定式在介詞 but, other than后面時,如果介詞之前有行為動詞 do 的某 種形式, 那么介詞后的不定式不帶 to , 否則就要帶 to 。 另外在 cant choose but, cant help but, cant but后面的不定式也要省略 to 。如:We could do nothing but / other than wait.We had not

51、hing to do but / other than wait.We have no choice but to wait.I cant choose but laugh.Exercises1. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _. A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused2. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vac

52、ation.A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold3. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported4. - Does your brother intend to learn German?- Yes, he intends _.A. X B. to C. so D. that5. I would love _ t

53、o the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone6. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen7. Ive worked with children befor

54、e, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expectsA. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard9.I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A . to take B. to be takenC . taking D. being taken10.Something as simple as _some cold wa

55、ter may clear your mind and relieve pressure .A . to drink B . drinking C . to be drinking D . drunk11.Susan wants to be independent of her parents. She tried _alone , but she didn't like it and moved back home.A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived12.I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promote B. having been promotedC. having promoted D. to be promoted13.There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded persuading C. to be persu