第五講 維多利亞時期

1、The Victorian Period1. The Victorian Period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victorian from 1836 to 1901, the most glorious in the English history.2. Towards the mid-19th century, England had reached its highly point of development as a world power. 3. Darwins The origin of species and The

2、Descent of Man shook theoretical basic of traditional faith. 4. Famous novelists like Charles Dickens , William Makepeace Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte , Emily Bronte, Mrs. Gaskell and Anthony Trollope. What are the characteristics of Victorian literature?A. As a product of its age, it naturally took

3、on its quality of magnitude and diversity. It was many-sided and complex, and reflected romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in peoples life and thought. B. Victorian literature has the high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness , the good-natured humor and

4、unbounded imagination are all unprecedented.What were the common things shared by the novelists of Victorian Period? Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, the novelists of this age shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of

5、the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality. What are the literary characteristics of English critical realism?A. English critical realism of the 19th century, flourished in the forties and in the early fifties;B. The critical realists descri

6、bed with much vividness and artistic skill the chief trait of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint;C. The realists not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruining classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common peop

7、le.D. Humor and satire abound in the English realistic novels of the 19th century.E.The critical realists did not, due to their world outlook, and could not find a way to eradicate social evils.o Representatives:Dickens:_The Bronte Sisters:_Tennyson:_Robert Browning:_George Eliot:_Thomas Hardy:_ Cha

8、rles Dickens(狄更斯)一. The literary thoughts :1. It is his serious intention to expose and criticize in his works all the poverty , injustice ,hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him . 2. But his social attitudes are very complicated . He hates the state apparatus, but as a bourgeois writer ,

9、he can in no way supply any fundamental solution to the social plights .3. At the same time , he hopes to call peoples attention to the existing social problems , thus effecting some reform. 二. The works :Most of his works are deeply rooted in his knowledge of that petty-bourgeois urban world . A co

10、mbination of optimism about people and realism about the society is present from the very beginning. o 1. The earlier works : In his early novels , he attacks one or more specific social evils . o A. Papers of the Pickwick lifted him into a position of fame and fortune . o B. Others include : Oliver

11、 Twist ,Nicholas Nickleby , David Copperfield ,Martin Chuzzlewit and Dombey and Son . 2. The later works:The later works show the development of Dickens towards a highly conscious artist of the modern type . The physical settings here are sometimes a mixture of the contemporary and the recollected p

12、ast .o A. All of the works , with the exception of A Tale of Two Cities , Present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England . o B. Others include : Bleak House , Little Dorrit , Hard Times , Great Expectations and Our Mutual

13、Friend. 三. The artistic features :1. In language :o A. With his first sentence, he engages the readers attention and holds it to the end . The settings of his stories have an extraordinary vividness, a result of years intimacy and rich imagination. o B. In language, he is often compared with Shakesp

14、eare for his adeptness with the vernacular and large vocabulary. His humor and wit seem inexhaustible. 2. In Character-portrayal :o A. Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works. o B. His best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless child chara

15、cters. o C. And he is also famous for the depiction of those horrible and grotesque characters like Fagin. o D. These characters are impressive not only because they are true to life, but also because they are often larger than life. 3. The mingling of humor and pathos :o A. He seems to believe that

16、 life is itself a mixture of joy and grief. Life is delightful because it is at once comic and tragic. He is a humorist . o B. To match his humorous genius, Dickens is also noted for his pictures of pathos. 真題采擷7Among the works by Charles Dickens _ presents his criticism of the Utilitarian principle

17、 that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds.o ABleak Houseo BPickwick Papero CGreat Expectations o DHard Times （08）088The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens works is his _. o Asimple vocabulary o Bbitter and sharp criticismo Ccharacter-portrayalo Dpi

18、ctures of happiness07o 22Dickens works are characterized by a mingling of _ and pathos.o AhumorBsatireo Cpassion Dmetaphor0546.“Let it not be supposed by the enemies of the system, that during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of societ

19、y, or the advantages of religious consolation.”o What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?參考答案oA. the sentence is a typical example of irony. What Dickens intends to say is just the opposite of the sentences literal meaning.oB. for the “b

20、enefit” of exercise, Oliver was whipped every morning in a stone yard; for the “pleasure” of society, he was carried every other day into the dining hall and flogged as a public warning and example to the boys; as for the “advantages” of religious consolation, he was kicked into the same apartment e

21、very evening at prayer time and listened to the boys prayer to be guarded against his sins and vices.oC. the ironic statement is, in fact, a bitter denunciation and fierce attack at the brutal, inhuman treatment of the poor orphan by the workhouse authority.o評分參考：A、B、C三點每點各2分，只要考生答對任意兩點即可給滿分。語言錯誤酌情扣

22、分。0417. Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best _ characters created by Charles Dickens.o A. comic o B.tragico C. roundo D.sophisticated重點o 狄更斯作品中的幽默與哀婉情感的交融主要表現(xiàn)在哪些方面？o 比較狄更斯前期與后期作品的思想和藝術(shù)特征。o 狄更斯作品中的人物刻畫及其批判現(xiàn)實主義意義。Charlotte Bronte一. The works o 1. Charl

23、ottes first novel was The Professor（教授）. But her second one, Jane Eyre（簡愛）, won immediate success . o 2. Her next important novel was Shirley（雪莉）. o 3. Another novel Villette(維萊特) appeared in 1853, this is her most autobiographical work. 二. Charlottes works :1. The theme :oCharlottes works are all a

24、bout the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self -realization , about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life .2. The thoughts :oCharlotte would usually stick to the Puritanical code. In her mind , mans life is composed

25、of perpetual battle between sin and virtue. 3. The artistic features:oShe is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. on one hand, she presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society . On the other hand , her writings are marked throughout by an intensity of vision and passion . 三. T

26、he selected Reading:1. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte:o A. The work is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age . it is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society . o B. At same time , it is an intense moral fable（寓言故事）. Jane , like Mr. Rochester , has to undergo a

27、 series of physical and moral tests . o C. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine . 真題采擷o 49Analyze the character of Jane Eyre based on the selection taken from Chapter X X of Jane Eyre. （07）o A. Jane Eyre, an orphan child with a fie

28、ry spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master.o B. In Chapter X X , Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester but she is aware that her love is out of the question. When forced to confront Mr. Rochester, she desperately and

29、openly declares her equality with him and her love for him.重點o 簡愛的社會意義？o 簡愛中女主人公的塑造有何特點？o Charlotte Bronte的創(chuàng)作思想和主題是什么？Thomas Hardy一.The works :1. The novels :o A. His first novel is Desperate Remedies.o B. The Real success came with under the Greenwood Tree. o C. The publication of Far from the Madd

30、ing Crowd enabled him to give up architecture for writing . o D. His last two novels : Tess of the DUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure. 2. The poetry :o The most famous is The Dynasts , a long epic-drama about the Napoleonic Wars .二. The literary creation :1. The tragic sense: From The Return of the N

31、ative on , the tragic sense becomes the keynote of his novels. 2. nostalgic sense: In the Wessex novels , there is an apparent nostalgic touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life. 3. The Darwinism :o He read Darwins The Origin of Species and accepted the idea of survival of the fittest. He was also influenced by Spencers The First Principle . 4. The criticism :o Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardy s works , there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the irrational , hy