英語句子概論

1、 英語句子概論基本成分 附屬成分 獨立成分 省略成分 連接成分 簡單句 、并列句、復(fù)合句英語的基本成分有七種： 主語（subject） 謂語（predicate） 表語（predicative） 賓語（object） 賓語補足語 ( object complement） 定語（attribute） 狀語 (adverbial)主語：是句子要說明的人或物,可以作主語的成分有名詞，主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 1) Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.2) He reads newspapers everyday.3) Two and six

2、is eight.4) Smoking is harmful to the health.5) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.謂語: 說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征。1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.2) Her father is an engineer.3) She seemed tired.4) Li Hua showed me his album. 賓語:指的是及物動詞涉及到的人或物.1

3、) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.2) The medicine is good for a cough.3) How many notebooks do you want?4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?6) He asked me what I was going to do in summer.賓語補足語:在賓語后面補充說明 賓語 的動作,狀態(tài),特征.1) The governm

4、ent appointed her chief delegate to the conference.2) I dont believe the story true.3) You should put your things in order.4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.表語：是謂語的一部分，它位于系動 詞如be之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。1)Wangs father is a doctor.2) He is always ca

5、reless.3) The basketball match is on.4) All the pupils are on the playground now.5) Our aim is to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The question is who can really repair the machines.定語:是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示。 Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students. His boy needs

6、Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom. There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。 1)

7、 She sings quite well.2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He sits there, asking for a pen. 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German.同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同

8、一批學生）We all are students. / (all是we的同位語，都指同樣的我們） The news that our team won was true .練習：用符號標出下列句子的成分：1) I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday.2) Her father became a Party member in 1950.3) To sleep on a spring bed is very comfortable.4) Mr. Hopkins teaches Mary English.5) She knows how to teach En

9、glish properly.6) The next morning, we found him lying in bed, dead. 7) Being Chinese, we care much about how many gold medals the Chinese team has got. 8). Who are you looking for? *主語、動詞（不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及補語可以 稱為基本句子成分。* 完整的句子一般至少包含2個基本成分，至多4個基本成分。 簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列

10、四種作用中的一種。 作一種陳述、 提出一個問題、 發(fā)出一種命令或請求、表示一種感嘆Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!簡單句成分的順序：主語 動詞部分 賓語 狀語 （謂語） 方式地點時間Ibought a hat yeste

11、rday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.一 簡單句只含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子（有時有并列主語或并列謂語動詞）叫做簡單句。二 簡單句的基本句型。主語 不及物動詞 （ S +V )She came/ My head aches.主語 及物動詞 賓語 (

12、S + V + O)She likes English.主語 系動詞 表語 She is happy主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 （ S+V +O1 +O2 )She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 賓補動詞 賓語 賓語補語 ( S + V +O +賓補）She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.三 指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。 I will spend this

13、 summer holiday in the countryside. In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. I can hear birds singing in the green trees. I can also go boating

14、, fishing, and swimming in the lake. All this will be interesting and good for my health. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _2. ( S + V +O ) _3. ( S + V + C ) _4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _5. ( S + V + O + C ) _6. There be 句型 _附屬成分基本成分的修飾語。可以是： 定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代

15、詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。定 語Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.狀 語John often came to chat with meJohn li

16、kes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.基本句型（一）主語+不及物動詞 ( S + V )1. 他昨

17、天早上起床很晚。_2. 那天晚上我們談了很多。_3. 會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。_4. 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五四”運動.( the May Fourth Movement)_5. 這個盒子重五斤。(kilo)_6. 五年前我住在北京。_7. 在過去十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。_基本句型（二）主語+及物動詞+賓語( S + V +O )1. 昨晚我寫了一封信。_2. 我父親能流利地說英語。fluently_3. 你介意我開窗戶嗎？_4. 你們必須在兩周之內(nèi)看完那些書。_5. 他指出我的作文中的錯誤。point out, composition_6. 我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生。_7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。_8. 寫完作文后，我們必須檢查一遍。go over_基本句型（三）主語+系動詞+表語( S + V + C )1.我的兄弟都是大學生。_2. 這本書是關(guān)于美國歷史的書。_3. 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。nursery_4. 他失業(yè)了。_5. 樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。_6. 這個報告聽起來很有意思。_7. 布朗夫人看起來很健康。_8. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。pianist_9. 孩子們，請保持安靜。 _基本句型（四）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。_2. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？dic