歷年四級(jí)真題(選詞填空)2014年12月-2016年12月

1、.2016 年 12 月第一套題Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “ male and” “ female ”brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study 26 thatbelief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel AvivUniv

2、ersityresearchers 27 for sex differences throughout the entirehuman brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for 28 brains as “ male ”or “ female research”, shows that brains fall into a wide range , with most people falling right in themiddle.Daphna Joel ,who led the study

3、, said her research found that while there are some genderbased 29 ,many different types of br ain can t always be distinguished by gender.While the“ average”male and average“ ”female brains were 30different, you couldn t tell itby looking at individualbrain scans. Only a small 31of people had “ all

4、-male ”or “ all-female ”characteristics.LarryCahill,an Americanneuroscientist(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家 )， said the study is an importantaddition to a growing body of research questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, 33 of

5、gender.“ There amountains of evidence 34 the importance of sex influences at all levels of brainfunction ,” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study 35that gender plays a very important role in the brain“ evenwhen we are not clear exactly how. ”注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A ） abnormalF） fig

6、ureK ） similaritiesB） appliedG） percentageL ） slightlyC） brieflyH） provingM) suggestsD） categorizingI）regardlessN) tastesE） challengesJ） searchedO) traditional2016 年 12 月第二套題The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceansnow （26）heat at twice the

7、rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.Warming waters are known to（ 27）to coral bleaching（珊瑚白化）and they take up morespace than cooler waters, raising sea （ 28） . While the top of the ocean

8、is studied, its depths are more difficult to （ 29） The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get a better （ 30） of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperaturereadings collected by everything froma 19th century 31） of Britishnaval ships to

9、 modernautomated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, （32） with computer simulations（計(jì)算機(jī)模擬） , created a timeline of oceantemperature changes, includingcooling fromvolcanicoutbreaks and warming from fossil fuel（33）.About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrialera now

10、residents ata （ 34） of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they're（ 35） whether thedeep-sea warming canceled out warming at the sea's surface.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A ） absorbF） excursionK ） levelsB） combinedG） exploreL ） mixedC） contributeH） floorM) pictureD） depthI）heightsN)

11、 unsureE） emissionsJ） indifferentO) voyage2016 年 12 月第三套題When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment willmatch theoffense. But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes animal fighting things _26_(rarely) work out that way.Dog fighting victims are _27_ (tortured) and killed

12、for profit and“ sport, yet” their criminalabusers often receive a _28_ (minimal)sentence for causing alifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation(緩刑 ).Some progress has been made in the prosecution(起訴 ) of animal fighters. But federal judgesoften rely

13、 heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they _29_ (determine) penalties, and in the case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely_30_ ( inadequate).The U.S. Sentencing Commission,which _31_ (creates) these sentencing guidelines, isrevisiting them, proposing to raise th

14、e minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is astep in the right _32_ (direction), but we d like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission makefurther guidelines.Simultaneous to this effort, were working withanimal advocates and state and federallawmakers to _33_ (strengthen) anti-cruelty laws a

15、cross the country, as well as supporting lawsand policies that assist overburdened animal _34_(shelters) that care for animal fightingvictims. This help is _35_(critically)important because the highcost of caring for animalvictims is a major deterrent to intervening in cruelty cases in the first pla

16、ce.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A ） convenientF） hesitateK ） rarelyB） createsG） inadequateL ） sheltersC） criticallyH） inspiredM) strengthenD） determineI） methodN)sufferingsE） directionJ） mineralO) tortured2016 年 6 月第一套題Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AThe U.S. Department of Education is making

17、 efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is _26_the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.“ All children are 27 to a high-qu

18、ality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 28 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to helpstudents reach their full29 , ”U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said. “ Despitetheexcellent work and deep 30 of our nation's teacher

19、s and principals, students in high-poverty,.high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 31 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 32 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 33 effective teachers and

20、 principals for all students, especiallythe kids who need them most.”Today announcements is another important step forward in improving access to quality education, a 3 4 of President Obama yearsof action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead aroundtable discussion with principals and school teac

21、hers from across the country about the 35 of working in high-need schools and how to adapt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A ） announcingF） contestsK ） entitledB） beneficialG） criticallyL ） potentialC） challengesH） developM) properlyD） commitme

22、ntI） distributingN) qualifiedE） componentJ） enhanceO) retain2016 年 6 月第二套Physical activity does the body good and there's growing evidence that ithelps the braintoo. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at schoolor on their own,_26_to have higher GPA

23、s andbetter scores on standardized tests. In a_27_of14 studies that looked atphysical activity and academic _28_, investigators found that the morechildrenmoved, the better their grades were in schools,_29_in the basic subjects ofmath,English and reading.The data willcertainly fuelthe ongoingdebate

24、over whether physicaleducation classesshould be cut as schools struggle to _30_on smaller budgets.The arguments against physicaleducation have included concerns that gym timemay be taking away from study time. Withstandardized test scores in the U.S_31_in recent years, some administrators believe st

25、udentsneed to spend moretime in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findingsshow,exerciseandacademics maynotbe _32_ exclusive.Physical activity canimproveblood_33_to thebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare _34_to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can i

26、mprove _35_andrelievestress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kidsare just exercising theirbodies when they re running around, they may actuallybe exercising their brains as well.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A )attendanceF)essentialK)particularlyB)consequentlyG)feasibleL)performanceC)

27、 currentH)flowM)reviewD)depressingI)moodN)surviveE)droppingJ)mutuallyO)tend.2016 年 6 月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)第三套題Section ASigns barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the growing_(27)popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based docto

28、rs to become dependent_(28)on computers throughout the day, anddesktops， which keep doctors from besides ， are fast_(29)giving way to wireless devices.As clerical loads increased, "something had to give_(30), and that was always face timewith patients," says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief

29、 resident in the University of Chicago's internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped launch_(31)a pilot project in Chicago tosee if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so successful_(32)that all internal-medicine program adopted the same policy_

30、(33)in 2011.Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. "You'll want an iPad just so you can wear this" is the slogan for one of the new lab coats designed_(34)with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.A study of the Universityof ChicagoiPa

31、d project foundthat patients got testsandtratement_(35)faster if they were cared forby iPad-equippedresidents. Many patientsalsogained_(36)a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the firstplace.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A.dependentF.giveK.ratherB.designedG.growingL.reli

32、ableC.fastH.launchM.signalD.flyingI.policyN.successfulE.gainedJ.prospectO.treatments2015 年 12 月第一套Scholars of the informationsociety are divided over whether social inequalitydecreases orincreases in an information-basedsociety. However,they generally agree with the idea thatinequality in the inform

33、ationsociety is_(36)differentfrom that of an industrial society. Asinformatization progress in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the informationsociety_(37)the quantity of informationavailable to themembers of a society by revolutionizing the

34、 ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view as a_(38)analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms ofthemassmedia.Adifferent_(39)ispossiblewhentheactualamountofinformation_(40)bytheuseristakenintoaccount.Infact,themoreinformation_(41)throughouttheentiresociet

35、y,thewiderthegapbecomes between"information haves" and "information have-nots," leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major_(42): class, sex,and generation. In terms of class, digitaldivide exists among differenttypes of wo

36、rkers and.between the upper and middle classes and the lowerclass. With_(43)tosex, digital divideexists between men and women. The greatest gap,however, is between the Net-generation,_(44)withpersonal computers andthe Internet,and the older generation,_(45)toanindustrial society.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。

37、A ) accustomedF) elementsK) interpretationB) acquiredG) expandsL) passiveC) assemblyH) familiarM) regardD) attributeI) flowsN) respectivelyE) championsJ) fundamentallyO) superficial2015 年 12 月第二套For many Americans, 2013 endedwithanunusuallybittercoldspell.NovemberandDecember36 early snow and bone-ch

38、illing temperatures in much of the country, part of a yearwhen, for the first time in two37 , record-colddays willlikelyturn out to have outnumberedrecord-warmones. But the U.S. wastheexception;Novemberwas the warmest ever 38 ,and currentdata indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth-hot

39、test yearon record.Enjoythe snow now, because39are good that 2014 willbe even hotter perhaps thehottest year since records have been kept. That s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be anEl Niuo year.El niuo,Spanish for “ thechild”40,when surfaceocean watersinthe southern Pacificbecome abn

40、ormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of theplanetsurface, thatthe41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes aroundthe world.El Nino are 42 withabnormally dry conditionsin the Southeast Asiaand Australia.They can lead to extremeraininpartsofNo

41、rth and South America, even assouthern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; El Nino can 44 the rising of thecold, nutrient-rich water that supports large fish 45, and the unusually warm ocean temperaturescan destroy coral.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A) additionalF)decadesK) populationsB)a

42、ssociatedG) experiencesL) relizeC) boreH) globallyM) reduceD) chancesI) logicallyN) sawE) communicatedJ) occursO) specific2015 年 12 月第三套Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out ofsight, it s out of mind. if you cover a baby s_36_toy with a piec

43、e of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old man_37_, that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the _38_ of the juice.Yet children are smart in their own way. Like good little scientists, children are a

44、lways testing their child-sized _39_ about how things work. When your child throws her spoon on the floorfor the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, “ That enough!s I will not pick up your spoon again! the” child will_40_ test your claim. Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen

45、if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you_41_;rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those_42_ are important and sometimes they are not.How and why does children thinkings change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed

46、 that children cognitives abilities unfold_43_,like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what else is_44_ in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusions have been_45_ or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.注意： 此部分

47、試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。A) advocateF) differencesK) obtainingB) amountG) favoriteL) primarilyC) confirmedH) happeningM) protestD) crazyI) immediatelyN) rejectedE) definiteJ) naturallyO) theories2015 年 6 月第一套Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AThe U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to en

48、sure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is _36_the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.“ All children are 37 to a high-quality educatio

49、n regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help studentsreach their full 39 ,” U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said.“ Despite the excellent woand deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principal

50、s, students in high-poverty, high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for

51、 all students, especially the kids who need them most. ”Today s announcement is another important step forward in improving access to quality education, a 44 of Presid ent Obama s year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtablediscussion with principals and school teachers from

52、across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adapt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。.A) announcingF) contestsK) entitledB) beneficialG) criticallyL) potentialC) challengesH) developM) properlyD) commitmentI) distrib

53、utingN) qualifiedE) componentJ) enhanceO) retain2015 年 6 月第二套It ours guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work andsleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we knowthat spending so much time sitting 36 can lead to obesity (肥胖癥 ) and other diseases, researchershave now quantified just how 37 being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large 38 published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Associat