非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 年 月 日 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，顧名思義即是不在句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)使用的動(dòng)詞形式。也就是說(shuō)，它可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分。它包括動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在使用時(shí)主要有四個(gè)特點(diǎn)： 1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 2. 不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但加助動(dòng)詞就可以構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。 3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式將否定詞not/never放在它們前面。 4. 保持原來(lái)的動(dòng)詞特征，即有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等動(dòng)詞形式的變化，如系動(dòng)詞可以帶表語(yǔ)，及物動(dòng)詞可以有賓語(yǔ)，也可以有狀語(yǔ)。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一直是高考英語(yǔ)試題中的重要考點(diǎn)，對(duì)照近幾年高考題，我們也不難看出近幾年

2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題的重點(diǎn)。一、動(dòng)詞不定式1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和動(dòng)詞不定式在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常用主動(dòng)形式?！窘?jīng)典例析】If there is a lot of work Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷)A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing【解析】答案選A。句意為“如果還有大量的工作要去做，我愿意一直繼續(xù)直到把它

3、做完?！北绢}考查there be 句型中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，還沒(méi)有做完的工作要做，表示將來(lái)；同時(shí)要注意在there be句型中，經(jīng)常使用動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，所以選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)正在做；C項(xiàng)表示“被做完了”；D項(xiàng)表示正在主動(dòng)做，所以B、C、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)要注意其本身形式要與句意相符。常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：afford, agree, ask, choose, dare, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, intend, offer, plan, pretend, prom

4、ise, refuse, want, wish等。例如：I cant stand working with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works. 我不能忍受與簡(jiǎn)在同一個(gè)辦公室工作。在上班時(shí)，她一直喋喋不休。I dont want to sound like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. 我不想聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像我在說(shuō)別人的壞話，但經(jīng)理的計(jì)劃是不公正的。3. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 高考重點(diǎn)考查后面接不

5、帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，常用的有：feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等。這些詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式的to要省略。但是這些句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，就必須還原to?！窘?jīng)典例析】The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全國(guó)卷)A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up【解析】答案選C。句意為“導(dǎo)演要他的助手為這次會(huì)議準(zhǔn)備一些熱狗?！県ave

6、 sb do sth為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，其中do sth為省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。4. 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)多用主動(dòng)形式。有時(shí)可以看作形容詞后省略了for sb或 for people。這類形容詞有：easy, difficult, hard, heavy, impossible, light, necessary等?！窘?jīng)典例析】I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good . (2008全國(guó)卷) A. to be breathed B.

7、 to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed【解析】答案選B。句意為“夏天的時(shí)候我喜歡早起，早晨的空氣呼吸起來(lái)真爽?！痹凇爸髡Z(yǔ)+be+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”句型中，如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：amusing, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, important, nice等。5. 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)位于句首或句末都可以，但是用so as to引導(dǎo)時(shí)不能位于句首。例如：To find out more about universi

8、ty courses, call (920)746-3789. 要想了解更多有關(guān)大學(xué)課程的情況，請(qǐng)撥打(920)746-3789。 Can the project be finished as planned? 工程能按期結(jié)束嗎？Sure, to get it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. 肯定能，為了工程按期結(jié)束，我們每天將多干兩小時(shí)。To make this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. 要想做蛋糕，你需要兩個(gè)雞蛋，175克糖和175克面粉?！窘?jīng)典例

9、析】Did the book give the information you needed?Yes. But it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷)A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding 【解析】答案選A。句意為“你在這本書中找到你需要的信息了嗎？”“是的。為了找到信息，我不得不看完整本書。” 從句意可知，空格處表示目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。二、分詞1. 分詞作狀語(yǔ) 掌握分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵是理解分詞及其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則使用

10、過(guò)去分詞。例如：We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the results of the experiment. 因?yàn)榈却龑?shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，我們焦急地度過(guò)了一周。Encouraged by the stimulus policy, they decided to expand the business to get through the global economic crisis. 在經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激政策的鼓舞下，他們決定擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營(yíng)來(lái)度過(guò)這次全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were

11、then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. 在參觀了水立方后，我們又被帶去參觀舉辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的鳥巢。（本句主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)形式；又因show的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，所以非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用完成式。）【經(jīng)典例析】 their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (2008天津卷)A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Bein

12、g thrown【解析】答案選C。句意為“獲勝的球迷們把帽子拋向空中，爆發(fā)出勝利的歡呼。”本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。throw和句子的主語(yǔ)fans之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而且throw的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)let out 是同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而不能用過(guò)去分詞。To throw動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的或意想不到的結(jié)果；Being done不作狀語(yǔ)，常作定語(yǔ)?！窘?jīng)典例析】Ideally for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (20

13、08上海卷)A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located【解析】答案選D。句意為“很理想，紐約花園酒店坐落在百老匯和第五大街附近，所以它是很多客人的首選?！?be located in(at on) 為常用結(jié)構(gòu)，本句可以改寫為It is ideally located for Broadway theaters and Fifth Avenue, so the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. 2. 分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，

14、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。例如：Russ and Earl were auto mechanics earning the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.露絲和艾爾是掙相同薪水的技工，但艾爾更雄心勃勃。The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. 十九世紀(jì)完成的市政廳在當(dāng)時(shí)是最著名的建筑物。3. 分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 例如：Afte

15、r a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice calling him. 敲門后，孩子聽(tīng)到他媽媽喊他。Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 珍妮希望史密斯先生將給她提出一個(gè)好的方法讓她在短期內(nèi)提高英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)能力。 三、動(dòng)名詞1. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)(作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)) 英語(yǔ)中常接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：admit, appreciate, avoid,

16、consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, favour, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand以及be worth, cant help, put off, give up, insist on等。 例如：I hear theyve promoted Tom but he didnt mention having been promoted when we talk on the phone. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們已提拔了湯姆，但是當(dāng)我

17、們?cè)陔娫捓锝徽剷r(shí)，湯姆根本沒(méi)提他已被提升。 You shouldnt deny his inviting you to the party, and as you know, keeping a full social calendar may help protect you from dementia. 他邀請(qǐng)你參加聚會(huì)，你不該拒絕，你知道的，多參加社交活動(dòng)有助于預(yù)防癡呆?！窘?jīng)典例析】Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ here. (2007 江蘇卷) A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke

18、D. smoking【解析】答案選D。句意為“我可以在這兒吸煙嗎？”“對(duì)不起。我們這兒不準(zhǔn)許吸煙?！?allow后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，表示“允許做某事”。還可用allow sb to do sth表示“允許某人做某事”，但不可以說(shuō)allow sb doing sth。2. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 例如：Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. 像喝涼水這樣的事情也許能夠讓你靜心和釋放壓力。 四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式都是在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加not?！窘?jīng)典例析】The teacher asked us_ so much noise. (2003 全國(guó)卷) A. don't make B. not mak