英語時態(tài)種基本時態(tài)講解

1、英語時態(tài)8種基本時態(tài)講解一.概念：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動詞形式表示，這種不同的 動詞形式稱為時態(tài)。2 .種類：(基本時態(tài))一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時3 .用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時常以動詞原形表示，但當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞詞尾加-s或-e$(2)句型結構：主語+V .(包括be動詞)+賓語+She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.(3)注意：1) 般現(xiàn)在時通常與

2、 always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a wee時 問狀語連用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .2)表客觀現(xiàn)實或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .3)表永遠性的動作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the country .

3、(4)否定句和疑問句1) He is an engineer.He isn ' t an engineer.Is he an engineer?Yes, he is ./ No, he isn' t.2) -We get up at 7:30 in the morning .We don ' t get up at 7:30 in the morning .Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?Yes, we do. / No, we don ' t.3) -He likes music.He doesn ' t l

4、ike music.Does he like music?Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn ' t .2. 一般過去時一(1) 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過去的時間狀語 yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in thosedoyg用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .(2)句型結構：主語+V .過去時+賓語+例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙了。兩年前他去

5、參軍了。他在1990年去世了。(3)否定句和疑問句。a)-He was busy yesterday.He wasn ' t busy.Was he busy?Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.b)-He smoked last year.He didn ' t smoke last year.Did he smoke last year?Yes ,he did ./No ,hedidn ' t.c)-He joined the army in 1990.-Did he join the army in 1990?-Yes ,he did ./No

6、,he didn(4)動詞不規(guī)則變化：do-didbegin-beganmake-madecut-cutgo-wentdrink-dranklielayset-set'e-camekeep-keptdig-dugletletrun-ranleave-lefteatateread-read3. 一股將來時(1)表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時間狀語write-wrotesleep-slept know-knewhurt-hurttomorrow, the dayHe didn ' t joined the army in 1990.after tomorr

7、ow, next Sunday, soon, in a few da ys連用。(2)句型結構：主語+ will/shall+V.原形+(第一人稱用shall)I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.- -She will be 20 years old.- -Will she be 20 years old?- -Yes, she will./ No, she won' t .(3)主語 + will/shall + V.原形 + be(am, is, are)going toThey wi

8、ll have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )- -What will they do next Sunday ?-When will they have a meeting?(4) be about t計 V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.(V)They are about to set out soon.(x )復習題：1 .He (do) his homework at school every day.2 .They(finis

9、h) their work yesterday.3 .We (visit) their farm next year.4 .我半小時后要吃午飯。5 .他將騎自行車去學校。6 .他們下周日將去買汽車。7 .過去將來時(1)過去將來時是立足于過去某時，從過去的觀點看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。主 要用于賓語從句中。(2)基本結構：主語 +would/should was/were going to +V原形 + He said that he would have a meeting next week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)Th

10、ey said we should leave school tomorrow.(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)8 .現(xiàn)在進行時一(1)現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時間正在進行的動作。通常與 now, at present 等時間狀語連用。(2)基本結構：主語 +be(am, is, are)+ ving + You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English

11、 at present .It ' s raining hard now.9 .過去進行時(1)表示過去某一時刻或某階段時間正在進行的動作,通常與at 6:00 yesterday, atthis/ that time yesterday, when弓I導的時間狀語等連用。(2)基本結構：主語 +be (was/were) +v- ing + It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.We were reading whe

12、n the teacher came in.We weren ' t reading Were you reading What were you doing when the teacher came in.7現(xiàn)在完成時(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或表示過去某時間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。通常與下列時間狀語連用：up to now, in the past, recently, by 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just(2)基本結構：主語+ have/has + P.P劭詞過去分詞)I &

13、#39; ve finished this work.He has ever been to Australia.I have not heard from her recently.I have already read this book.Have you read ？Yes, I have. No, I haven ' t.What have you read?(3)過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化do did donego went goneeat ate eatencome came comehave had hadwrite wrote writtenbe was/were beens

14、ee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank drunkgive gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought boughttell told toldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadlet let let( 4)注意1)含有終止意義或暫短意義的動詞不能與for, since 引導的一般時間狀語連用。(buy

15、, begin, die, come, go , join, leav#)I have bought a book.I have had a book for 3 years.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.He have joined the army for 3 years.（wrong）He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years

16、since he died.He has died for 2 years. （wrong）He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.（ 5）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 （時間狀語的區(qū)別）1）現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強調的重點不同：現(xiàn)在完成時側重于對現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過去時側重于某一動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間或某段時間。 即現(xiàn)在完成時側重于現(xiàn)在的結果， 而一般過去時側重于動作發(fā)生的時間。例如：I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內容）I saw the film t

17、hree days ago.三天前我看了這部電影。（強調是三天前,而不是別的什么時候看的電影 ）Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生買了一臺新電腦。（著重點是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天買了一臺新電腦。（強調的是格林先生買新電腦的時間是昨天）2）時間狀語不同?，F(xiàn)在完成時常與already yet, just, ever,never; before年副詞以及“ for+ 段時間”，“ since+ 過去時間/ 從句”等時間狀語連用；而一般過去時則常與“段時間+a

18、go”just now, yesterday last week等表示過去時間的狀語連用。例如：She has lived here since two years ago.她兩年前就住在這里了。She lived here two years ago.兩年前她住在這里。He has been in the League for three years.他入團已經(jīng)三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。8.過去完成時(1)表示動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)，強調“過去的過去”， 常與by the time, by the end of枇鄱&時,閹獷勺狀語連用。(2)基本結構：主語+ had +動詞過去分詞+When I got to