輪胎式起重機轉向系設計

1、畢業(yè)設計（論文）畢業(yè)設計題目：輪胎式起重機轉向系姓 名：專 業(yè)： 機電一體化班 級：學 號：指導教師：目錄 一. 輪胎式起重機轉向系的作用二. 輪式起重機轉向系的基本組成 三. 輪式起重機轉向系的分類3.1機械轉向系 ································

2、;··················································

3、;···········23.2動力轉向機構 ·····································

4、··················································

5、·3 四. 轉向系故障排除4.1轉向系常見故障分析與排除 ············································&#

6、183;···········24.2 轉向沉重 ····································

7、3;·················································

8、3;············14.3輪胎起重機行駛自動跑偏 ···································

9、···························14.4轉向不靈、操縱不穩(wěn) ····················

10、3;·················································

11、3;·14.5前輪擺頭 ···············································&

12、#183;·················································&

13、#183;··1 五. 典型故障原因分析5.1故障一 ············································

14、;··················································

15、;·········25.2故障二 ·······································

16、83;·················································

17、83;·············25.3故障三 ···································&

18、#183;·················································&

19、#183;·················25.4故障四 ·······························

20、;··················································

21、;······················25.5故障五 ··························

22、83;·················································

23、83;··························25.6故障六 ······················&

24、#183;·················································&

25、#183;······························2一、 輪胎式起重機轉向系的作用輪胎式起重機在行使過程中需要改行使方向時，駕駛員通過輪式起重機轉向系使輪式起重機轉系轉向橋（一般是前橋）上的車輪相對于輪式起重機縱軸線偏轉一定的角度。另外，當輪式起重機直線行使時，轉向輪往往會受到路

26、面?zhèn)?向干擾力的作用而自動偏轉，從而改變了原來的行使方向，此時，駕駛員也可以通過輪式起重機轉向系使轉向轉向相反的方向偏轉，恢復輪式起重機原來的行使方向。輪式起重機轉向系的功用是改變和保持輪式起重機的行使方向。二、 輪式起重機轉向系的基本組成盡管現(xiàn)代輪式轉向系的結構形式多種多樣，但都包括轉向系統(tǒng)操縱機構、轉向器和專項傳動機構三個基本組成部分。轉向操縱機構是駕駛員操縱轉向器的工作機構，主要由轉向盤、轉向軸、轉向管柱等組成。 轉向器是將轉向盤的轉動變?yōu)檗D向搖臂的擺動或齒條軸的直線往復運動，并對轉向操縱力進行放大的機構。轉向器一般固定在輪胎式起重機車架或車身上，轉向操縱力通過轉向器后一般還會改變傳動方

27、向。轉向傳動機構是將轉向器輸出的力和運動傳給車輪（轉向節(jié)），并使左、右車輪按一定關系進行偏轉。三、 輪式起重機轉向系的分類按轉向能源的不同，轉向系可分為機械轉向系和動力轉向西兩大類。（一） 機械轉向系機械轉向系是以人力作為惟一的轉向動力源，其中所有傳力件都是機械的。如下圖所示就是一種機械式轉向系。當需要轉向時，駕駛員對轉向盤1施加一個轉向力矩，該力矩通過轉向軸2輸入轉向器8。從轉向盤到轉向軸這一系列部件和零件即屬于轉向操作機構。作為減速傳動裝置的轉向器中常有12級減速傳動副，下圖所示轉向系中的轉向器為單級減速傳動副。經(jīng)轉向器放大后的力矩和減速后的運動到轉向橫拉桿6，再傳給固定于轉向節(jié)3上的轉向

28、節(jié)臂5，使轉向結合它所支承的轉向輪偏轉，從而改變了汽車的行使方向。這里，轉向橫拉桿和轉向節(jié)臂屬于轉向傳動機構。（二） 動力轉向機構操縱方向盤時，如下圖所示，通過傘齒輪箱和轉向機構箱帶動轉向閥的油缸側。油缸和閥桿上分別設有油孔，并且通過油缸和閥桿的相互作用，內(nèi)外油孔有時會接通，有時會錯開，從而進行油路的“通”和“斷”的。上圖所示為轉向盤向右轉動時的情況，這時轉向器的油缸連接見下圖。右轉時，轉向閥如箭頭所示被推到后邊，從而使油缸側油孔與閥桿側油孔互相連通。液壓泵的液壓油流進轉向助力矩的“伸出側”，向左推動轉向橫位桿，并經(jīng)過橫位桿臂使轉向節(jié)順時針方向轉動。由于轉向節(jié)轉動，轉向節(jié)臂把轉向縱拉桿推向箭頭的方向，并經(jīng)過轉向垂臂把轉向縱拉桿推向箭頭的方向。上述一連串動作是利用從液壓泵經(jīng)過轉向閥流入的油量來加以控制的，但這些動作同時又會進一步拉出轉向閥的閥桿，使接通的油孔遮斷。因此，把轉向盤轉動到某一個角度時，轉向節(jié)就會相應地轉動，并且在轉向閥的接通油孔被遮斷的位置停止下來。如果接著進一步轉動轉向盤，轉向閥油孔就會在與轉向盤的傳動角相對應的位置被折斷。由此可見，轉向盤的轉動角與輪胎的轉動角之