英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解一.概念：英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的 動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。2 .種類：(基本時(shí)態(tài))一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)3 .用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-e$(2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .(包括be動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.(3)注意：1) 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與

2、 always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a wee時(shí) 問狀語(yǔ)連用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .2)表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .3)表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the country .

3、(4)否定句和疑問句1) He is an engineer.He isn ' t an engineer.Is he an engineer?Yes, he is ./ No, he isn' t.2) -We get up at 7:30 in the morning .We don ' t get up at 7:30 in the morning .Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?Yes, we do. / No, we don ' t.3) -He likes music.He doesn ' t l

4、ike music.Does he like music?Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn ' t .2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一(1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in thosedoyg用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .(2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .過(guò)去時(shí)+賓語(yǔ)+例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙了。兩年前他去

5、參軍了。他在1990年去世了。(3)否定句和疑問句。a)-He was busy yesterday.He wasn ' t busy.Was he busy?Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.b)-He smoked last year.He didn ' t smoke last year.Did he smoke last year?Yes ,he did ./No ,hedidn ' t.c)-He joined the army in 1990.-Did he join the army in 1990?-Yes ,he did ./No

6、,he didn(4)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化：do-didbegin-beganmake-madecut-cutgo-wentdrink-dranklielayset-set'e-camekeep-keptdig-dugletletrun-ranleave-lefteatateread-read3. 一股將來(lái)時(shí)(1)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)write-wrotesleep-slept know-knewhurt-hurttomorrow, the dayHe didn ' t joined the army in 1990.after tomorr

7、ow, next Sunday, soon, in a few da ys連用。(2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ will/shall+V.原形+(第一人稱用shall)I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.- -She will be 20 years old.- -Will she be 20 years old?- -Yes, she will./ No, she won' t .(3)主語(yǔ) + will/shall + V.原形 + be(am, is, are)going toThey wi

8、ll have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )- -What will they do next Sunday ?-When will they have a meeting?(4) be about t計(jì) V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.(V)They are about to set out soon.(x )復(fù)習(xí)題：1 .He (do) his homework at school every day.2 .They(finis

9、h) their work yesterday.3 .We (visit) their farm next year.4 .我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯。5 .他將騎自行車去學(xué)校。6 .他們下周日將去買汽車。7 .過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主 要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +would/should was/were going to +V原形 + He said that he would have a meeting next week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)Th

10、ey said we should leave school tomorrow.(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)8 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與 now, at present 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be(am, is, are)+ ving + You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English

11、 at present .It ' s raining hard now.9 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,通常與at 6:00 yesterday, atthis/ that time yesterday, when弓I導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be (was/were) +v- ing + It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.We were reading whe

12、n the teacher came in.We weren ' t reading Were you reading What were you doing when the teacher came in.7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：up to now, in the past, recently, by 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ have/has + P.P劭詞過(guò)去分詞)I &

13、#39; ve finished this work.He has ever been to Australia.I have not heard from her recently.I have already read this book.Have you read ？Yes, I have. No, I haven ' t.What have you read?(3)過(guò)去分詞的不規(guī)則變化do did donego went goneeat ate eatencome came comehave had hadwrite wrote writtenbe was/were beens

14、ee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank drunkgive gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought boughttell told toldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadlet let let( 4)注意1)含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與for, since 引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(buy

15、, begin, die, come, go , join, leav#)I have bought a book.I have had a book for 3 years.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.He have joined the army for 3 years.（wrong）He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years

16、since he died.He has died for 2 years. （wrong）He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.（ 5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別）1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間。 即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果， 而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。例如：I have seen the film.我看過(guò)這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）I saw the film t

17、hree days ago.三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影 ）Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天）2）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already yet, just, ever,never; before年副詞以及“ for+ 段時(shí)間”，“ since+ 過(guò)去時(shí)間/ 從句”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與“段時(shí)間+a

18、go”just now, yesterday last week等表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：She has lived here since two years ago.她兩年前就住在這里了。She lived here two years ago.兩年前她住在這里。He has been in the League for three years.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”， 常與by the time, by the end of枇鄱&時(shí),閹獷勺狀語(yǔ)連用。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+When I got to