高二（下）期末考前英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題二

1、高二（下）期末考前英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題二（閱讀理解）A: 閱讀理解解題技巧指導(dǎo)：高考考綱在閱讀理解方面對(duì)考生有六大要求，即理解主旨要義、理解文中具體信息、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義、做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、理解作者的意圖觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。這六個(gè)能力要求對(duì)應(yīng)我們常見(jiàn)的六種題型：主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題、文章結(jié)構(gòu)題記作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。主旨要義題注意點(diǎn)：（1）要找到文章的關(guān)鍵詞（2）范圍不能太大，也不能太小即只是文章部分信息（3）主旨在文章開(kāi)頭（如調(diào)查或研究結(jié)果、新聞報(bào)道、部分議論文等）、主旨在文章結(jié)尾、主旨在文章第二或第三段（第一或一二段為主題的引子）或通讀以后進(jìn)行對(duì)各個(gè)部分概括

2、所得，當(dāng)然最后一種較難，那么就要養(yǎng)成對(duì)文章標(biāo)段，讀完每段要抓出段落大意，這種方法對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)題也同樣適用。詞義猜測(cè)題注意點(diǎn)：一般在前句或后句中體現(xiàn)，通過(guò)解釋、說(shuō)明等方法，常用 that is, that is to say, in other words , which(who)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)解釋， 或but, however, and 等表示與之相反或并列（同類），通過(guò)這些進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的分析都不難得出答案。推理判斷題注意點(diǎn)：（1）了解常用的表示推斷的詞：infer, imply, suggest, reveal, mean, intend, conclude等；有時(shí)提問(wèn)中含有may, might

3、, probably, most likely等表示可能的詞和surely等表示肯定的詞，這些細(xì)節(jié)詞也要注意。（2）了解類型：推斷文章的出處、作者的態(tài)度（positive, negative, neutral, approving, opposed, objective, subjective, indifferent, cautious, worried, doubtful, suspicious等）、節(jié)選的文章上文或下文所講內(nèi)容（3）根據(jù)作者所使用的詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性進(jìn)行判斷；區(qū)分開(kāi)作者的態(tài)度及作者引用的別人的態(tài)度；讀文章前先讀題、邊讀邊標(biāo)小結(jié)、讀一段標(biāo)出、劃出或自己用中文或英文寫出本段的mai

4、n idea來(lái)幫助正確定奪文章結(jié)構(gòu)圖答案。閱讀理解題的干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置具有一定的迷惑性，起干擾作用。它不僅能檢測(cè)出考生理解、概括、推斷等邏輯思維的精確性、深刻性，而且對(duì)考生個(gè)性心理品質(zhì)也是一種檢驗(yàn)，干擾項(xiàng)的干擾性一般在如下五個(gè)方面：1脫離原文；2以偏概全；3擴(kuò)縮范圍；4偷換概念；5正誤并存。希望同學(xué)們用火眼金睛排除這些干擾項(xiàng)，提高閱讀題的正確率。提示：選擇答案時(shí)應(yīng)以文章作為依據(jù)，而不要以自己的想法或經(jīng)歷作為依據(jù)。B:鞏固訓(xùn)練：A“This past year has been one of great celebrations for many. The enthusiasm which gree

5、ted the Diamond Jubilee (六十大慶）was, of course, especially memorable for me and my family.It was humbling that so many chose to mark the anniversary of a duty which passed to me 60 years ago. People of all ages took the trouble to take part in various ways and in many nations. But perhaps most strikin

6、g of all was to witness the strength of fellowship and friendship among those who had gathered together on these occasions.On the barges and the bridges and the banks of River Thames there were people who had taken their places to cheer through the mist, undaunted (勇敢的）by the rain. That day there wa

7、s a tremendous sense of common determination to celebrate, triumphing (勝利) over the elements.That same spirit was also in evidence from the moment the Olympic flame arrived on these shores. The flame itself drew hundreds and thousands of people on its journey around the British Isles, and was carrie

8、d by every kind of deserving individual, many nominated for their own extraordinary service.As London hosted a splendid summer of sport, all those who saw the achievement and courage at the Olympic and Paralympic Games were further inspired by the skill, dedication, training and teamwork of our athl

9、etes. In pursuing their own sporting goals, they gave the rest of us the opportunity to share something of the excitement and drama.We were reminded, too, that the success of these great festivals depended to some degree upon the dedication and effort of an army of volunteers. Those public-spirited

10、people came forward in the great tradition of all those who devote themselves to keeping others safe, supported and comforted.For many, Christmas is also a time for coming together. But for others, service will come first. Those serving in our armed forces, in our emergency services and in our hospi

11、tals, whose sense of duty takes them away from family and friends, will be missing those they love.At Christmas I am always struck by how the spirit of togetherness lies also at the heart of the Christmas story. A young mother and a dutiful father with their baby were joined by poor shepherds and vi

12、sitors from afar. They came with their gifts to worship(崇拜）the Christ child. From that day on he has inspired people to commit themselves to the best interests of others.This is the time of year when we remember that God sent his only son 'to serve, not to be served'. He restored love and se

13、rvice to the centre of our lives in the person of Jesus Christ.It is my prayer this Christmas Day that his example and teaching will continue to bring people together to give the best of themselves in the service of others.I wish you all a very happy Christmas.”1. Who most probably is the maker of t

14、his speech?A. Queen of Great Britain. B. King of Great Britain.C. Prime Minister of Great Britain. D. Mayor of London.2. What might be the main purpose of this speech?A. To make a summary of what has been done in the past year.B. To offer congratulations on the arrival of Christmas.C. To hold an ann

15、iversary celebration of an event.D. To express respect for and loyalty to God.3. Which of the following is not mentioned by the speaker?A. Enthusiasm and Friendship. B. Dedication and effort.C. Sacrifice and service D. Civilization and peace.4. Which of the following statements is true?A. The speake

16、r was too busy to attend the 2012 London Olympics.B. Volunteers played a key role in the success of the Diamond Jubilee.C. The speaker showed great respect for those still at work at Christmas.D. The strength of Christmas story lies in the worship of Jesus Christ. B During her junior year of high sc

17、hool, Diane Rays teacher handed her a worksheet and instructed the 17-year-old to map out her future financial life. Ray pretended to buy a car, rent an apartment, and apply for a credit card. Then, she and her classmates played the “stock market game”, investing the hypothetical（虛擬的） earnings from

18、their hypothetical jobs in the market in the disastrous fall of 2008. “Our pretend investments crashed,” Ray says, still frightened. “We got to know how it felt to lose money.” That pain of earning and losing money is a feeling that public schools increasingly want to teach. Forty states now offer s

19、ome type of financial instruction at the high-school level, teaching students how to balance checkbooks and buy stock in math and social-studies classes. Though its too early to measure the full influence of the Great Recession（大蕭條）, the interest in personal-finance classes has risen since 2007 when

20、 bank failures started to occur regularly, Now, many states including Missouri, Utah, and Tennessee require teenagers to take financial classes to graduate from high school. School districts such as Chicago are encouraging money-management classes for kids as young as primary school, and about 300 c

21、olleges or universities now offer online personal-finance classes for incoming students. “These classes really say, 'This is how you live independently,'” says Ted Beck, president of National Endowment for Financial Education. Rather than teach investment methods or financial skills, these c

22、ourses offer a back-to-the-basics approach to handling money: Dont spend what you don't have. Put part of your monthly salary into a savings account, and invest in the stock market for the long-term rather than short-term gains. For Ray, this means dividing her earnings from her part-time job at

23、 a fast-food restaurant into separate envelopes for paying bills, spending and saving. “Money is so hard to make but so easy to spend,” she says one weekday after school. “That is the big takeaway.”Teaching kids about the value of cash certainly is one of the programs' goals, but teachers also w

24、ant students to think hard about their finances long term. Its easy for teenagers to get annoyed about gas prices because many of them drive cars. But the hard part is urging them to put off the instant satisfaction of buying a new T-shirt or an iPod. “Investing and retirement arent things teenagers

25、 are thinking about. For them, the future is this weekend,” says Gayle Whitefield, a business and marketing teacher at Utah's Riverton High School.Thats a big goal for these classes: preventing kids from making the same financial missteps their parents did when it comes to saving, spending, and

26、debt. Though the personal savings rate has increased up to 4.2 percent, thats still a far distance from 1982, when Americans saved 11.2 percent of their incomes. “Its hard for schools to reach strict money-management skills when teenagers go home and watch their parents increase credit-card debt. It

27、s like telling your kids not to smoke and then lighting up a cigarette in front of them,” Beck says.Even with these challenges, students such as Ray say learning about money in school is worthwhile. After Ray finished her financial class, she opened up a savings account at her local bank and started

28、 to think more about how she and her family would pay for college. “She just has a better understanding of money and how it affects the world,” says her mother, Darleenand thats sown to the details of how money is spent from daily expenses to various taxes. All of this talk of money can make Ray wor

29、ry, she says, but luckily, she feels prepared to face it.5. The “stock market game” mentioned in Paragraph 1 is meant to _ .A. introduce a new course to studentsB. help students learn about investmentC. teach how to apply for a credit cardD. encourage students personal savings6. How does the writer

30、show us that schools interest in teaching financial classes has increased in paragraph 2 ?A. By giving examples. B. By providing data.C. By raising questions. D. By making comparisons.7. According to the passage, taking money-management courses will _ .A. better students learning methodsB. prevent s

31、tudents going into debtC. help students get accepted by collegesD. make students become very wealthy8. After completing the financial class, Diane Ray is likely to _ .A. pay off all her debtsB. handle her money betterC. find a job in a bankD. manage the family income9. The passage is mainly about _

32、.A. ways to teach students to earn moneyB. how Diane Ray learns to value moneyC. the push to teach personal finance in school D. how students choose a proper financial classCHow far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know? Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terri

33、ble disease? These days thats more than an academic question, as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story.There are now more than a thousand genetic tests, for everything from baldness to breast cancer, and the list is growing. Question is, do you really want to know what might eventually kill you? Fo

34、r instance, Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson, one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup, is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer（老年癡呆癥）.“If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease, that could weigh on

35、your mind and make you anxious, through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you. It could really mess you up.” Said Dr. Robert Green, a Harvard geneticist.“Every ache and pain,” Smith suggested, could be understood as “the beginning of the end.” “That s right. If

36、you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimers disease, then every time you cant find your car in the parking lot, you think the disease has started.”Dr. Green has been thinking about this issue for years. He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzhei

37、mers. It was thought that people who got bad news would, for lack of a better medical term, freak out. But Green and his team found that there was “no significant difference” between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives. In fact, most people think they can handle i

38、t. People who ask for the information usually can handle the information, good or bad, said Green.10. The first paragraph is meant to _.A. ask some questionsB. introduce the topicC. satisfy readers curiosityD. describe an academic fact11. Which of the following is true of James Watson?A. He is stron

39、gly in favor of the present genetic tests.B. He is more likely to suffer from Alzheimers disease.C. He believes genetic mapping can help cure any disease.D. He doesnt want to know his chance of getting a disease.12. According to Paragraphs 3 and 4, if a person is at a higher genetic risk, it is_.A.

40、advisable not to let him knowB. impossible to hide his diseaseC. better to inform him immediately D. necessary to remove his anxiety13. The underlined part “freak out” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”.A. break downB. drop outC. leave offD. turn away14. The study led by Dr. Green indicates

41、 that people _.A. prefer to hear good newsB. tend to find out the truthC. can accept some bad newsD. have the right to be informedDManagers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean desk-but it seems that in terms of productivity, they could have it all wrong. A messy desk can actually lead peo

42、ple towards clearer thinking, say researchers from Germany. The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand. That is ,visual and mental

43、clutter（雜亂）forces human beings to focus and think more clearly. For instance, famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious for their untidy desks. “Messy desks may not be as detrimental as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cau

44、se can boost work efficiency or enhance employees creativity in problem solving,” say the authors.Oddly, the effect seems to work most on conservatives-political liberals are less liable to be worried about mess in the first place, say the researchers. “Business and government managers often promote

45、 clean desk policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity.” Writes a researcher, Jia Liu of the University of Groningen, “This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one

46、s mind and complicate ones judgments”“However, not all evidence supports this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind”. The scientists tested peoples response in various messy environments , including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a

47、 language task reminded people of messiness.The authors found in the series of six studies that people tended towards simplicity in their thinking.“They categorized products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a T-shirt that depicts a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in

48、their choices”, said the researchers.15. According to the text, a proper way to lead people towards clearer thinking is to _ . A. make a list of priorities B. simplify the tasks at hand C. follow famous people D. mess up their mind16. Why did the author take Albert Einstein and Ronald Dahl for examp

49、le? A. To tell readers untidy desks can make you as famous as celebrities. B.To convince readers that untidiness is not all that bad. C. To inform readers of one way to success-untidy desks. D. To attract readers and show the authors wide range of knowledge.17. Which of the following is TRUE accordi

50、ng to the passage? A. A messy environment will certainly lead to a messy mind. B. A clean environment will do great harm to work efficiency. C. People tend to clear up the mess before thinking clearly. D. All people are not in favor of “clean desk” in the office.18. The underlined word “detrimental”

51、 probably means . A. disadvantageousB. useful C. beneficial D. accessible19. What is the main idea for this passage? A. The messier the desks are, the more efficient the employees are. B. Messy desks in the office can have a positive effect on employees. C. We should make our office messy to improve

52、 our work efficiency. D. Clean desks can boost the employees productivity and creativity.EChina news, Beijing, Feb. 9 Housing price in China has always aroused heated discussions among property developers and ordinary Chinese. To many property developers and local government officials, housing price

53、 in China is still low compared with many developed countries. However, the average housing price in the United States is only 8, 000 yuan per square meter, while in China; it is even higher than in the United States. This shows that there are some bubbles (泡沫) in Chinese real estate (房地產(chǎn)) market, t

54、he International Finance News reported.Although the average price of residential houses in the United States, after being converted to Renminbi, is about 8,000 yuan per square meter, the houses in US are not sold in terms of building area, as most Chinese property developers do when they sell their

55、houses, If US property developers sell their houses according to the building area, then the housing price will be even lower than 8,000 yuan per square meter. In most big Chinese cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, houses are sold at a price even higher than those in the US.The high ho

56、using sales price in large cities in China proves that Chinese real estate market does have some bubbles. Moreover, Chinese houses can not be compared with houses in US in terms of building quality, environment and supporting facilities. Furthermore, it should be noted that American peoples average

57、income is several dozen times higher than that of Chinese people. How can the Chinese afford to buy a house which is even more expensive than that sold in US?At the beginning of 2007, the Chinese government issued a set of policies that aimed to benefit the public. Now in order to reduce the high ho

58、using prices, the government can regulate (控制) the real estate market by raising tax on property industry and controlling the release of loans and lands to property developers. At the same time, the government should allow people to build more houses through various fund-raising channels, such as funds collected from buyers or raised by working units. By applying these multiple means, it is expected that the high h