初一英語上知識點總結

1、一、詞(一名詞1、名詞的復數(shù)(1、一般的直接加s,如 desk(desks、pen(pens 、ruler(rulers(2、以 x 、s、ch、sh結尾的加 es如 box(boxes、class(classes、watch(watches等(3、以輔音字母加y結尾的要變y為i加es, 如 family ,comedy,documentary等(4、以0結尾的名詞,有生命的加es如:tomato(tomatoes 、potato (potatoes ; 沒有生命的加s,如photo(photos、piano(pianos、zero(zeros2、名詞所有格在名詞的后邊加s ,表示后面的名詞屬

2、于前面的名詞所有 , 如 LiLeis bag Toms desk 、her mothers brother3、專用名詞的大寫如 English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera(二動詞1、動詞的種類(四類系動詞如 be(is am are;情態(tài)動詞如 can 、may、need;助動詞( do does;行為動詞如 take 、bring、eat、have(has、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think 等2、動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)(與名詞的復數(shù)一樣如 e

3、at(eats take (takes buy (buys play (plays have(has are (is3、動詞的時態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時( 1含有系動詞的Im a Chinese boy .She is twelve .He is Tims brother .Her mother is an English teacher .含有系動詞的句子在變一般疑問句時只將“主語和系動詞交換位置”,上面句子變成一般疑問句時分別為Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人稱通常變?yōu)榈诙朔QIs she twelve ?Is he Tims brother ?Is her mother

4、an English teacher ?含有系動詞的句子在變否定句時只須“在系動詞的后邊加上not”,前面的幾個了陳述句變否定句分別為Im not a Chinese boy.She isnt twelve .He is not Tims btother .Her mother isnt an English teacher .(2含有情態(tài)動詞的句子( can ,She can play basketball.His mothers cousin can sing many English songs.含有情態(tài)動詞的句子在變一般疑問句時只須將“主語和情態(tài)動詞交換位置”,上面兩句變一般疑問句分別

5、為Can she play basketball ?Can his mothers cousin sing many English songs ?含有情態(tài)動詞的句子在變否定句時直接在情態(tài)動詞的后邊加上not ,上面兩個陳述句變否定句分別為She can not play basketball .His mothers cousin can not sing many English songs .(3含有行為動詞的句子We have many friends.They watch TV at 7 in the evening .The students take their books to

6、 school .I have lunch at school .You have a sister .1 含有行為動詞的句子在變一般疑問句時要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子變成一般疑問句分別為Do you have many friends ?Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?Do the students take their books to school ?Do you have lunch at school ?Do you have a sister ?2 含有行為動詞的句子在變否定句時只須在行為動詞前加dont .上述五個陳述句變否定句

7、分別為We dont have many friends.They dont watch TV at 7 in the evening .The students dont take their books to school .I dont have lunch at school .You dont have a sister .3 含有行為動詞的句子,當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,行為動詞要加s (或es如:She has a red pen .He has eggs for breakfast .Her mother buys a skirt for her .She likes thril

8、lers .My brother watches TV every evening .He wants to go to a movie .含有行為動詞的句子,當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,變一般疑問句要“在原句子的前面加上does , 同時行為動詞要還原”.上面的句子變成一般疑問句分別為:Does she have a red pen ?Does he have eggs for breakfast ?Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?Does she like thrillers ?Does your brother watch TV every even

9、ing ?Does he want to go to a movie ?含有行為動詞的句子,當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,變否定句時“在行為動詞前面加doesnt , 同時原行為動詞要還原”.上面的句子變否定句分別為:She doesnt have a red pen .He doesnt have eggs for breakfast .Her mother doesnt buy a skirt for her .She doesnt like thrillers .My brother doesnt watch TV every evening .He doesnt want to go to

10、a movie .(三形容詞本冊所學的形容詞不多,注意拼法和反義詞big (small long (short sad (happy boring (interestingfunny exciting difficultrelaxing great healthy old (new successful white (black(四代詞1、人稱代詞和物主代詞人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)主格 I we you you she he it they賓格 me us you you her him it them物主代詞 my our your your her his

11、its their2、指示代詞: this (these that (those3、不定代詞 some someone4、疑問代詞 who what how much how old (疑問副詞:when where 5、反身代詞 yourself(五數(shù)量詞1、基數(shù)詞 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen2、序數(shù)詞 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth(六介詞:本冊的介詞較少,主要

12、用在介詞短語里面,如on:on sale (銷售 on weekends (在周末 on April 8th, (在四月八日 on the desk (在桌子上 on TV (在電視上 in:in English (用英語 in the afternoon (在下午 in the case (在盒子里 T-shirt in red (紅色T恤 be in the movie(出演這部電影 in September (在九月 be in our school music festival (參加我們學校的音樂節(jié)at:call sb.at 3356 (撥打3356找某人 at your schoo

13、l (在你們學校里 at Huaxing Clothes Store (在華興服裝店 at a very good price (以非常優(yōu)惠的價格 at six (六點鐘have a look at (看一看of:a set of (一串 the photo of your family (你的全家照 lots of =a lot of (許多 date of birth(birthday(生日with:with sb. (同某人一起 be good with (和相處得好 help sb. with sth. (幫助某人做某事for:thanks for =thank you for (謝謝

14、某人的. bag for sports (運動包 pants for $30 (賣30元的褲子 see for yourself (親自看看 for girls (對女孩子來說 like sth. for lunch (喜歡吃當作午餐about:about Chinese history (有關中國歷史under:under the desk (在桌子下面(七副詞:除疑問副詞外,本冊的副詞有only too very well often also really副詞only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行為動詞前面或是系動詞的后面.注意幾組詞的區(qū)別:1、too 和a

15、lso :too一般放在句子的末尾,also在行為動詞前面或是系動詞的后面.2、well 和 good :兩個詞都有“好”的意思,但well 是副詞,而good 是形容詞,well修飾動詞,放在動詞的后面,good 修飾名詞,放在名詞的前面.如play basketball wellspeak English well a good student Good morning(八冠詞:只有不定冠詞a (an和定冠詞the 兩個1、不定冠詞a和an :a用在輔音前,如 a pen a chair an apple an egg an 用在元音前.an old teacher an English

16、book an action movie注意輔音字母第一個音是元音的情況:F H L M N S X這七個字母的第一個音是元音,在說一個以上字母時要用an ,如an“F” (一個F an “X” (一個X.同時注意字母U,它是元音字母,但它的第一個音是輔音,因此說一個U,應為 a “U” .2、定冠詞the:當一個名詞第二次出現(xiàn)時前面用the .注意在三餐飯(breakfast lunch dinner 前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,體育活動的球類運動前面不用the .如:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketball

17、play tennis (volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball 在樂器的前面要用定冠詞the .如:play the guitar (the violin the piano the drum (九連詞:本冊所學連詞有and but or thenand 連接兩個詞或兩個句子,表示前后的句子意思順接.如:I like thrillers and I like action movies.but 連接兩個句子,表示后面意思轉(zhuǎn)折.如:He likes tomatoes but she doesnt like broccolis or 表示選擇關系.如

18、:Can you play the piano or the violin?then表示動作的先后順序.二、句子(句子的種類:句子分為四種即陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句.這里重點介紹疑問句和祈使句(一疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句 1、一般疑問句:見前面的動詞部分.一般疑問句的回答用“yes”或“no”開頭,用“yes”作肯定回答時后面不能出現(xiàn)“not”,用“no”作否定回答時后面要出現(xiàn)“not”.2、特殊疑問句:其結構為“特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句的結構”本冊出現(xiàn)的特殊疑問句有1My name is Jim. Whats your name ? His name i

19、s Marry. Whats his name ? Her first name is Brow. What is her first name?2Her bag is on the bed . Wheres her bag ? The oranges are in the room. Where are the oranges?3My telephone number is 2975. What is your telephone number?4Im fine. How are you? She is fine. How is she?5Im fifteen years old. How

20、old are you?6This skirt is twelve dollars. How much is this skirt?These pants are 18 dollars. How much are these pants?7Her birthday is September 23rd. When is her birthday?8The apple is red. What color is the apple?Whats this in English?How do you spell this word?What kind of movies do you like?(二祈

21、使句:表示命令、請求.本冊所學的祈使句類型有Spell it, please.Please take these things to your sister.Lets play ping-pong.(tennisbasketballvolleyballCome and buy your clothes.Have a look at Zig Zags Clothes Store.三、情景會話:本冊出現(xiàn)的主要會話片段1、-Good morning! (afternoon evening !2、- Nice to meet you!-Good morning! (afternoon evening

22、! - Nice to meet you!3、-Good-bye!4、-Hello, Frank!-Good-bye! (Bye-bye -Hello, Eric!5、-How are you?6、-Whats your name?-Fine, thanks. How are you? -My name is Jim.- Im fine, too. (Im OK. 8、-Whats this in English? 7、- Whats her first (lastfamilygivenname? -Its a map.-Its John. -Spell it,please.(How do y

23、ou spell it? -M-A-P 9、-Whats this in English? 10、-Is this (that your pencil?-Its an orange. - Yes, it is. its my pencil.-What color is it? -(No, it isnt. its her pencil.-Its red. 11、-Where is my computer game? 12、-Do you have a TV? -Its under the bed. -Yes, I do. (No, I dont. -(I dont know. -Does he

24、 have a tennis tacket? -Yes, he does. (No, he doesnt.13、-Lets play ping-pong. 14、-Do you like salad?-No, I dont have a ping-pong ball. -Yes, I do. (No, I dont.-Well, let play volleyball. -He likes bananas.-That sounds good. but she doesnt like ice cream.15、-How much is this T-shirt? 16、-When is your

25、 birthday?-Its seven dollars. -My birthday is (on November 12th .-How much are these shorts? -When is Liu Pings birthday?-They are three dollars. -Its (onOctober 15th .17、-Can I help you? -How old is he?-Yes, I want (to buy a sweater. -Hes thirteen.-What color do you want? 18、-Do you want to go to a

26、 movie?-Yellow. -Yes, I do.-Here you are. -What kind of movies do you like?-How much is it? -I like action movies and domentaries.-Eleven dollars. 19、-Can she speak English?-Ill take it. Thank you.(thanks. -Yes, she can.(No, she cant.-You are welcome. -Can you speak it well? -No, I cant.20、-What clu

27、b do you want to join? 21、-Why do you want to join the art club? -I want to join the basketball club. -Because I want to learn about art. 四、本冊出現(xiàn)的短語first name 名字 last name/ family name 姓氏 phone number 電話號碼 an ID card 一張身份證pencil case 鉛筆盒 pencil sharpener 鉛筆刀computer game 電腦游戲 play computer games玩電腦游戲

28、call sb.at 347-2365 給某人打347-2365 lost and found 失物招領a set of keys 一串鑰匙 in English 用英語an eraser 一塊鉛筆擦 pen friend 筆友thanks for 為感謝 a photo of your family 你家人的照片on the sofa 在沙發(fā)上 behind the door 在門后next to the bookcase 在書柜旁邊 in the drawer 在抽屜里under the chair 在椅子下 on the floor 在地板between the dresser and

29、the bookcase 在梳妝臺和書柜之間an alarm clock 一只鬧鐘 video cassette 錄象帶soccer ball 英式足球 math book 數(shù)學書take sth to sb. 把拿(去給某人 bring sth. to sb. 把帶(來給某人play basketball 打籃球 play ping-pong /table tennis 打乒乓球play volleyball 打排球 play soccer/football 踢足球play baseball 打棒球 play tennis 打網(wǎng)球tennis racket 網(wǎng)球拍 every day 每天p

30、lay/do sports做運動 watch TV 看電視watch sth. on TV 在電視上觀看 French fries 炸薯條 ice cream 冰淇淋 some tomatoes 幾個西紅柿 Some photos 一些幾張相片 lots of = a lot of 許多,大量 healthy food 健康食品. Have/eat chicken 吃雞肉 have/eat breakfast 吃早飯 have/eat lunch 吃午飯 have/eat dinner(supper 吃晚飯 how much 多少錢 Here you are 給你 you're welcome 不客氣 have a look at 看一看 bag for sports 運動包 two doll