地質(zhì)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯

1、凹坑pool,chute白堊chalk白云化灰?guī)rdolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云巖dolostone, dolomitite斑點(diǎn)構(gòu)造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脫巖bentonite搬運(yùn)作用transportation板狀晶體laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木蟲跡teredolites clavatus包卷層理convolute lamination包卷構(gòu)造comvolute structure堡礁(障壁礁 barrier reef抱球

2、蟲軟泥globigerina ooze比擬試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ絪caled experimental model 碧玉jasper邊灘point bar辮狀河braided channel標(biāo)志層key bed標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差standard deviation表面結(jié)構(gòu)surface texture表皮鮞superficial Oolits表?xiàng)珓游飁pifauna表生成巖作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith濱湖亞相l(xiāng)ake-shore濱面shoreface濱線shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉積物glacier-marine s

3、ediment冰川相glacial facies冰磧物till冰磧巖tillite冰水沉積outwash波長wave length波高wave height波痕ripple波狀層理wavy bedding剝離線理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts側(cè)向沉積作用lateral sedimentation側(cè)向加積lateral accretion測井沉積學(xué)well-logging sedimentology 測井相electrofacies層bed層間流interflow層孔蟲stromatopo

4、roid層理stratification,bedding,lamination 層流laminar flow層內(nèi)溶解作用intrastratal solution層系set層系組coset層序地層學(xué)sequence stratigraphy次長石凈砂巖subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次巖屑凈砂巖sublitharenite長石feldspar長石砂巖feldspar sandstone長石凈砂巖arkose長石凈砂巖類arkosic arenite長石雜砂巖feldspathic greywacke長石雜砂巖類arkosic greywacke潮道tidal ch

5、annel潮間帶intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上帶supratidal潮汐層理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下帶subtidal zone沉積分異作用sedimentary differentiation 沉積構(gòu)造sedimentary structure沉積后作用postdeposition沉積環(huán)境depositional environment沉積模式sedimentary model沉積盆地sedimentary basin沉積鐵礦sedimentary iro

6、n ores沉積物sediment沉積物重力流sediment gravity flow沉積相sedimentary(depositionalfacies 沉積學(xué)sedimentology沉積巖sedimentary rocks沉積巖石學(xué)sedimentary petrology沉積作用sedimentation,deposition成分成熟度compositional matuarity成巖作用diagenesis赤鐵礦hematite沖積平原alluvial plain沖積扇alluvial fan沖裂a(bǔ)vulsion沖流swash沖流回流帶zone of swash and backwa

7、sh 沖刷痕scour mark沖洗交錯層理swash bedding沖溢扇washover fan儲層reservoir儲油窗oil windows床沙bed床沙形體bed form床沙載荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉積作用vertical accretion叢藻跡chondrites粗礫cobble粗枝藻門dasyclads大潮spring tide大陸架continental shelf大陸隆continental rise大陸坡continental slope大洋盆地basin帶穴跡taenidium帶狀跡teanidium袋狀鉆孔跡rogerella單杯跡monocrate

8、rion單成份礫巖oligomictic conglomerate 島(弧-海(溝體系arc-trench system 島弧island arc等深流contour current等深積巖contourite等趾跡isopodichnus等足跡isopodichnus低鎂方解石low-magnesian calcite低彎度河道low-sinuosity channel低位體系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底積層bottomset底模solecast底棲生物benthos底載河道bedload channel地層strata地層傾斜錄井d

9、ipmeter log地層水formation water地球化學(xué)geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地層學(xué)seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration遞變層graded layer遞變懸浮作用graded suspension典型濁積巖clastic turbidite電測井electric log疊層石stromatolite疊瓦狀排列imbricate arrangement 頂積層topsets動態(tài)模式dynamic model動藻跡zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member對稱波痕symmetrical ripp

10、le鮞粒oolite二葉石跡cruziana反遞變層理reverse grading反沙丘層理antidune bedding反向遞變的inversely graded泛濫盆地flood basin泛濫平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射蟲Radiolarians放射性測井radioactivity log非補(bǔ)償(饑餓沉積starved basin 非顯晶質(zhì)的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂壩distributary-mouth bar 分流間灣interdistributary分選系數(shù)So分選作

11、用sorting粉砂silt粉砂巖siltite,siltstone粉砂頁巖silt shale球粒pellet風(fēng)暴大潮storm surge風(fēng)成eolian風(fēng)成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple風(fēng)成交錯層理aeolian cross bedding 風(fēng)成巖eolianite風(fēng)化作用weathering風(fēng)生流wind-drift current風(fēng)蝕deflation峰度curtosis縫合線stylolite弗勞德數(shù)Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel負(fù)載(荷構(gòu)造load structure復(fù)成分礫巖polymictic conglomer

12、ate復(fù)理石flysch鈣結(jié)層caliche干酪根kerogen干鹽湖playa高嶺石kaolinite高彎度河道high-sinuosity channel高位體系域high-stand systems tract根珊瑚跡rhizocoralliun耕作跡agrichnia溝模groove casts溝蠕形跡taphrhelminthopsis古拉跡paleohelcura古生態(tài)學(xué)paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流標(biāo)志paleocurrent indicator古土壤paleosols古網(wǎng)跡palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架巖frames

13、tone固著底棲生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅鎂層sima硅土,二氧化硅silica硅質(zhì)silic-硅質(zhì)碎屑siliciclastic國際沉積學(xué)家學(xué)會IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists 海(湖泛面flooding surface海(湖灘beach海岸帶coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峽谷submarine canyon海溝trench海進(jìn)體系域transgressive systems tract 海浪sea wave海綠石glauconite海平面變化sea-

14、level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵層序transgressive sequence海生跡thalassinoides海灘marine beach海灘脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床(道channel河床滯留lag河底滯留沉積channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口灣estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐鐵礦limonite黑色頁巖black shale黑云母biotite紅藻植物門rhodo

15、phyta后濱backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧間盆地interarc basin弧內(nèi)盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊環(huán)境lacustrine environment湖泊相l(xiāng)acustrine湖面波動seiche湖沼學(xué)limnology滑動痕slide mark滑塌構(gòu)造slump structure滑塌巖slumps還原硫酸鹽細(xì)菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi 還原作用reduction環(huán)境沉積學(xué)environmental sedimentology環(huán)線跡spirorhaph

16、e黃鐵礦pyrite黃土loess灰泥micrite灰泥巖mudstone灰質(zhì)白云巖calcareous dolostone回流backflow,backwash混雜沉積巖diamicton混雜堆積物mélange混載荷流mixed-load channel火山彈bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角礫巖volcanic breccia火山塊block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris,tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑巖pyroclastic rock火焰構(gòu)造flame structure雞籠狀的chickenw

17、ire集合粒aggregate集塊巖agglomerate加積accretion加積作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交錯層cross beds交錯層理cross bedding; cross stratification交錯紋crossed-lamellar交錯紋層cross laminae膠結(jié)物cement膠結(jié)作用cementation膠磷礦collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆積reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不

18、整合angular unconformity角礫巖breccias節(jié)藻跡phycodes結(jié)晶碳酸鹽巖crystalline carbonate界面bounding surfaces金藻門chrysophyta津(波浪tsunami近濱nearshore進(jìn)潮口tidal inlet進(jìn)積作用progradation進(jìn)食構(gòu)造feeding structures進(jìn)食跡fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶體crystal井形穴shafts凈砂巖arenite靜態(tài)模式static model居住構(gòu)造dwelling structure居住跡domichnia居住潛穴dwelling bur

19、rows巨畫跡megagrapton巨礫boulder決口扇crevasse,crevasse splay均勻懸浮uniform suspension顆粒grain ,particle顆粒流grain flow顆粒巖grainstone顆粒支撐的particle -supported ,grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空間accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙(度pore,porosity塊狀層理massive bedding塊狀砂巖massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙紋層理wave- rip

20、ple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷諾數(shù)Reynolds number-Re類沙蠶跡nereites累積頻率曲線cumulative-frequency curve 離岸(裂流rip current犁溝跡aulichnites麗線跡cosmorhaphe礫gravel礫漠reg礫屑灰?guī)rcalcirudite礫屑巖rudite礫巖conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率圖probability plot粒度中值Md粒間孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰?guī)rgrainstone粒序?qū)永韌raded b

21、edding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰?guī)rsparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture臨濱shoreface磷灰?guī)rphosphorite磷酸鹽巖phosphate rock菱鐵礦siderite流動體制flow regimes流痕rill impression流態(tài)flow regime流體化作用fluidization硫酸鹽sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陸表海epicontinental sea陸架邊緣體系域shelf margin systems tract 陸相terrestrial陸緣海marginal sea陸源碎屑巖terri

22、genous clastic rocks陸表海epeiric sea綠泥巖chlorite綠藻門chlorophyta,卵石質(zhì)砂巖pebbly sandstone螺管跡gyrolithes洛倫茨跡corenzinia脈狀層理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游跡planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification錳質(zhì)巖manganess rock覓食跡pascichnia覓食拖跡grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度躍層pycnocline磨拉石molasses母巖source rock,

23、parent rock母巖區(qū)provenance,source area內(nèi)成巖endogenetic內(nèi)棲動物infauna內(nèi)碎屑intraclast鈉長石albite鈉長石化albitization能量帶energy belt泥mud泥板巖argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥?；?guī)r(泥質(zhì)顆粒巖packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥質(zhì)巖mudrock泥頁巖argillutite泥支撐的mud supported泥質(zhì)的argil擬蠕形跡helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wa

24、ve逆行沙丘antidune年代地層單位chronostratigraphic unit 鳥眼構(gòu)造birds-eyes structure鳥足狀三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰?guī)rtuff凝聚顆粒aggregate grains凝塊灰?guī)rthrombolite牛頓流體Newtonian fluid牛軛湖ox-bow lake爬跡repichnia爬升沙紋層理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盤旋蟲科spirillinidae螃蟹跡psilonichnus跑動running泡沫痕foam impression盆內(nèi)巖intrabasinal ro

25、ck盆外巖石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1,skewness漂礫erratic平均粒徑Mz平均值mean平行層理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪帶breaker zone葡萄石grapestones氣候帶climate belts牽引作用 traction牽引流tractive current牽引毯狀沉積traction carpet前濱foreshore前積層foresets前三角洲沉積prodelta deposit淺海區(qū)neritic province淺灘shoal墻形跡teichichus丘

26、狀交錯層理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet,pellet peloids球狀粒peloid曲帶跡curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心鉆井core drilling全球海平面變化eustatic change of sea level 缺氧事件anoxic event群group群體生物colony(organisms熱云nuee ardente熱云巖ignimbrite溶解載荷solutional load熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)rignimbrite蠕形跡helminthoida軟

27、流圈asthenosphere軟泥ooze弱光帶disphotic zone薩布哈(鹽沼sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前緣delta front三聯(lián)點(diǎn)triple junction掃毛蟲sabellarians沙壩bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀跡arenicolites沙體Sand body沙紋ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰?guī)rcalcarenite砂巖sandstone砂枕構(gòu)造pillow

28、 structure 篩狀沉積sieve deposition 山鹿沖積平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇礫巖fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇狀三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌跡glossiofunhites蛇形跡ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海帶abyssal zone深海溝deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓線thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin滲透率permeability生長構(gòu)造growth structure生物

29、層biostrome生物帶biozone生物地層學(xué)biostratigraphy生物灰?guī)rbiolithite生物礁reef生物顆粒bioclast生物亮晶灰?guī)rbiosparite生物內(nèi)碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰?guī)rbiomicrite生物丘bioherm生物擾動作用bioturbation生物遺跡化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰?guī)rlimestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂巖quartz sandstone,silicarenita 石英凈砂巖quartz arenite石英雜砂巖quartzwack石針跡skolithos石

30、枝藻litho-thammium始成巖作用eodiagenesis示頂?shù)讟?biāo)志geopetal criterion事實(shí)模式actual model數(shù)學(xué)模式mathematical model刷模brush casts雙杯跡diplocraterion雙形跡dimorphichus雙趾跡diplichifes水道channel水流current,aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流線理current lineation水平層理horizontal bedding水體分層stratification of the water column水下泥石流su

31、baqueous debis flow水下巖崩subaqueous rockfall水懸浮作用aqueous suspension斯科陽跡scoyenia似海生跡thalassinoides似海星跡asteriacites似蠕形跡helminthopsis似藻跡phycodes碎屑顆粒detrital particle燧石flint ,chert他生沉積物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌積角礫巖collapse braccia塔斯曼跡tasmanadia臺地platform苔蘚蟲fenestrate bryozoans灘bank灘脊beach ridge碳

32、酸鹽carbonate碳酸鹽巖carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸鹽巖補(bǔ)償深度carbonate compensation depth 碳酸鹽巖隆(建隆carbonate buildup逃逸構(gòu)造escape structure逃逸跡fugichnia體系域systems tract天然堤levee,natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳躍作用saltation鐵巖ironstone鐵質(zhì)巖ferruginous rock停息跡cubchnia同沉積滑塌構(gòu)造syndepositinal slump structure同生白云巖synge

33、netic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光帶photic zone透鏡狀層理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow團(tuán)塊lumps退覆層序offlap sequence洼狀交錯層理swaley cross bedding外成巖exogenetic rock外來巖塊exotic block外生沉積物exogentic sediments彎曲錨形跡ancorichnus coronus晚成巖作用telodiagenesis網(wǎng)狀(交織河流anastomosing stream,anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar微斜長石micr

34、ocline胃形鉆孔跡gastrochaenolites溫躍層thermoclime紋層laminae,lamination紋層狀的laminated紋理lamination紋泥,季節(jié)泥varve雯石(霰石aragonite紊流turbulent flow無光帶aphotic zone無粘結(jié)性顆粒cohesionless particle物源區(qū)provenance矽藻diatom細(xì)礫granule線管跡tigllites相facies相變facies change相標(biāo)志facies mark相對海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence (succession

35、向上變粗coarsening-upward向上變淺shoaling-upward,shallowing-upward小潮neap tide小間斷diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水構(gòu)造water-escape structure瀉湖lagoon新生變形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信風(fēng)trade winds星瓣跡asterosoma休息跡resting traces懸浮(移負(fù)載suspended load選擇交代作用selective replacement壓扁層理flaser bedding壓刻痕toll mark壓溶作用pressure solutio

36、n壓實(shí)作用compaction鹽水楔saltwater wedge巖石地層單位lithostratigraphic unit巖石地層學(xué)lithostratigraphy巖石圈lithosphere巖石學(xué)petrology巖相l(xiāng)ithofacies巖相古地理lithofacies paleogeography巖屑rock fragment,lithic巖屑砂巖lithic sandstone,rock fragment sandstone 巖屑凈砂巖litharenite巖屑雜砂巖lithic greywacke巖屑質(zhì)長石凈砂巖lithic arkose巖性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙壩longshore bar鹽度salinity鹽湖salt lakes鹽堿灘salina氧化作用oxidation頁巖shale液化liguefaction液化沉積物流fluidized sediment flow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遺跡化石ichnofo