外研版英語(yǔ)必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納.

1、外研版英語(yǔ)必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納第一單元第一部分詞匯短語(yǔ)過(guò)關(guān)1._adj. 熱心的， 熱情的 enthusiasm n. 熱心；熱情2._adj. 令人驚異的 _ v. 使吃驚 _adj. 感到吃驚的 amazement n. 驚愕， 驚異3._n. 信息 inform vt. 通知， 告知4._n. 指示， 用法說(shuō)明 instruct v. 教導(dǎo)， 命令， 指示5._ adj.令人厭煩的 _ adj. (對(duì)某人 /事物 )厭倦的，煩悶的 _ vt. 使厭煩6._adj. 尷尬的， 難堪的 _ v. 使困窘， 使局促不安 _ adj.令人為難的 embarrassment n. 窘迫；為難7._n.

2、 行為， 舉止 behave v. 舉動(dòng)， 舉止8._n. 描述；形容；描寫 describe vt. 描寫， 記述9._vt. 使(人)印象深刻；使銘記 _ n. 印象， 感想 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的10. _n糾正， 改正 correct adj.正確的 _v改正， 糾正， 批改11. _v. 鼓勵(lì)， 激勵(lì) _ adj. 鼓舞人心的 _ adj. 受到鼓舞的，更有信心的 encouragement n. 鼓勵(lì)， 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)12 enjoyment n. 享受， 樂(lè)趣 _v. 享受， 喜歡 _adj. 令人愉快的， 有樂(lè)趣的13 fluency n. 流利， 流暢 _adj

3、. 流利的，流暢的14. _adj. 失望的 _ adj. 使人失望的， 令人失望的 disappoint vt. 使失望_ n. 失望15. _n. 助手， 助理 assist v幫助短語(yǔ)檢測(cè)1與相似8期待；盼望2某人對(duì) (做)某事的態(tài)度9對(duì)印象深刻3離遠(yuǎn)， 遠(yuǎn)非10在開始的時(shí)候4一點(diǎn)不像， 與完全不同11在結(jié)束的時(shí)候5玩得很開心12被 (劃 )分成6起初， 一開始13參加7換句話說(shuō)14課外活動(dòng)第二部分語(yǔ)法精講一 .because,since,as,for,because of的區(qū)別（語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)到弱）(1) because 表示的原因是必然的因果關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，通常放在主句之后，有時(shí)也放在主句

4、之前。(2) 回答 why 提出的問(wèn)題，只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如：A ： Why can t I go? 我為什么不能去？B ：Because you are too young. 因?yàn)槟闾贻p了。(3) because 引導(dǎo)的從句可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其余三者不能。哪：It s because he is kind that we like him.是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)人友好，我們才喜歡他。(4) because 從句可用表語(yǔ)，其余三者不能。如：This is because the earth is travelling round the sun.這是因?yàn)榈厍蛟趪@太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(5) not

5、 because這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的 not 有時(shí)否定主句，有時(shí)否定從句，一般應(yīng)根據(jù)句子的意思作出正確的 (合邏輯的 ) 理解。若 not 否定主句，最好在 because 之前用逗號(hào)，否則容易引起歧義：I didn t go because I was afraid.1) 我沒(méi)有去是因?yàn)槲遗隆?) 我不因?yàn)榕虏湃?。不過(guò)若 because 之前有 just 修飾，一般認(rèn)為not 只能否定從句。如：You shouldn t get angryjust because some people speak ill of you. 不要因?yàn)橛行┤苏f(shuō)你的壞話而生氣。(6)表示 “ 的原因是因?yàn)?”這一意義時(shí)，

6、一般要用 The reason whyis that 。如 ：The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能來(lái)的原因是 ( 因?yàn)?)他病了。注：在閱讀中有時(shí)也可見到The reason why.is because.這樣的說(shuō)法，但比較少見。2.關(guān)于 since 和 as(1)since 和 as 表示的原因是人們所知的，是對(duì)已知事實(shí)提供理由，而不表示直接原因。since 比 as 語(yǔ)氣稍強(qiáng)，且比 as 略為正式，兩者通常都放在主句之前，有時(shí)也放在主句之后。如：Since you feel tired, you should rest.

7、既然你感到累了，你應(yīng)該休息。As he was not will, I decided to go without him.因?yàn)槟闵眢w不好，我決定獨(dú)自去。(2) since 可用于省略句，而其它三者不能。如：Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此，就再?zèng)]有什么好說(shuō)的了(3) since 因?yàn)椤?既然 ” 側(cè)重主句，主句表示顯然的或已知的理由。強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者和聽者雙方都知道的原因，常譯為 “既然 ”，一般用在這樣的句子里。例如：Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let

8、9;s have a cup of coffee.(4) as 是從屬連詞，說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣比 because弱，說(shuō)明比較明顯的原因，它引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在句首，有時(shí)也可放在句末。例如： As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.天下雨了，你最好乘出租車。3. 關(guān)于 for(1) for 是并列連詞 (其作三者為從屬連詞 )，它有時(shí)可表示因果關(guān)系 (只能放在主句之后， 且可與 because換用 )，有時(shí)不表示因果關(guān)系，而是對(duì)前面分句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷(也只能放在主句之后，但不能與because 換用) 。如：The ground i

9、s wet, for ( 或 because) it rained last night. 地面是濕的，因?yàn)樽蛲硐逻^(guò)雨。It rained last night, for ( 不能用 because) the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下過(guò)雨， (你看 ) 今天早上地面都是濕的。(2) for 因“為 ,由于 ”表明附加或推斷的理由， 引導(dǎo)的分句前常有逗號(hào)。 for 分句不放句首 .是用來(lái)附帶解釋或說(shuō)明前一分句的原因和理由。例如：Day breaks, for the cock crows.It must have rained last night, for

10、 the ground is wet.I won't go in, for my father is there.（5）because of是介詞短語(yǔ)，在句子作狀語(yǔ)，后面只能跟名詞，代詞，或者what引導(dǎo)的從句。Because of my bad leg ,I couldn t walk so fast as the由于others我的.腿壞了我不能像其他人走得那么快。置于句首做狀語(yǔ)但用逗號(hào)與其他部分分開Because of his wife s being there, I said nothing about因?yàn)樗鹖t.妻子在場(chǎng)我對(duì)此事只字未提。 (接 -ing分詞）He real

11、ized that she was crying because of what he had said. 他意識(shí)到她在哭是因?yàn)樗f(shuō)的那些話。(接 what從句)練習(xí)：用 because,since,as,for,because of填空1.Why do you like the teacher?-_ _he is kind and enthusiastic.2.It was _ his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning.3._it is hot,let s go swimming4.Parents should t

12、ake seriously their children requests for sunglasses_eye protection is necessary in sunnyweather.5._ he can t answer the question,you d better ask someone else.6.He realized that the teacher was angry _what he had said.7._I haven t seen the film, I can t tell you what I think of it.8.The days are sh

13、ort,for _it is now December.改錯(cuò)1.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.二 .be similar to: 與.相似The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天氣與紐約的天氣很相似Be different from 與 .不同。Their tastes

14、are different from mine 他們的愛好與我的不同。（ 1）Your views on education are similar _mine.A inB toC fromD with(2)I saw no difference in Paris. It s just like our Shanghai.A similar B likelyC likeD samebe similar in 在 .方面相似The two house are similar in size.翻譯：（ 1）她在很多方面與她媽媽相似（ 2）他的外套和你的相似。三.ed 形容詞和 ing 形容詞的用法

15、區(qū)別傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)許多參考書認(rèn)為：-ing 形容詞與表示事物的名詞連用，-ed 形容詞與表示人的名詞連用。此說(shuō)法在很多情況下是可行的，但表述欠準(zhǔn)確，在許多情況下卻是不可靠的。如-ing 形容詞用于人的情況就比比皆是：假若你的老師說(shuō)話幽默、講課生動(dòng)，那么不僅他的課非常interesting，而且你會(huì)說(shuō)他是一個(gè)interestingman(有趣的人 ) 。比較：I m interested in interesting people.我對(duì)有趣的人感興趣。He was worried about his worrying son.他為他令人擔(dān)憂的兒子感到擔(dān)憂。He was annoyed with th

16、e annoying person. 他對(duì)這個(gè)討厭的人很生氣。另一方面， -ed 形容詞用于指物的情況也不少見。比較并體會(huì)：a frightened look害怕的表情 ( 指帶有這種 “表情 ”的人感到害怕 )a frightening look嚇人的表情 (指這種 “表情 ”令人害怕 )an excited talk 心情激動(dòng)的談話(指 “談話 ”的人心情激動(dòng) )an exciting talk令人激動(dòng)的談話(指聽 “談話 ”的人心情激動(dòng) )由于傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)得太絕對(duì)，有時(shí)做起題來(lái)還可能會(huì)因此掉入命題人的陷阱_ do you think of your English teacher? Is

17、 he _ ？A. What, interestingB. What, interestedC. How, interestingD. How, interested正確的觀點(diǎn)關(guān)于-ing 形容詞與 -ed 形容詞的區(qū)別，比較準(zhǔn)確的表述應(yīng)該是：1. 以后綴ed 結(jié)尾的形容詞 (如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised,worried 等 )通常用于說(shuō)明人，不用于說(shuō)明事物，即使它們所修飾的名詞是事物，那它們指的也是與該事物相關(guān)的人。如：He had a pleased smil

18、e on his face.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice.他聲音很激動(dòng)地告訴了我這個(gè)消息。第一句中的a pleased smile 意為 “滿意的微笑 ”，它指的是某人因感到滿意發(fā)出的微笑；第二句中的a very excited voice 指的是 “很激動(dòng)的聲音 ”，即指的是某人因很激動(dòng)而發(fā)生那樣的聲音。原則上，-ed 形容詞通常直接用于說(shuō)明人，若修飾事物，則多為air(神態(tài) ), appearance(外貌 ), cry( 哭聲 ), face(表情), voice( 聲音 ), mood( 情緒 )<

19、'Times New Roman'">), mood( 等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞。2. 以后綴 -ing結(jié)尾的形容詞 (如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying等 )主要用于說(shuō)明事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，若用它們說(shuō)明人，則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征。如：The story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事很有趣。The man is very interesting. 這個(gè)人很有趣。請(qǐng)?jiān)俦容^并體會(huì)以下句子：He is frigh

20、tened. 他很害怕。 He is frightening.他很嚇人。He has a frightened look on his face. 他臉上帶有驚恐的神情。He has a frightening look on his face. 他臉上帶有嚇人的神情。I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種感興趣的表情。I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種有趣的表情。學(xué)練結(jié)合請(qǐng)做做以下試題，看你是否能克服原來(lái)的思維定勢(shì)，能否跳出命題人的陷阱：1.

21、Laws that punish parents for their little children s actions against the laws get parents _.A. worriedB. to worriedC. worryingD. worry2. The little boy isn t getting oninmathswelland worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son_, she feels very _.A. disappointing;worryingB. disapp

22、ointing;worriedC. disappointed;worriedD. disappointed;worrying3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, _.A. safe but tiredB. safely but tired C. safe and tiringD. safely and tiring4. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart.A. tired; tiredB. tired; tiring C. tiring

23、; tiredD. tiring; tiring5. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful;tremblingB. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembledD. frightened; tremblytrembling 。 ed 形式及常見短語(yǔ)與 ing說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)因而產(chǎn)生的情緒反應(yīng)，從而影響到人的身體部位形式形容詞歸納excited (be d about)/ excitingsurprised (be d at) /surprising

24、amazed (be d at) /amazingembarrassed(be ed in) /embarrassingencouraged(be ed at / by) / encouragingfrustrated (be d of)/ frustratinginterested (be ed in) / interestingthrilled (be ed at) / thrillingterrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / terrifyingpleased (be d with)/ pleasing, = pleasantsatisfied(

25、be satisfied with) / satisfying練習(xí)：一 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的-ed 形式或 -ing形式填空1. The children were _after the trip.（ tire ）frightened (be ed at / of )/ frighteningtired (be d of) / tiringbored (be d with)/ boringrelaxed ( 無(wú)固定搭配 )/ relaxingfascinated (be d by)/ fascinatingannoyed (be ed with)/ annoyingmoved (be d by)

26、/ movingworried (be worried about)/worryingconfused (be confused about)/ confusing2. The trip was_. （tire）3. The _children went to bed early after the trip. （tire）4. The _trip lasted a whole day. （tire）5. The trip made the children_. （ tire ）6. The bad weather made the trip_. （tire）7. Tom s parents

27、are _ at his _ results of the exams（ disappoint）8. _and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint）9. It is _that he didn t pass the examination（disappoint）10. When hearing the_ news that MichaelJackson passed away, they were_to look at each other.（ surprise）11. He was _ about his _ son. （ worry ）

28、12. I'm not _with his interpretation of this sentence. （ satisfy）13. He was _with the _person. （annoy）14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a_ look on his face. （ frighten ）15. The situation here is _and we are_. （encourage）二鞏固練習(xí)：1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a co

29、ld front _to arrive.（2008·全國(guó)卷 I）A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected2. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008上海高考 ) ·Terry? Never! He _ tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates3.By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, it ll be t

30、oo late for him to do anything山東about高考it.) (2008·A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked4.So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008 福建高考 )·A. sawB. seeC. had seenD. have seen5.Some of the people who _ to the party can t come煙now臺(tái)模.(2008擬)·A.

31、had been invitedB. have been invitedC. are invitedD. invited6.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrenactionsagainstthe lawsget parents _.A.worriedB. to worriedC. worryingD. worry7.The little boy isn t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With hern so_,

32、she feels very _.A. disappointing; worryingB. disappointing; worried C. disappointed; worriedD. disappointed; worrying8.After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home,_.A. safe but tiredB. safely but tiredC. safe and tiringD. safely and tiring9.As we all know, typing is a _ job to

33、 a _ heart.A. tired; tiredB. tired; tiringC. tiring; tiredD. tiring; tiring10. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; tremblingB. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly11._ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _ ？A. What, intere

34、stingB. What, interested C. How, interestingD. How, interested四.倍數(shù)的三種表達(dá)法：1.Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many2.Paper produced every year is _ the world's production of vehicles.A. the

35、three weight ofB. three times the weight ofC. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as3.With the help of the German experts ， the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as4. This ship measures _ that one.A. as twic

36、e as longB. as twice long asC. twice long asD. twice as long as5.After the new technique was introduced ， the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many asC. as twice as manyD. twice as many五 impress v.使印象深刻(1) impression n. 印象；感想impressive adj. 給人留下深刻印象的(2)imp

37、ress sb. with sth.某物給某人留下印象be impressed by/with對(duì)印象深刻例 He impressed me with his wisdom=I was impressed with /by his wisdom他的智慧給我留下了深刻的印象。(3)impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人意識(shí)到重要性Her talent impressed itself on my mind 她的才華在我心里印象深刻(4) make an good/bad impression on sb.給某人留下印象練習(xí)1.The headmaster _a very good

38、impression on the parents at the meetingA gotB tookC madeD did2.She impressed everyone_her beauty.A byB withC onD in3.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空（ 1）The child impressed us_clever（ 2）The people present were all impressed _his sense of humor（ 3）The old man s word were deeply impressed _my memory用 impress 或其短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空(1)

39、When I asked Mike what impressed him most about the hostess, he told me he was deeply_the hostess enthusiasm. I agreed that the hostess enthusiasm was really _ and it madea great _ me too.(2) I _Peter the importance of the meeting.六.look forward to dong sth 期盼著做某事。look back (on/to sth.)回想，記起look on旁

40、觀look out (for sb./sth.)小心，當(dāng)心，留心 ( 某人或某物look _through_ sth.仔細(xì)檢查，快速閱讀 (某物 )look sth. up查閱，向上看look up to sb. 贊賞 /尊敬某人look down on/upon輕視，看不起look _into_調(diào)查)Every child is looking forward to the Spring Festival.每一個(gè)孩子都期盼著過(guò)年We are looking forward to seeing each other soon. 我們期盼著盡快看到彼此The day I have been lo

41、oking forward to _soonA will come B comec came D comingThe day we had been looking forward to_at last.A comeB had comeC cameD coming根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用look 短語(yǔ)填空(1) She _ her notes before the exam.(2) _There s a car coming.(3) A working party has been set up to _the problem.(4) Can you _the time of the next train?

42、七 .that ,it, one , ones, the one 與 the ones(those)的區(qū)別（ 1）. it1) 代替上文提到的名詞，指代同一事物 (同名同物 )，不能帶修飾語(yǔ)：-Do you want the magazine?-Yes，I want it.I don't want to drink the tea It is too hot 2) it 用作人稱代詞時(shí)， 可指已知的或暗含的事實(shí)或情況， 或用作形式主語(yǔ) / 賓語(yǔ)，也可替代性別不明的嬰兒。Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers

43、will be laid off. No, she was not at home last night. What about it?It would be a pity to miss it. It is not worth getting upset.It's probable that we'll be a little late.I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious. She thought it a waste of time arguing with him. George made i

44、t dear that he disagreed.2. one1）代替上文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指（同類但不是同一）前面可以有冠詞或形容詞，也可以有 this 或 that 或 another，但前不能有物主代詞：比較：I m looking for a flat. Id like a small one with a garden.I m looking for a flat. Id like one with a garden.（不能說(shuō)： . a one with a garden.）2） one 作為不定人稱代詞, 可泛指 “任何一個(gè)人 ”，有 one's 和 onesel

45、f 形式。多用于正式文體，口語(yǔ)中也可用 he/his 代替第二個(gè) one/one's.One has to take care of oneself and one's family if he can.One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide.(如果一個(gè)人想看那廢墟, 他必須找自己的向?qū)А?One of the girl students hasn't handed in _

46、 composition.A. one'sB. hisC. theirD. her3 ones 是 one 的復(fù)數(shù)形式，常用來(lái)代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，前面不用物主代詞修飾，也不用 these 或 those 來(lái)直接修飾，除非 ones 前面有形容詞：I have a new coat and several old ones.These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones.4 the one 替代表特指的單數(shù)名詞：Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like be

47、st.Hand me my coat. It's the one hanging on the wall.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.5 the ones 替代表特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞：Don t buythe expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.I d like to try onthose shoes， the ones at the front of the window.Are they the ones who moved here recently

48、?6 that 用來(lái)代替上下文中的名詞，它表示與前面同類不同一的東西。that既可代替不可數(shù)名詞，又可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其后總有后置定語(yǔ)，一般不指人：1) Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in town.I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.2) 指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，that 相當(dāng)于 the oneMy room is better than that/the one nex

49、t door.3) 若后置定語(yǔ)為of 引起的介詞短語(yǔ)，則通常用that。The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.The population of China is larger than that of Japan.7those 是 that 的復(fù)數(shù)形式， 可用來(lái)替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示特指;有時(shí)the ones 和those可互換使用，常有后置定語(yǔ)：The students in our class work harder than those in their class.The book is more difficult than those we have read before.Students who do well in examinations are those the ones who like to ask questions in class.觀察并分析下列句子中的 one/ones:1I m reading a new book these days , _ in Engl