關(guān)于《霧都孤兒》和查爾斯·狄更斯

1、關(guān)于?霧都孤兒?和查爾斯·狄更斯摘 要查爾斯·狄更斯是英國(guó)文學(xué)史上出色的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家。?霧都孤兒?是他的代表作之一。小說描寫了倫敦地層社會(huì)中貧困兒童的悲慘生活,揭露了貧民救濟(jì)所的黑暗。他所塑造的人物,在今天讀來仍栩栩如生。關(guān)鍵詞查爾斯·狄更斯;?霧都孤兒?;批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者;批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Abstract: Charles Dickens was s prominent critical the characters he created were realist in English literature, vivid even now, Oliver Twist

2、was one of his masterpieces in reflecting the real and terrible life of London underworld.Key Words: Charles Dickens; Oliver Twist; critical realist; critical realism1、Charles DickensThese critical realist s of the mid - 19ta century were all honest people and real artist s in spite of their limitat

3、ions in their general point of view on life. By exposing the social injustice and the vices of the upper class , they put their heart s into depicting the miserable existence of the common people ; they gave at ruthful picture of capitalist England of the time. They followed the fine tradition of th

4、eir great literary predecessors of 18a century realism and early 19th century romanticism. They showed their warm sympathy on those people who suffered a lot .The greatest of the critical realist s was Charles Dickens. In his early years , he worked as a reporter and this experience gave him a good

5、knowledge of the political life of England at that time and it had a far reaching effect upon his lifelong contempt for all the political institutions as practice in England. As the result of his ability to notice things of London life , a volume of stories and sketches of London street scenes , Ske

6、tches of Bozo , was published. In 1837 , his first novel Pickwick Papers appeared and established his reputation as an important writer of the time. This success was repeated again and again during the rest of his life , with the publication of some 15 novels as well as volumes of stories , t travel

7、ogues and countless sketches and essays. In his very early literary period , Dickens attacked one or more specific evils in Victorian England : debtors prison , workhouse , Yorkshire schools , capital punishment and so on. The most important of these novels was s611 one of optimism and a light and c

8、heery tone , which was maintained , with plenty of humor and laughter. With the reactionary forces of the Middle class who were running more rampant , Dickens was more alive to the social reality and became more critical. Now , his optimistic spirit was replaced by strong feelings of depression and

9、resentment . It was a successful period in which Dickens attained to his maturity as a great artist . The whole period was also characterized by the change and development of the great novelist artistic style. His h - ,nor and satire this time just gradually gave a point to his sentimentality , his

10、mood of inhibition and a kind of dramatic tension.2、Oliver TwistOliver Twist was Dickens second novel , which marked the beginning of Dickens literary life. It began to appear in a monthly magazine. “I had perhaps the best subject I have ever thought of , I have thrown my whole heart and soul into O

11、liver. That it s general purpose was clear in his mind was evident f rom his later - written preface : “I wished to show , in little Oliver , the principle of Good Surviving through every adverse circumstance and t triumphing at last . The companions among whom he was to be t ried were the criminals

12、 of Londons under2world. The author depicted it not in a romantic mood just as his contemporary novels , but showed much miserable reality. That reality was the great and enduring strength of the book. Dickens knew it a lot by close observation , which he had already demonst rated in , had newspaper

13、 sketches of London street s and criminal court . Also , there was another reason , that is , he knew it by his own experience. He was born in a provident way ; so even when he was very young , he suffered a lot . He knew those kinds of feeling and of course he could share the solitary childs pain ,

14、 for he bewildered in those years when he hand labored hopelessly in the blacking - warehouse. As he said much later , himself might have become a little robber or a little vagabond. That period of time was so bitter and galling to this sensitive boy that many years later , when he was very successf

15、ul , he could not look back upon it without tears in his eyes. Maybe it was the main reason that why he took much more attention to common peoples lives and their feelings.3、Oliver Twists influence and literary valueOliver Twist was one of the most important social novels in Dickens early works. Als

16、o , it was the first time that Dickens led readers into a very sad world. The description of the criminal slums of London that little Oliver lived brought Dickens a new class of serious readers interested in social reform. People started to think about social reasons for all of those criminal phenom

17、ena. And in this novel , Dickens advocates his view of world charitable person will have good recompense. Oliver Twist was famous for exposing the dark sides of people lived out that time. It exposed the hypocritical and cruelty of parish workhouse through depicting the little orphan boy Oliver Twis

18、ts childhood in it . He gave realistic pictures of the horrible existence in workhouse. One of the important characteristics of Oliver Twist was the real and specific description of people who lived in the bottom of society. Their miserable lives , including all the details , gave the readers a real feeling : these were fictions. Also ,it was the first time that many small potatoes appeared in English literature. Dickens carried the good t radiations of realism novels since 18th century of England and als