外研版必修3 module1 語法

1、Grammar:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)&主謂一致.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1Paris is one of the most beautiful cities and _(visit) by more than eight million tourists every year.2The Eiffel Tower _(locate) in Paris.3The Sagrada Familia _(design) by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.4Florences most beautiful paintings and sculpt

2、ures _(produce) by great artists.5Athens_(know) as the birthplace of western civilisation.6The Parthenon _(build) during this period.寫出下列句子中謂語動(dòng)詞的正確形式1Three­fourths of the project _(complete) by the time we arrived there.2Egg and rice_(be) her usual breakfast.3Many a student_(realize) the import

3、ance of mastering a foreign language so far.4Our team _(be) an expert team.5Either the students or their head teacher _(be) supposed to reconsider how to deal with the problem.6The teacher with the students_(be) playing football on the playground.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is/am/aredon

4、e。I am asked to copy English words for ten times. 我被要求抄十遍英語單詞。Football is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球。2一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/weredone。The university was founded in 1901. 這所大學(xué)是1901年建的。The 28th Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008. 2008年第28屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在北京舉辦。二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1不清楚誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。His car was sto

5、len when he parked in the street. 當(dāng)他把車停在街上時(shí)，他的車被偷了。2沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。No one knows when the bridge was built.沒人知道這橋是什么時(shí)候建的。3強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，可用“by動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(賓格)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。Paris is visited by many people every year. 每年有很多人參觀巴黎。This painting was painted by Xu Beihong. 這幅畫是徐悲鴻畫的。三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

6、被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作，句子的主語是被動(dòng)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語所處的狀態(tài)，其中的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化了。The window was broken by Jack.(被動(dòng)) 這玻璃是杰克打碎的。Watch out！The window is broken.(系表) 當(dāng)心！這玻璃是碎的。I tapped the window and the door was opened.(被動(dòng)) 我拍了拍窗戶，門開了。When I returned home，the door was open.(系表) 當(dāng)我回到家時(shí)，門是開著的。題組訓(xùn)練1 (1)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空These kinds of mac

7、hines _(make) in Germany. A piano concert _(give) in Jinan last Saturday.This poem _(write) by Whitman. These famous buildings _(build) during that period.(2)把下面的句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)We saw them play football on the playground. _.She often does her homework after school. _.I heard her singing an English song. _.

8、People there take good care of the old. _.主謂一致一個(gè)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上與主語必須保持一致。本模塊出現(xiàn)的是集合名詞、代詞(neither，none，each)作主語時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞一致的情況。1一些集合名詞，如：family，team，class，band，committee，government，group，public等用作主語時(shí)，若視為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式；若視為個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意：集合名詞cattle，people，police作主語時(shí)，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。 記憶秘訣：牛群愛人民警察。People are working ha

9、rd in the field. 人們?cè)诘乩镄燎诘貏谧?。The police are searching for the escaped prisoners. 警察正在搜尋逃跑的罪犯。2當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由or，either.or.，neither.nor.或not only.but also.等連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與最近的主語一致，即我們常說的“就近原則”。Li Ming，or you，are going to meet the foreign guests at the airport.李明或者你將去機(jī)場(chǎng)接外國朋友。Neither the Smiths nor their son supports

10、the plan. 史密斯夫婦和他們的兒子都不贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。注意：(1)both.and.連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Both you and I are interested in football. 我和你都對(duì)足球感興趣。(2)由as well as，along with，together with，in addition to，including，rather than，except，besides等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該詞之前的主語。The students as well as their English teacher have attended the meet

11、ing.學(xué)生和他們的英語老師都參加了這次會(huì)議。A woman，together with some girls，is coming up to us.一位婦女和一些女孩朝我們走過來。3代詞either和neither常作單數(shù)看待，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Either of the books is written by my mother. 這兩本書中的一本是我媽媽寫的。Neither of you is fit for the job. 你們兩個(gè)都不適合這份工作。4代詞none常被視為復(fù)數(shù)，但有時(shí)也用作單數(shù)。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞既可用復(fù)數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。None of them have/

12、has yet turned up at the party. 他們都沒在晚會(huì)上出現(xiàn)。None of the money is left. 沒剩下錢。5each在意義上屬于單數(shù)。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each student in our class works hard. 我們班里的每個(gè)學(xué)生都學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。Each of the women workers works as long as 12 hours every day. 每名女工每天都工作長達(dá)12個(gè)小時(shí)。題組訓(xùn)練2 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空(1)None of us _(have) a car.(2)Look！The cattle

13、_(drink) at the pool over there.(3)His family is very big and all of his family _ fond of sports.(be)(4)Neither of the examples _(explain) it well.(5)Jack as well as his parents _(like) music.練習(xí)題：.用所給詞的正確形式填空1 Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.2The gia

14、nt panda_(love) by people throughout the world.2 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be) often acceptable.3 To my delight，I _(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.4 It is important to remember that success _(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and of

15、ten _(take) years to achieve.5 All we need _(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.6 Tai Chi _(call) “shadow boxing” in English.7 We _(tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after.8 Genera

16、lly，students inner motivation with high expectations from others _(be) essential to their development.9 The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around 8,450 a year，which _ a burden for some of them.(be).單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1 Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables

17、 or high quality oil are using for cooking.2 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.3 Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey looked like rain！4 Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.5 The

18、understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.主謂一致其他情況： 一、主語為下列情況時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)：1. 時(shí)間/距離/重量/價(jià)值/數(shù)目等名詞作整體看待時(shí)。Twenty years is only a short time in human history. Thirty dollars is too high a price for the book. 2. 主語由從句、不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)時(shí)。When they will discuss it hasnt

19、 been made public. To die for the people is a worthy death. Looking after the children is her full-time job.3. 主語由“S”結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞充當(dāng)時(shí)。 Physics is well worth studying. 4. 主語為書、報(bào)、片、劇、地名、格言，國名等 The Arabian Night 天方夜譚 is an interesting storybook. 5. news, works, crossroads, woods等復(fù)數(shù)形式表示單數(shù)概念時(shí)，means 視情況而定。Every

20、 means has been tried to settle the problem.6. 不定代詞作主語時(shí)。Somebody is looking for you. Everything is nice in your garden. Anyone is forbidden to smoke here.7. more than one或many a后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)。 Many a person has read the novel. More than one student is against the plan. 9. 表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞做

21、主語時(shí)。 One and a half years has passed since I met him last year. 10.用a series of, a pile of等引起主語時(shí)。 A series of accidents has been reported. 二、謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況1. the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Greens are going to make a trip to London.2. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示群島、山脈、瀑布等的專有名詞。As is known to all, Rocky mountains stand in North America.3

22、. the +形容詞表一類人(blind, deaf, poor, living, young, dead, wounded ) Generally, the young are thirsty for knowledge. 三、謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定 1. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of, half of, a large/small quantity of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及有“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語做主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常常要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。例如： Half of the stu

23、dents in this class are girls and of course, the rest are boys.50% of the book has been finished reading. 注意：quantities of無論修飾可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞、謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)。a quantity of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);后接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A large quantity of water is needed. Large quantities of water have been polluted. 2.并列主語指同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指不同概

24、念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.3. what, who, which, such常與其后的作表語的詞一致。What you said is of great importance. What you left are only several old books. Such is our plan.4.在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如： Look ! Here comes the bus. On the wall are many pictu

25、res. 5.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who, which等做主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如： He has many friends, who are businessmen. He is one of the students who are working hard. He is the only one of the students who is working hard.6. the number of +后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。A number of rooms are on sale.

26、The number of the room is 303.7. an average/total of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the average/total of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 An average of 3 students are absent each day. The average of 14, 3 and 1 is 6.A total of 300 letters were received last month. The total of letters received last month was 300.8. trousers, glasses, c

27、lothes, shoes等詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些詞前有a(the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes needs mending.9.代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如： All is right.一切順利。 All are present.人都到齊了。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)&主謂一致練習(xí)題1. The students _ oft

28、en _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 2. Mr Brown _(live) in Beijing since he came to China. 3. The Smiths _( watch) TV at this time last

29、 night.4. The teacher said that the moon _(go) round the earth. 5. Russian _ (learn)as the second language by some students in China. 6. The Young Pioneers will

30、 go to the zoo if it _(not rain) this Sunday. 7. Listen! They _(talk) about the new film. 8. My mobile phone _(steal) on a bus last week. 9. The Green

31、s _(watch) TV now. 10. We _(learn) English for about three years. 11. The red skirt _(cost) the girl forty yuan.  12. Ill go home as soon as I _(finish) my

32、 homework. 13. The cinema _ (build) in 1985. 14. Most science books are _(write) in English.1. Every teacher and every student _ found a students Union. A. has B. have C. expects to D. hope to2. Nobody but them_ to know about

33、 the matter. A. want B. wants C. have wanted D. were wanted3. Nothing but trousers _ in that small shop.A. was worth of 20 dollars B. were worth 20 dollars C. was cost 20 dollars D. was paid for 20 dollars4. The dictionary as well as the books that_pictures in them _ to her.A. has; belongs B. have;

34、are belonged C. has; belong D. have; belongs5. Twenty percent of the work of the whole year_finished by their group last month. A. has been B. had been C. were D. was 6. A knife and fork _ on the table. A. is B. are C. has been D. have being7. Neither his parents nor his wife _ anything about it. A.

35、 know B. knows C. have known D. is known8. Five dollars _ too much for a ticket. A. seems B. seem C. seem to be D. are9. Most of the apples_. A. was rotten B. were rotten C. has rotten D. have rotten10. About one third of the workers in that factory_ young people. A. is B. has been C. are D. have be

36、en11. Not only the teacher but also the students _ the change. A. object to B. objects to C. object D. objects12. Every means_ tried since then. A. has been B. have been C. are D. is13. This pair of trousers_ my sister. A. is belong to B. are belong C. belong to D. belongs to14. Our team _ defeated

37、by theirs last Sunday. A. was B. had been C. has been D. have been15. Our team_ taking showers when the door was knocked open. A. was B. are C. were D. have been16. The League secretary and monitor_ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were17. His “Selected Poems” _ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has be