高中英語語法教案(全套)及配套練習

1、高中英語語法教案(全套)及配套練習1. 名詞 名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞，專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類： 1）個體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：gun。 2）集體名詞：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：family。 3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：air。 4）抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名

2、詞。歸納一下，名詞的分類可以下圖表示： 名詞 專有名詞 不可數(shù)名詞 普通名詞 物質(zhì)名詞 抽象名詞 集體名詞 可數(shù)名詞 個體名詞 1.1 名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps 濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies 1.2 其它名詞復數(shù)

3、的規(guī)則變化 1） 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時，直接加s變復數(shù)。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 2） 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復數(shù)時： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。 3） 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs

4、roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：由一個詞加 man 或 wo

5、man構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復數(shù)是the Bowmans。 2） 單復同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復數(shù)。例如： peopl

6、epolicecattle 等本身就是復數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復數(shù)用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。 4） 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如： a. maths，politics，physics等學科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。 b.

7、news 為不可數(shù)名詞。 c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。 d. 以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。 5） 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses （眼鏡）trousers,clothes等，若表達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pa

8、ir（對，雙）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6） 另外還有一些名詞，其復數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。 1.4 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示 1）物質(zhì)名詞 a. 當物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)。 比較：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一種食物。 （不可數(shù)） These cakes are sweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。 （可數(shù)） b. 當物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時，可數(shù)。例如： This factory produces steel.（不可數(shù)） We

9、need various steels.（可數(shù)） c. 當物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時，可數(shù)。例如： Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。 Two teas, please. 請來兩杯茶。 2） 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數(shù)。例如： four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個現(xiàn)代化 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一則建議。 5. 定語名詞的復數(shù) 名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。 1) 用復數(shù)作定語。例如： spo

10、rts meeting 運動會 students reading-room 學生閱覽室 talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系 2） man, woman, gentleman等作定語時，其單復數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復數(shù)而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3） 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時，s保留。例如： goods train （貨車） arms produce武器生產(chǎn) customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4） 數(shù)詞+名詞

11、作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如： two-dozen eggs兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan.一個五年計劃 1.6 不同國籍人的單復數(shù) 國籍 總稱（謂語用復數(shù)） 單數(shù) 復數(shù) 中國人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄國人 the Russians a Russian two Russi

12、ans 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美國人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德國人 the Germa

13、ns a Germans two Germans 英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名詞的格 英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下： 1） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的書包，men's

14、 room 男廁所。 2） 若名詞已有復數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗爭。 3） 凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barber's 理發(fā)店。 5） 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個's，則表

15、示'共有'。例如： John's and Mary's rooms（兩間）John and Mary's room（一間） 6） 復合名詞或短語，'s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如：a month or two's absence 1.8 練習 1. He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. a little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages 2. Most of

16、 the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war. a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes 3. The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year. a.many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation 4. Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activit

17、ies. a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil 5. In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here. a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many 6. The large houses are being painted, but _. a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense 7. The room was sma

18、ll and contained far too _. a.much new furniture c. much new furnitures b.many new furniture d. many new furnitures 8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _. a. rooms number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers 9.Computers can do _ work in a short

19、 time, but a man can not do _ by himself. a great manymany c. mucha great deal b. a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many 10. She didnt know _ he had been given. a. how many information c. how many informations b. the number of information d. how much information 11. He invited all of his _ to join

20、his wedding party. a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm 12. All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month. a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor 13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_. a. growns-ups c. growns-up b. grown-

21、up d. grown-ups 14.The police investigated those _ about the accident. a. stander-by c. standers-by b. stander-bys d. standers-bys 15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp. a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war b.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war 16.The manager was greatly appreciate

22、 that _ made by Linda lately. a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels 17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. a. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress 18.All the people at the conference are _. a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b.math

23、ematics teachers d. mathematics teachers 19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance. a. some property c. properties b. some properties d. property 20.Physics _ with matter and motion. a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are 21.He has written several books, but his last

24、 works _ well known among his friends. a. have b. have been c. is d. are 22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days. a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-law b. father-in-law d. fathers-in-laws 23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party. a. many Jack friends c.

25、 many Jacks friend b. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks 24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner. a.barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers 25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _. a. Peter and Helens c. Peter and Helen b. Peter and Helens d. Peters and Helens 26._ receive

26、s only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy. a. The earths surface c. The surface of earth b. The surface earth d. The earth surface 27.Numerous materials are available to _. a. today of designers c. todays of designers b. todays designers d. today designers 28.Why did you speak to

27、 Peter that way? Dont you know he is an old friend of _? a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend 29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know. a. This Johns old friend c. Thats Jahns old friend b. This old friend of John d. This old friend of Johns

28、 30._ is too much for a little boy to carry. a.A bikes weight c. The weight of a bike b.The weights of a bike d. Biles weight 31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday. a.little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of 32.When they got to the lecture-room, there

29、were _ left. a.only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats 33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope. a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail 34.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there. a. a new eq

30、uipment c. new equipments b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments 35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work. a.little improvement c. many improvements b. a little improvement d. few improvements 36.Todays modern TV cameras require _ light as compared with the earlier mod

31、els. a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little 37.No country can afford to neglect _. a.an education b. educations c. education d. the education 38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _. a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight 39._

32、 is only surpassed by that of monkeys and apes. a.The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs b.The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent 40.All _ must take the graduate Management Admission Test. a. business student b. businesss students c. business students d. businesss student

33、 41._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself. a.Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b.Three-minute call d. A three-minute call 42.The _ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem. a.publics chief concern c. chief public concern b.public ch

34、ief concern d. chief concern of publics 43._ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad. a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were 44._ can get a better view of the game than the participants. a.Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons 45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who _ at the scene of the accidents within minutes. a. were b. have been c. was d. has been 46.Our livestock _ not as numerous as they used to be. a.is b. are c. be d. b