施老師高中英語寫作教學(xué)PPT課件

1、訓(xùn)練應(yīng)循序漸進(jìn) 訓(xùn)練書面表達(dá)不是盲目地練，應(yīng)從基礎(chǔ)練起。首先寫好簡(jiǎn)單句，掌握好五種基本句型；然后學(xué)寫并列句和復(fù)合句，注重句型轉(zhuǎn)換和重點(diǎn)句型操練；最后再進(jìn)行篇章訓(xùn)練。在進(jìn)行篇章訓(xùn)練時(shí)，要注意遣詞造句，布局謀篇，要學(xué)會(huì)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使全文邏輯意義正確。第1頁/共88頁不同階段的側(cè)重點(diǎn) 高一：興趣、習(xí)慣 高二：規(guī)范、仿寫 （體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)） 高三：提煉、升華 （遣詞造句，邏輯修辭等）第2頁/共88頁不斷積累是關(guān)鍵 要寫好英語作文，積累是很關(guān)鍵的。積累應(yīng)包括生活知識(shí)的積累和語言表達(dá)的積累?！昂穹e”才能“薄發(fā)”，只有平時(shí)做個(gè)有心人，才有可能在考試時(shí)寫出佳作。 第3頁/共88頁寫作需要積累 閱讀基礎(chǔ) 背誦積累

2、 摘錄優(yōu)美句子 寫正確的句子 復(fù)述和寫課文概要（controlled) 用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~和詞組還原課文概要（語感） 聽寫句子、課文概要、小故事等（語感） 排序題（邏輯思維）第4頁/共88頁幾種寫作訓(xùn)練形式 基于生活的寫作 基于閱讀的寫作 基于話題的寫作 基于項(xiàng)目的寫作 基于體裁的寫作 基于應(yīng)試的寫作第5頁/共88頁基于閱讀的寫作 沒有一定的目的語的輸入，輸出很難產(chǎn)生。（Krashen） “Nothing can be written before its read”.（Alexander） 閱讀幫助學(xué)生: 1）獲取語篇知識(shí)，豐富形式圖式； 2）獲取語言知識(shí)，豐富知識(shí)圖式； 3）獲得話題內(nèi)容，豐富內(nèi)容

3、圖式； 4) 獲得寫作技巧，豐富策略圖式；第6頁/共88頁選材（典型）閱讀和分析歸納特點(diǎn)練習(xí)（仿寫） 講評(píng)結(jié)構(gòu)語言輸入輸出策略指導(dǎo)重要第7頁/共88頁基于體裁的寫作第8頁/共88頁NarrativeDescriptive第9頁/共88頁Organization （format)State it- who? what? How?Explain or illustrate it- examplesRestate it- comment第10頁/共88頁Sample 1 Everyone has a hero in his mind, and mine is Deng Yaping, a talen

4、ted woman player of table tennis. Why was she able to make such brilliant achievements in spite of being short? It was because of her hard work and determination. As a little girl of four, she began to play table tennis under the strict guidance of her coach. She kept struggling until she became a m

5、ember of the National Training Team. Although she won many championships and medals, she remained modest and continued working hard. On her way to success, she proved that it was not height but hard work that mattered. She will always be a good guide to my action.第11頁/共88頁Sample 2 Today our class or

6、ganized an activity to visit Hongxing Farm (點(diǎn)題). In the early morning, We started excitedly from the gate of school on foot. One hour later, we arrived. The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head showed us around. We knew much about crops. At noon we had a picnic lunch on the grass. How

7、tasty the food and drinks were! After lunch, we began to amuse ourselves in group. Some danced and sang. Some chatted together. Two of us even played a game of chess. After the sun set, we had to leave and said good-bye to the workers. What an enjoyable day it was!第12頁/共88頁News report第13頁/共88頁Organi

8、zation Introduction Paragraph1 Summary of the event (time, place, people involved) Main body Paragraph23 Development of the event in detail, causes, consequences Conclusion Final paragraph Peoples comments /action taken 第14頁/共88頁Student volunteers Brought Sunshine to The Elderly On May Day, LiYue an

9、d Zhang Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. Then they started working at once, cleaning the windows a

10、ndsweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.whenwhowherewhatdetailed information第15頁/共88頁 When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember

11、it forever. LiYue and Zhang Hua were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. By Chen Jie, School Newspaperdetailed informationcomments第16頁/共88頁An Upside down Pyramidintroductionmain bodycomment第17頁/共88頁新聞?wù)Z體 simple words, but vivid expressions pictures the ev

12、ent in readers minds cause people to think objective brief but appealing 第18頁/共88頁應(yīng)用文 信函 通知 演講稿 便條第19頁/共88頁第20頁/共88頁invitationthanksrecommendationasking-for-help complaint refusalcongratulationsapplicationA letter of第21頁/共88頁 letter format 1(Receivers address)(your address)Date greetingDear xx,signa

13、tureYours sincerelyxxxTo Whom It May Concern: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.Body第22頁/共88頁 letter format 2(Receivers address)(your address)Date greet

14、ingDear xx,signatureYours sincerelyxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.Body第23頁/共88頁第24頁/共88頁reason第25頁/共88頁演講稿Organization Greetings Introducti

15、on of your topic Main body of the speech Closing of your speech第26頁/共88頁范例 學(xué)校將組織競(jìng)選新一屆學(xué)生會(huì)主席，你準(zhǔn)備參加競(jìng)選?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要求寫一篇競(jìng)選發(fā)言稿：1. 勝任條件：能力、愛好、性格2. 如果當(dāng)選，將為本校同學(xué)做 詞數(shù)：120-130左右第27頁/共88頁A Campaign SpeechGood morning, everyone! Today I am very glad to run for the president of the Students Union. I am junior in Engl

16、ish Department and I firmly believe I am competent for such a position.Several factors contribute to my confidence. For one thing, since I came into the school, I have always been the monitor in my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates, and both the classmates and teachers give me a g

17、ood praise. For another, I am good at communicating and organizing. Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball, football, etc. Therefore, I am sure that I am qualified for this position.第28頁/共88頁 Besides, if I become the president, I will try my best to do well. I will organize s

18、ome suitable activities for all the students in our school. I will do many things for you to meet your demands as well. I am sincerely hope that you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good president. Thank you very much for listening!第29頁/共88頁看圖作文 一，感性認(rèn)識(shí)過程，即通過畫面直接獲得信息的過程（究

19、竟畫面展示了一個(gè)什么情景）； 二，理性認(rèn)識(shí)過程，即針對(duì)畫面發(fā)揮想象力，挖掘畫面間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系融入自己的思想與見解（畫面的內(nèi)涵是什么）。 第30頁/共88頁一、只做描述的看圖作文（記事） Description of the picture.二、要求描述并簡(jiǎn)評(píng)的看圖作文（漫畫） Description of the picture. The writers opinion or comment on the event.第31頁/共88頁Organization Illustration of the chart / table / graph / pie Explanation of the r

20、esult Conclusion your opinion 第32頁/共88頁2000年假設(shè)你是李華，在美國探親。20002000年2 2月8 8日清晨，你目擊一起交通事故。警察局讓你寫一份材料，報(bào)告當(dāng)時(shí)所見情況。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列圖畫寫出報(bào)告。 注意：目擊者應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確報(bào)告事實(shí)；詞數(shù)100100左右；結(jié)尾已為你寫好。About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua 第33頁/共88頁 It was 7:15 on the morning of Febru

21、ary 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a

22、 cry. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua20002000One possible versionOne possible version第34頁/共88頁 黨中央

23、號(hào)召全國人民樹立“八榮八恥”榮辱觀，仔細(xì)觀看下面這組漫畫，根據(jù)要求以 Beauty Comes From Action為題寫一篇120詞左右的短文。漂亮女郎的行為 殘疾老人的行為 你的評(píng)論 第35頁/共88頁五個(gè)環(huán)節(jié) 一“抓”: 抓主題。首先，根據(jù)圖片內(nèi)容確定好題材與體裁是寫人還是寫景，是說理還是敘事，是書信還是日記或其他應(yīng)用文體。這一環(huán)節(jié)可采用： 1. 求同法，即尋找畫面中相同的人物、地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間等，來確定主線，不致于跑題； 2. 求異法，即觀察幾幅圖的不同之處，挖掘出它們之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系從而確定體裁。 第36頁/共88頁 二“列”: 列要點(diǎn)。由于書面表達(dá)是以一定的情景為基礎(chǔ)，考查具有一定的針對(duì)

24、性，因此要點(diǎn)要全面，無遺漏。 要點(diǎn)主要是結(jié)合圖片中的情景用自己熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯列出，忌用生疏的結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯按漢語思維盲目羅列，原則“不求難，不求異，唯求準(zhǔn)”。 第37頁/共88頁 三“變”: 變要點(diǎn)為句子。將第二個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中所羅列的要點(diǎn)，先按一定的時(shí)間、空間及邏輯順序排列；然后選定恰當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z與人稱，再根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主謂關(guān)系拓詞成句。結(jié)合學(xué)生實(shí)際，要求用他們熟悉、簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)，避免因用長句和大量的復(fù)合句而出現(xiàn)過多的語法錯(cuò)誤。切勿用漢語思維生造句子。第38頁/共88頁 四“連”: 連句成篇。這一環(huán)節(jié)是最關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)。首先，要根據(jù)題目所要求及畫面展示確定好題材與體裁。其次，要確定好行文的人稱與時(shí)態(tài)

25、的基調(diào)。再次，要在句與句以及段與段之間加一些表轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)和因果等關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與過渡句，使文章前后照應(yīng)，行文流暢。最后結(jié)合題目要求字?jǐn)?shù)適當(dāng)加入一些表達(dá)自己思想、見解的內(nèi)容，使文章豐滿顯得有血有肉。第39頁/共88頁 五“檢”: 文章檢查。文章寫成之后錯(cuò)誤在所難免，檢查這一環(huán)節(jié)不能省。檢查可從如下幾方面入手： 1. 文章的體裁格式是否正確。 2. 要點(diǎn)有無遺漏。 3. 句子（人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語搭配等）。 4. 詞匯（意義、拼寫、時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，形容詞與動(dòng)詞的形式，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)）。 5. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否有遺漏與錯(cuò)誤。第40頁/共88頁說 明 文第41頁/共88頁Organization I

26、ntroduction Main body： Fact A Fact B Fact C Conclusion第42頁/共88頁范 例 某制藥廠研制了一種新中藥，藥品已被外商訂購。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)提示為該產(chǎn)品寫一份使用說明書： 1. 本品為中藥，對(duì)心臟病療效顯著。 2. 常量：每天三次，一次兩粒（pill），根據(jù)情況可加服一至二粒。 3. 服藥后，身體不適要停服。70歲以上老人和10歲以下的小孩禁服。 4本藥品應(yīng)存放在陰涼干燥處。 5. 使用本藥品要嚴(yán)格遵從醫(yī)囑。 注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右 2. 包括要點(diǎn)，但不要逐句翻譯。第43頁/共88頁One possible version This is a

27、 kind of Chinese medicine and has a good effect on heart disease. Take two pills each and three times a day. You can take one or two extra pills each time according to your own condition. It depends. Cautious: If you feel uncomfortable, stop using it at once. Kids below 10 and adults above 70 are fo

28、rbidden to use it. Youd better use the medicine under the guidance of a doctor. Always put it in a cool and dry place. 第44頁/共88頁基于應(yīng)試的寫作 限詞量限框架限時(shí)間 第45頁/共88頁質(zhì)量要求 要點(diǎn)全面、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、語句連貫?；菊Z法和常用句型無嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤，意思表達(dá)清楚。鼓勵(lì)使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，新穎詞匯和順暢連接。所謂復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)包括定語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝、被動(dòng)、虛擬、非謂語短語、so.that和with加復(fù)合賓語等。能用書寫體熟練清楚地書寫，格式、連筆、詞距、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確。書寫格式、

29、行文及禮貌用語等無嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。第46頁/共88頁幾個(gè)方面的問題 詞匯基礎(chǔ)薄弱。主要表現(xiàn)在寫作中單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤多，數(shù)的概念模糊，同義、近義詞辨析不清，時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)誤用，詞語搭配不當(dāng)或畫蛇添足等。句子結(jié)構(gòu)模糊。一些考生刻意追求寫長句或優(yōu)美句，反而使得文章的句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，讀了讓人感覺不知所云。第47頁/共88頁母語痕跡明顯。在書面表達(dá)閱卷過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)很多中國式英語?？忌脻h語的思維去構(gòu)思和組織文句，可是其英語水平遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到這個(gè)水平，結(jié)果自然是詞不達(dá)意，錯(cuò)誤百出。篇章邏輯混亂。綜觀全篇，無論是段與段的轉(zhuǎn)換，還是句與句的連貫，都讓人覺得突然，沒有做好各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的順利過渡和主題內(nèi)容的更迭，使文章缺乏整體性、層次感和

30、可讀性。 第48頁/共88頁訓(xùn)練要點(diǎn) 第一輪復(fù)習(xí)跟課練（詞組、句型） 第二輪復(fù)習(xí)練體裁、以話題為主線 考前練熱點(diǎn) 重視謀篇布局（各類體裁的架構(gòu)） 重視遣詞造句 重視拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、書寫、大小寫、語法 重視對(duì)學(xué)生范文的積累和講評(píng)第49頁/共88頁寫作教學(xué)中的注意事項(xiàng) 寫作教學(xué)中： 教師的作用在于幫助學(xué)生形成一套可行的寫作策略； 1）動(dòng)筆前的醞釀（選題、收集資料、構(gòu)思、明 確中心思想、擬提綱、定步驟）， 2）起草 3) 修改（增補(bǔ)、刪減、更改、調(diào)整思路）， 4）以及校訂（注意修辭、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法等） 第50頁/共88頁 Think PolishRevise Draft第51頁/共88頁學(xué)生習(xí)作討論和點(diǎn)

31、評(píng)修改潤色再次點(diǎn)評(píng)上次作文當(dāng)堂寫 定稿上交抽樣同一樣本第52頁/共88頁修改應(yīng)考慮下列內(nèi)容 主題是否突出，有沒有中心句。 段落安排是否合理。 語言是否流暢，地道。 有否重復(fù)使用的詞語和表達(dá)方式。 有否拼寫錯(cuò)誤。 文章格式是否正確。 文章的開頭和結(jié)尾是否合理、正確。 文章是否有條理性和邏輯性。第53頁/共88頁對(duì)作文的評(píng)改途徑 學(xué)習(xí)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（高考） 學(xué)生自評(píng)互評(píng) 課堂點(diǎn)評(píng)，課后修改 第54頁/共88頁重視范文的示范作用 范文的作用是不可忽視的。優(yōu)秀的范文有很大的借鑒作用。所以建議考生閱讀，甚至可以背誦各種文體的優(yōu)秀范文，也可進(jìn)行模仿寫作，并力求有自己的創(chuàng)意。 第55頁/共88頁作文范例How t

32、o describe a person.第56頁/共88頁NarrativeDescriptive第57頁/共88頁Organization （format)State it- who? what? How?Explain it- examplesRestate it- comment第58頁/共88頁A good friend of mine by Sherry Do you have a friend who always cheers you up when you are down, always ready to give you a hand when you get into t

33、rouble, and always be at your side? Im lucky enough to say “yes”. I have a precious friend and weve known each other for ages. She is a lovely girl full of love and patience. Whenever I have problems, shes always the first to help me. So I think she is also quite selfless. Whats more, being generous

34、 and tolerant is her good quality, too. Shed like to share a lot of things with me, and she chooses to forgive me instead of scolding me when I make mistakes.A good start with a question!The first exampleThe second example第59頁/共88頁 However, she is not a perfect person, so we both get a good understa

35、nding of each other. Although we have entered different schools now, I believe our friendship will keep green.A nice conclusion.第60頁/共88頁Friends Teenagers love making friends with a lot of people, because they learn new and fresh ideas from these people. Since they are about the same age, teenagers

36、find that it is easier to communicate with their friends. Whenever they have a problem, they always seek help from their friends to solve the problem.第61頁/共88頁 Faithful friends are great treasures to us. They are reliable and will surely offer their help willingly whenever we meet difficulty. Howeve

37、r, faithful friends will never try to cover our mistakes for us. We should not blame them for this because this act helps us become more responsible individuals. Not only human beings, but also animals and things can become our friends. Friendship is normally based on understanding. As long as you c

38、an understand an animal or a thing, you can become its friend. 第62頁/共88頁 Once friendship is established, the most difficult thing in maintaining it is to be sincere. To be a sincere friend, one should first be considerate. Besides this, one should share his friends happiness and sadness. A sincere f

39、riend will be very happy when his friend is successful and will feel worried if his friend is in trouble. It is not easy to obtain a faithful friend. If you do, please cherish him/her, because he/she may be the only faithful friend you will meet in the whole life.第63頁/共88頁作文講評(píng)How to express your opi

40、nion.第64頁/共88頁The first step Make a list of the reasons . a global language a working language many books/ movies in English to use computers/ the Internet to study abroad to trade with people from to learn its culture 第65頁/共88頁The second step Ask yourself which reasons come first.1. a global langua

41、ge a working language4. many books/ movies are in English5. to use computers/ the Internet2. to study abroad6. to trade with people from3. to learn its culture 第66頁/共88頁Organization Put forward the question you are going to discuss in the passage. Give your reasons one by one. Sum up what you have d

42、iscussed. 第67頁/共88頁An example-by Summer As we all know, more and more people are learning English nowadays, especially the Chinese people like most of us. But why should we spend much time in learning a foreign language? Is it only a task? The answer is definitely “No”. Learning English has many spe

43、cial reasons. Fisrt of all, it is a useful tool of communication. English is now spoken in many different countries all over the world as as offical language. It helps a lot if you can speak English quite well, especially when you travel abroad. 第68頁/共88頁 Secondly, if you can speak English as those

44、native speakers, youll be able to make a better living easily. As a student, learning English well is the first step to enter these excellent schools abroad. And if you want to be a businessman, an interpretor or work in some other careers, it is one of the most important skills for you to reach suc

45、cess. Thirdly, a language is always the symbol of a nation, conveying its culture. And so is English. It is even a mixture of many different cultures based on its long development. So when we learn English, try to treasure it. It will be valuable and useful in our lives.第69頁/共88頁Ways of Improving Re

46、ading- by Kevin As we all know, English mainly contains five skills, namely, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translating. I think I am Ok with them except the skill of reading. I always find that my reading speed is not quick enough. Sometimes, I try to speed up on purpose, but soon find

47、I can only remember less things than before. I didnt come up with a good solution to this problem until a talk with a friend of mine yesterday.第70頁/共88頁 He told me that reading fast is not really difficult. He suggested me moving my eyes properly. In other words, controlling the movements of my eyes

48、. He also told me that I could practise skimming or scanning in order to improve the reading speed, but my brain should keep up with that speed simultaneously. But the process should be taken step by step, just like the other parts of English. Its an accumulation, a process of long-run practice. He

49、added in the end.第71頁/共88頁 I followed his advice, and soon, to my surprise, I could really read faster! Now I believe that , to do something well, a good method is especially important, and then comes the practice and perseverance. 第72頁/共88頁期末作文點(diǎn)評(píng)第73頁/共88頁 你所在的學(xué)校將要舉辦一次主題為“What Can We Do for Our Scho

50、ol?” 的英語演講比賽。請(qǐng)寫一篇英語演講稿，要求從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述, 并舉例說明。 1. 美化校園； 2. 愛護(hù)學(xué)校設(shè)施； 3. 營造良好的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍。 注意：1. 不要在書面表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)本人姓名； 2. 詞數(shù)：100左右； 3. 參考詞匯：校園 campus； 設(shè)施 facilities; 氛圍 environment 4. 開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，但是不計(jì)入詞數(shù)。第74頁/共88頁Organization Greetings Introduction of your topic Main body of the speech Closing of your speech 第75頁/共88頁M

51、ain body of the speech 美化校園 愛護(hù)學(xué)校設(shè)施 營造良好的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍第76頁/共88頁Structure of the main body Firstly, we can make our school campus more beautiful. Secondly, its our duty to take care of the facilities in our school. Thirdly, (In addition, Whats more, ) we should create a good learning environment. First of all,

52、 Then., Finally First, Second, Last but not least, 第77頁/共88頁Conclusion I believe that if everyone contributes a little, our school campus will be more beautiful and comfortable. If every tiny thing is done well and often, our school will certainly be our second home. What we do can make our school b

53、etter than you expect. Those are what we can do. After all, school is our second home. School is our second home and we should protect it together. Lets get moving!第78頁/共88頁P(yáng)roblems Organization . Logical thinking. Common mistakes. Redundant information.第79頁/共88頁 指代不清 Second, we should protect our facilities. For example, we can n