外文翻譯-印染廢水處理的研究

1、文獻翻譯：印染廢水處理的研究摘要：本文分析了印染廢水處理的所面臨的問題，以及介紹了印染廢水處理方法的研究進展與動向。并指出不同印染廢水處理方法的組合是印染廢水處理的有效方法。 關(guān)鍵詞：印染廢水；處理方法 印染廢水是指棉、毛、化纖等紡織產(chǎn)品在染色、印花過程中所排放的廢水，其成分復雜，主要含以芳烴和雜環(huán)化合物為母體的帶有顯色基團及極性基團的染料。為使染色更加均勻，印染時還常加入一些助劑，從而使傳統(tǒng)的生物處理工藝受到嚴重挑戰(zhàn)翻。紡織印染行業(yè)是工業(yè)廢水排放大戶。因此開發(fā)經(jīng)濟有效的處理印染廢水技術(shù)，成為當今環(huán)保工作者關(guān)注的課題。印染廢水具有水量大、有機污染物含量高、難降解物質(zhì)多、色度高，以及組分復雜等特

2、點，屬難處理的工業(yè)廢水。印染廢水中含有染料、漿料、助劑、油劑、酸堿，纖維雜質(zhì)及無機鹽等，其中染料中的硝基和胺基化合物，以及銅、鉻、鋅、砷等重金屬元素，具有較大的生物毒性，嚴重污染環(huán)境。 1印染廢水處理面臨的問題 1.1排放標準的日益嚴格 隨著社會經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展和人們環(huán)境意識的提高，各國加大了對印染污水的治理。根據(jù)紡織染整工業(yè)水污染物排放標準，除類污水排放指標變化不大外，增加了類和類污水印染廢BOD、COD、色度、懸浮物、氨氮、苯胺類、二氧化氯等指標的排放限定。而印染廢水水質(zhì)一般平均為COD800-2000mg/L，色度200-800倍，pH值10-13，BOD/COD為0.25-0.4，因此印

3、染廢水的達標排放是印染行業(yè)急需要解決的問題。 1.2印染廢水處理難度增加 1.2.1印染廢水組分復雜 印染廢水是指印染加工過程中各工序所排放的廢水混合而成的混合廢水。主要包括：預處理階段(如燒毛、退漿、煮練、漂白、絲光)排放的退漿、煮練、漂白、絲光廢水；染色階段排放的染色廢水；印花階段排放的印花廢水和皂洗廢水；整理階段排放的整理廢水。 印染廢水水質(zhì)隨原材料、生產(chǎn)品種、生產(chǎn)工藝、管理水平的不同而有所差異，導致各個印染工序排放后匯總的廢水組分非常復雜。隨著染料工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展和后整理技術(shù)的進步，新型助劑、染料、整理劑等在印染行業(yè)中被大量使用，難降解有毒有機成分的含量也越來越多，有些甚至是致癌、致突變

4、、致畸變的有機物，對環(huán)境尤其是水環(huán)境的威脅和危害越來越大。總體而言，印染廢水的特點是成分復雜、有機物含量高、色度深化學需氧量(COD)高，而生化需氧量(BOD5)相對較低，可生化性差，排放量大。 1.2.2印染廢水處理方法的局限性 80年代以前，印染廢水的可生化性較高，CODcr濃度常在800mg/L以下，采用傳統(tǒng)的生物與物化聯(lián)合處理系統(tǒng)，出水即可達到排放標準。近二十年來，印染廢水水質(zhì)發(fā)生了很大的變化。傳統(tǒng)的印染廢水處理方法，如吸附、懸浮、過濾、混凝等具有設備簡單，操作簡便和工藝成熟的優(yōu)點，但是這類處理方法通常是將有機物從液相轉(zhuǎn)移到固相或氣相，不僅沒有完全消除有機污染物和消耗化學藥劑，而且造成

5、廢物堆積和二次污染；生物法只能除去印染廢水中的BOD，對于COD特別是有毒難降解有機物和色度的出去效果不明顯。單一的處理方法已不能滿足當前印染廢水發(fā)展的要求。 2印染廢水處理研究進展與動向 2.1傳統(tǒng)方法和工藝的改進 2.1.1吸附法 活性炭又稱活性炭黑。黑色無定形粒狀物或細微粉末。活性炭在結(jié)構(gòu)上由于微晶碳是不規(guī)則排列，在交叉連接之間有細孔，在活化時會產(chǎn)生碳組織缺陷，因此它是一種多孔碳，堆積密度低，比表面積大，不溶于任何溶劑。對各種氣體有選擇性的吸附能力，對有機色素和含氮堿有高容量吸附能力。 活性炭具有一種強烈的“物理吸附”和“化學吸附”的作用，可將某些有機化合物吸附而達到去除效果，利用這個原

6、理，我們就能很快而有效地去除水族箱水質(zhì)中的有害物質(zhì)、臭味以及色素等等，使水質(zhì)獲得直接而迅速的改善?；钚蕴课绞浅鞘形鬯呒壧幚碇凶钪匾钣行У奶幚砑夹g(shù)，得到廣泛的應用。 活性炭作為一種優(yōu)良吸附劑早已廣泛應用于水處理中。至今仍是有色印染廢水的最好吸附劑。不過，活性炭價格昂貴，加之再生困難，因此一般只應用于濃度較低的印染廢水處理或深度處理。吸附劑的最大問題在于難以實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場再生。目前，國內(nèi)外已有采用活性炭吸附法，該法對去除水中溶解性有機物非常有效，但它不能去除水中的膠體和疏水性染料，并且它只對陽離子染料、直接染料、酸性染料、活性染料等水溶性染料具有較好的吸附性能?；钚蕴坎⒉皇菍λ蓄愋偷挠∪緩U水處理

7、效果都是一致的?；钚蕴繉θ玖暇哂羞x擇性，其脫色性能順序依次為堿性染料、直接染料、酸性染料和硫化染料。通?；钚蕴坑蓜游镄蕴俊⒛咎?、瀝青炭等以含炭為主的物質(zhì)經(jīng)高溫炭化和活化而成。 活性炭微孔多、大中孔不足、親水性強，限制了大分子及疏水性染料的內(nèi)擴散，適用于分子量不超過400的水溶性染料分子脫色，對大分子或疏水性染料的脫色效果較差。采用活性炭可以有效去除廢水中的活性染料、堿性染料、偶氮染料。在一定條件下，活性炭還可直接吸附某些重金屬離子。另外，活性炭吸附水溶性染料時吸附率高， 但不能吸附懸浮固體及不溶性染料?；钚蕴侩m然吸附性能優(yōu)良，但由于成本高，一般應用于濃度較低的染料廢水處理或深度處理。 2.1.

8、2混凝法 印染廢水絮凝脫色機制是以膠體化學的DLVO理論為基礎的。其投資費用低，設備占地少，處理量大，是一種被普遍采用的脫色技術(shù)。包括無機混凝劑包括鐵鹽、鋁鹽、鎂鹽及無機絮劑，天然有機高分子絮凝劑，合成的有機高分子絮凝劑，傳統(tǒng)混凝法對疏水性染料脫色效率很高。缺點是需隨著水質(zhì)變化改變投料條件，對親水性染料的脫色效果差，COD去除率低。如何選擇有效的混凝脫色工藝和高效的混凝劑，則是該技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵。2.1.3化學氧化法 化學氧化是目前研究較為成熟的方法。借助氧化還原作用破壞染料的共軛體系或發(fā)色基團是印染脫色處理的有效方法。除常規(guī)的氯氧化法外，國內(nèi)外研究重點主要集中在臭氧化、超聲波氧化、過氧化氫氧化、電

9、解氧化和光氧化方面。氧化劑一般采用Fenton試劑、臭氧、氯氣、次氯酸鈉等。按氧化劑的不同，可將化學氧化分為：臭氧化法和芬頓試劑氧化法。氧化法是一種優(yōu)良的印染廢水脫色方法，但如果氧化程度不足，染料分子的發(fā)色基團可能被破壞而脫色，但其中的COD仍未除盡；若將染料分子充分氧化，能量、藥劑量消耗可能會過大，成本太高。臭氧化法不產(chǎn)生污泥和二次污染，但是處理成本高，不適合大流量廢水的處理，而且COD去除率低。通常很少采用單一的臭氧法處理印染廢水，而是將它與其它方法相結(jié)合，彼此互補達到最佳的廢水處理效果。所以氧化法一般用于氧化絮凝或絮凝氧化工藝。2.1.4電化學法 電化學法具有設備小、占地少、運行管理簡單

10、、CODcr去除率高和脫色好等優(yōu)點，但是沉淀生成量及電極材料消耗量較大，運行費用較高。傳統(tǒng)的電化學法可分為電絮凝法、電氣浮法、電氧化法以及微電解、電解內(nèi)法等。國外許多研究者從研制高電催化活性電極材料著手，對有機物電催化影響因素和氧化機理進行了較系統(tǒng)的理論研究和初步的應用研究，國內(nèi)在這一領域的研究還剛剛起步。 2.1.5生物處理法 生物處理法主要包括好氧法和厭氧法。目前國內(nèi)主要采用好氧法進行印染廢水處理。好氧法又分為活性污泥法和生物膜法?；钚晕勰嗉饶芊纸獯罅康挠袡C物質(zhì)，又能去除部分色度，還可以微調(diào)pH值，運轉(zhuǎn)效率高且費用低，出水水質(zhì)較好，適合處理有機物含量較高的印染廢水；生物膜法對印染廢水的脫色

11、作用較活性污泥法高。但是生物法存在著三個自身無法解決的問題：1.剩余污泥的處里費用較高；2.單一運用生物法己不能滿足實際運用的需要；3.有時需要在其前端加一道提高廢水可生化性的預處理，提高了投資及運行成本。 單一的好氧生物處理只能去除廢水中的部分易降解的有機物，色度問題無法解決。為了降低消耗及去除廢水中較難降解的有機污染物，出現(xiàn)了厭氧-好氧新型處理工藝和生物強化技術(shù)。厭氧-好氧法可先由厭氧過程中的產(chǎn)酸階段，去除部分較易降解的有機污染物，將較難降解的大分子有機物分解為較簡單的小分子有機物，再通過好氧生物處理過程進一步去除。厭氧-好氧法處理難生化降解的印染廢水具有除污染效率高、運行穩(wěn)定和較強的耐沖

12、擊負荷能力等特點。有研究報道，采用厭氧-好氧工藝處理印染廢水，在進水CODcr為1085mg/L，BODS為315mg/L的情況下，二者的去除率分別可達83.9和76.2，再經(jīng)硫化床自然氧化和混凝沉淀處理，去除懸浮物，排水可達排放標準。 由于傳統(tǒng)的生物方法對色度的去除往往不夠理想，國內(nèi)外許多學者致力于培育或改良高降解活性菌種用于印染廢水處理，產(chǎn)生了生物強化技術(shù)。其機理為向廢水處理系統(tǒng)中投加自然界中的優(yōu)勢菌種或通過基因組合技術(shù)產(chǎn)生的高效菌種，增強生物量，強化生物量的反應，以去除某一種或某一類有害物質(zhì)為目的。目前，生物強化技術(shù)最普遍的應用方式是直接投加對目標污染物具有特效降解能力的微生物。 2.2

13、高新技術(shù)的應用和實踐 2.2.1光化學氧化法 光化學氧化法由于其反應條件溫和(常溫、常壓)、氧化能力強和速度快等優(yōu)點。光化學氧化可分為光分解、光敏化氧化、光激發(fā)氧化和光催化氧化四種。目前研究和應用較多的是光催化氧化法。 光催化氧化技術(shù)能有效地破壞許多結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定的生物難降解的有機污染物，具有節(jié)能高效、污染物降解徹底等優(yōu)點，幾乎所有的有機物在光催化作用下可以完全氧化為CO2、H2O等簡單無機物。但是光催化氧化方法對高濃度廢水效果不太理想。 關(guān)于光催化氧化降解染料的研究主要集中在對光催化劑的研究上。其中，TiO2化學性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、難溶無毒、成本低，是理想的光催化劑。傳統(tǒng)的粉末型TiO2光催化劑由于存在分離

14、困難和不適合流動體系等缺點，難以在實際中應用。近年來，TiO2光催化劑的攙雜化、改性化成為研究的熱點。 2.2.2膜分離技術(shù) 膜分離技術(shù)處理印染廢水是通過對廢水中的污染物的分離、濃縮、回收而達到廢水處理目的。具有不產(chǎn)生二次污染、能耗低、可循環(huán)使用、廢水可直接回用等特點。膜分離技術(shù)雖然具有如此多的優(yōu)點，但也存在著尚待解決的問題，如膜污染、膜通量、膜清洗、以及膜材質(zhì)的抗酸堿、耐腐蝕性等問題，所以，現(xiàn)階段運用單一的膜分離技術(shù)處理印染廢水，回收純凈染料，還存在著技術(shù)經(jīng)濟等一系列問題。現(xiàn)在膜處理技術(shù)主要有超濾膜，納米濾膜和反滲透膜。膜處理對印染廢水中的無機鹽和COD都有很好的去除作用。2.2.3超聲波技

15、術(shù)利用超聲波可降解水中的化學污染物，尤其是難降解的有機污染物。它集高級氧化技術(shù)、焚燒、超臨界水氧化等多種水處理技術(shù)的特點于一身，降解條件溫和、降解速度快、適用范圍廣，可以單獨或與其它水處理技術(shù)聯(lián)合使用。該方法的原理是廢水經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)池加入選定的絮凝劑后進入氣波振室，在額定的震蕩頻率的激烈震蕩下，廢水中的一部分有機物被開鍵成為小分子，在加速水分子的熱運動下，絮凝劑迅速絮凝，廢水中色度、COD、苯胺濃度等隨之下降，起到降低廢水中有機物濃度的作用。目前超聲技術(shù)在水處理上的研究已取得了較大的成果，但絕大部分的研究都還局限于實驗室水平上。2.2.4高能物理法高能物理法是一種新的水處理技術(shù), 當高能粒子束轟擊水

16、溶液時, 水分子發(fā)生激發(fā)和電離, 生成離子、 激發(fā)分子、 次級電子, 這些輻射產(chǎn)物在向周圍介質(zhì)擴散前會相互作用產(chǎn)生反應能力極強的物質(zhì) HO ·自由基和 H 原子, 與有機物質(zhì)發(fā)生作用而使其分解。高能物理法處理印染廢水具有有機物的去除率高、設備占地小、 操作簡單、 用來產(chǎn)生高能粒子的裝置昂貴、技術(shù)要求高、 能耗大、 能量利用率不高等特點。若要真正投入實際運行, 還需進行大量的研究工作。3結(jié)語 印染廢水是一種較難處理的工業(yè)廢水，預防和治理印染廢水污染是相輔相成的兩個方面，積極研發(fā)先進印染設備，提高染料與助劑的使用效率，是降低印染廢水危害的有效手段同時采用各種治理方法，并做到處理后水循環(huán)利

17、用，這不僅能降低水的消耗，而且能有效的減輕印染廢水對環(huán)境的污染。印染廢水處理的目的就是為了除去廢水中的各種有害物質(zhì)，防止環(huán)境污染，使水能夠重新利用！所以說印染廢水處理大意義：水是一種易受污染而可以再生的自然資源。隨著人口的不斷增長和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，加之水污染的日益嚴重，可利用的水資源數(shù)量日益短缺，造成水危機。根據(jù)水工業(yè)的觀點，給水和排水分別是人類向自然界取用和歸還可再生資源“水”的兩個程序，為了使這個循環(huán)能夠持續(xù)地為人類服務，水在使用后回歸自然界前，必須進行廢水的再生處理，使水質(zhì)達到自然界自凈能力的承受水平，恢復其作為自然資源的屬性。對可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實施有著極為現(xiàn)實的意義，給人類營造一個健康綠色的

18、生態(tài)圈。 隨著排放標準的日益嚴格，各國學者在印染廢水的處理技術(shù)方面進行了深入的探索。相信隨著科學技術(shù)的不斷進步，印染廢水的處理工藝將逐漸完善，投資省、運行費用低、操作簡單的處理技術(shù)將給印染廢水的處理帶來新的希望。附原文：Research on printing and dyeing wastewater treatmentAbstract: This paper analyzes the treatment of dyeing wastewater issues facing, and describes methods of dyeing wastewater treatment progr

19、ess and trends. And pointed out that different methods of dyeing wastewater treatment is a combination of effective treatment of dyeing wastewater. Keywords: Dyeing wastewater; treatment Printing and dyeing wastewater is a waste cotton, wool, chemical fiber textile products emitted during dyeing, pr

20、inting, its composition is complex, mainly containing aromatic and heterocyclic compounds with a color group and the polar group parent dyes. In order to make more uniform dyeing, printing and dyeing are also often add some additives, so that the traditional biological treatment process is seriously

21、 challenged over. Textile printing and dyeing industry wastewater is the major emitters. Therefore the development of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment technology economy effectively, becomes the focus of today's environmental protection workers subject. Printing and dyeing wastewater wit

22、h large quantity, high content of organic pollutants, refractory material, high chroma, characteristics and complex components, belongs to the industrial wastewater treatment. Printing and dyeing wastewater containing dyes, auxiliaries, paste, oil, acid and alkali, fiber impurities and inorganic sal

23、t, wherein the dye in the nitro and amino compounds, as well as copper, chromium, zinc, arsenic and other heavy metal elements, biological toxicity, serious pollution of the environment.  A printing and dyeing wastewater treatment problems 1.1 the increasingly stringent emission standards With

24、the development of social economy and people's environmental awareness, our increased investment in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. According to "textile dyeing and finishing of industrial water pollutant discharge standards", in addition to class effluent changed little, the

25、 state increased the classanddyeing wastewater effluent BOD, COD, color, suspended solids, ammonia, aniline, Chlorine dioxide emission limits and other indicators. The general water quality printing and dyeing wastewater average COD800-2000mg / L, chroma 200-800 times, pH, 10-13, BOD / COD for the 0

26、.25-0.4, so printing is a printing and dyeing wastewater discharge standards in the industry need to solve the problem.1.2 The difficulties in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment 1.2.1 components of complex printing and dyeing wastewater Printing and dyeing wastewater refers to the process of d

27、yeing process wastewater discharged by each process a mixture of mixed wastewater. Include: pre-processing stage (such as singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization) emissions desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization wastewater; dyeing stage of dyeing wastewater discharge; printing s

28、tage of waste water and discharge printing soaping wastewater; finishing stages of finishing wastewater discharge. Quality printing and dyeing wastewater with raw materials, production varieties, production technology and management level vary, leading to various printing and dyeing process wastewat

29、er discharge summary after the component is very complex. With the rapid development of industrial dyes and finishing technology, new additives, dyes, finishing agents in the dyeing industry, being used extensively in refractory toxic organic content are more and more, and some are carcinogenic, mut

30、ation, resulting in distortion of the organic matter, on the environment especially the water environment of threats and hazards is growing. Overall, the printing and dyeing wastewater is characterized by complex composition, organic matter content is high, dark color and chemical oxygen demand (COD

31、), whereas the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) is relatively low, poor biodegradability, emission volume. 1.2.2 the limitations of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment 80 years ago, our printing and dyeing wastewater biodegradability higher, CODcr often concentration 800mg / L the following, us

32、ing the traditional biological and physico-chemical co-treatment system, effluent discharge standards can be achieved. Past two decades, water quality printing and dyeing wastewater has undergone great changes. Traditional printing and dyeing wastewater treatment methods, such as adsorption, suspens

33、ion, filtration, coagulation and other features simple, easy to operate and process the advantages of maturity, but such treatment is usually to transfer organic matter from liquid to solid or gas, not only did not complete elimination of organic pollutants and consumption of chemicals and pollution

34、 caused by waste accumulation and secondary; biological methods can only remove the printing and dyeing wastewater BOD, COD, especially for toxic and refractory organics and color out of little effect. Single approach can not meet the current requirements of the development of dyeing wastewater. 2 P

35、rinting and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment and Trends 2.1 traditional methods and process improvement 2.1.1 Adsorption Charcoal activated carbon black. Black amorphous granular or fine powder. Activated carbon in the structure due to crystallite carbon is irregular, pores are in cross connection betwee

36、n, on the activation will produce carbon tissue defects, so it is a kind of porous carbon, low bulk density, large specific surface area, do not dissolve in any solvent. A selective adsorption capacities of various gas, organic pigment and nitrogenous base has high capacity of adsorption capacity. A

37、ctivated carbon has a strong " adsorption " and " chemical adsorption " role, can be certain organic compounds adsorption removal effect, making use of this theory, we can quickly and effectively remove harmful substances, the aquarium water odor and pigment and so on, so that th

38、e water quality directly and rapidly improve. Activated carbon adsorption is one of the most important the most effective technique of advanced treatment of city sewage, widely used. Activated carbon as an excellent adsorbent has been widely used in water treatment. The best adsorbent is still color

39、ed printing and dyeing wastewater. However, activated carbon is expensive, and the regeneration is difficult, so usually only applied to the low concentration of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment and advanced treatment. The biggest problem is difficult to achieve the adsorbent regeneration. A

40、t present, domestic and abroad, using activated carbon adsorption method, this method is very effective for the removal of dissolved organic matter in water, but it can't remove the dye colloidal and hydrophobic water, and it only cationic dyes, direct dyes, acid dyes, reactive dyes and other wa

41、ter-soluble dye has good adsorption performance. Activated carbon is not the effect on treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater of all types are the same. Activated carbon has selectivity to dyes, the decolorization performance in order of basic dyes, direct dyes, acid dyes and sulfur dyes. Usual

42、ly activated carbon from animal charcoal, charcoal, carbon to carbon based material through high temperature carbonization and activation. Activated carbon pore, hole, and lack of strong hydrophilic, hydrophobic dye molecules and the limitation of the internal diffusion, applicable to the molecular

43、weight of not more than 400 water soluble dye decolorization, poor decolorization of macromolecules or hydrophobic dyes. Using activated carbon can effectively remove the reactive dyes, basic dyes, wastewater of azo dye. Under certain conditions, activated carbon can also direct adsorption of some h

44、eavy metal ions. In addition, carbon adsorption water activity of soluble dye adsorption rate is high, but can not absorb the suspended solids and insoluble dye. Although excellent adsorption performance of activated carbon, but due to the high cost, generally used in low concentration of dye wastew

45、ater treatment and advanced treatment. 2.1.2 Coagulation Coagulation with low investment costs, equipment, small footprint, processing capacity, decolorization rate and so on. Coagulants are inorganic coagulants, organic coagulants and biological coagulant. Traditional coagulation decolorization eff

46、iciency on hydrophobic high. It requires change with changes in feed water quality conditions, the decolorization effect of hydrophilic poor, COD removal rate. How to choose an effective coagulation process and efficient coagulant, it is the key to the technology. 2.1.3 Chemical Oxidation Study of c

47、hemical oxidation is more mature approach. Oxidant commonly used Fenton reagent (Fe2, H2O2), ozone, chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, etc. According to the different oxidants, chemical oxidation can be divided into: ozone oxidation and Fenton's reagent oxidation. Ozonation does not produce sludge a

48、nd secondary pollution, high costs, however, not suitable for large flow waste water treatment, and CODcr removal rate. Seldom a single ozone treatment of dyeing wastewater, but will combine it with other methods, complementary to each other to achieve the best wastewater treatment effects. Wang Xia

49、ojun et al 13 with ozone - biological aerated filter wastewater treatment process 2.1.4 Electrochemical Electrochemical method has the equipment, small, small footprint, simple operation and management, CODcr removal rate and the bleaching of high and good, but the precipitation formation and consum

50、ption of large electrode materials, higher operating costs. The traditional electrochemical methods can be divided into electric flocculation, electric float, electro-oxidation and micro-electrolysis, electrolysis within the law. Many foreign researchers from the developing electrode materials with

51、high electrocatalytic activity to proceed, on the organic electro-catalytic oxidation mechanism of influencing factors and a more systematic application of theoretical study and preliminary research, the domestic research in this field has just started. 2.1.5 biological treatment Biological treatmen

52、t include aerobic and anaerobic methods. Currently the main method of dyeing wastewater using aerobic treatment. Divided into aerobic activated sludge and biofilm. A large number of both activated sludge decomposition of organic material, but also remove some color, you can fine-tune the pH value, h

53、igh efficiency and low cost of operation, effluent quality is better suited to deal with printing and dyeing wastewater with higher organic matter content; biofilm decolorization of dyeing wastewater than the activated sludge process. However, there are three biological methods can not solve its own

54、 problems: Department of residual sludge in higher costs; single-use biological Ji can not meet the needs of practical application; sometimes necessary to add a front-end to improve its wastewater biodegradability pretreatment, to improve the investment and operating costs. Only a single aerobic bio

55、logical treatment to remove part of readily biodegradable wastewater organic matter, color can not solve the problem. In order to reduce consumption and waste removal more difficult to degrade organic pollutants in the emergence of anaerobic - aerobic treatment process and the new biological technol

56、ogy. Anaerobic - aerobic anaerobic process can start with the acid production phase to remove part of the easily degradable organic pollutants, degradation of macromolecules will be more difficult to decompose organic matter to simpler organic molecules, and through aerobic biological treatment proc

57、ess to further remove. Anaerobic - aerobic treatment of biodegradable wastewater was difficult with the removal of pollution, high efficiency, stable and strong resistance capacity and so on. Studies have reported that anaerobic - aerobic process of dyeing wastewater, the influent CODcr to 1085mg /

58、L, BODS to 315mg / L in the case, both the removal rate up to 83.9 and 76.2, respectively, and then by fluidized bed natural oxidation and coagulation treatment to remove suspended solids, water up to emission standards. The traditional biological method of color removal is often not ideal, many dom

59、estic and foreign scholars dedicated to nurturing high-degradation activity of bacteria or improved treatment of dyeing wastewater, resulting in a bioaugmentation. The mechanism for the wastewater treatment system to increase the dominant species in nature or produced through genetic technology and efficient combination of bacteria, increased biomass, enhanced biomass response to removal of a particular