譯林版六下英語(yǔ)最全語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1.字母：26個(gè)字母的大小寫(xiě)A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z2.語(yǔ)音：元音的發(fā)音5個(gè)元音字母：A E I O U12個(gè)單元音： 前元音：i: e æ中元音：: 后元音：: : u: 雙元音（8個(gè)）合口雙元音ai ei au u i集中雙元音i u 3.詞匯：詞匯量，近反義詞4.句子：大小寫(xiě)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)二、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)名詞：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，名詞的格(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一般情況，直接加-s，如：book-books, b

2、ag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f 或 fe”結(jié)尾，變 f 或 fe 為 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechi

3、ld-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原形：paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名詞的格(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格：a) 單數(shù)后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirtb) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 如: his friends' bagsc) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加's children's shoe

4、s并列名詞中，如果把 's加在最后一個(gè)名詞后，表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike's car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車(chē)要表示所有物不是共有的，應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加's, 如：Tom's and Mike's cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車(chē) (2) 表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞通常用“of +名詞”來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系：如:a picture of the classroom a map of China冠詞：不定冠詞，定冠詞種類(lèi)(1) 不定冠詞：a / an a unit / an uncle元音開(kāi)頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :an egg / an apple /

5、an orange (2) 定冠詞：the the egg / the plane2. 用法:定冠詞的用法：特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk.復(fù)述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.談話(huà)雙方都知道的人或物：The boys aren't at school.在序數(shù)詞前：John's birthday is February the second.用于固定詞組中：in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠詞的情況：專(zhuān)有名詞前：China is a

6、 big country.名詞前有定語(yǔ)：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人和事：Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.在節(jié)日，日期，月份，季節(jié)前：Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.球類(lèi) 棋類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但樂(lè)器前要

7、用定冠詞：I play the guitar very well.學(xué)科名稱(chēng)前：My favorite subject is music.在稱(chēng)呼或頭銜的名詞前：This is Mr Li.固定詞組中：at noon at night by bus代詞、形容詞、副詞代詞：人稱(chēng)代詞，物主代詞形容詞，副詞：比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)(一)、形容詞的比較級(jí)1. 形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞 than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的人稱(chēng)代詞用主格(口語(yǔ)中可用賓格)。2. 形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ;以字母e 結(jié)尾，

8、加r ;以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加er ;以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。3. 不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副詞的比較級(jí)1. 形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形，有形用be;有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng))在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后副詞在句子中最常見(jiàn)的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后2. 副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同(不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)數(shù)詞：序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞(1) 1-20one，two， three, our, fiv

9、e, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99 先說(shuō)“幾十”，再說(shuō)“幾”，中間加連字符。23twenty-three，34thirty-four，45fortyfive，56fifty-six，67sixty-seven，78seventy-eight，89eighty-nine，91ninety-one(3) 101999先說(shuō)“幾百”，再加and，再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);586

10、five hundred and eighty-six，803eight hundred and three(4) 1,000以上，先從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”，第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand. 第二個(gè)“,”前為million，第三個(gè)“,”前為billion1,001 one thousand and one18,423 eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309 six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,

11、000 seven hundred and fifty bilion序數(shù)詞(1) 一般在基數(shù)詞后加 theg. fourfourth, thirteenthirteenth(2) 不規(guī)則變化onefirst, twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth(3) 以 y 結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變 y 為 ie 再加 thtwentytwentieth, fortyfortieth,ninetyninetieth(4) 從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twent

12、y-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾加上-th.一，二，三，特殊記，詞尾字母 t, d, d.八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。ty 將 y變成 i，th 前面有個(gè) e.若是碰到幾十幾，前用基來(lái)后用序。介詞：常用介詞：in, on, at, behind等1. at 表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。at 1:00 (dawn，midnight , noon) 在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1) 表示具體日期。注：(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法：at (on) th

13、e weekend在周末-特指at (on) weekends在周末-泛指over the weekend在整個(gè)周末during the weekend在周末期間(2)在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說(shuō) at Christmas? 而不說(shuō) on Christmas?2) 在(剛)的時(shí)候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話(huà)。3.in1) 表示"時(shí)段"、"時(shí)期"，在多數(shù)情況下可以和 during 互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in (during) 1988 (December, the

14、 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài)(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be (am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。2. 行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese. 瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以

15、s. x. sh. ch. o 結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí):動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d：如 lived , danced , used 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改 y 為 i 再加 ed (此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 study studied carry

16、 carried worry worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加 y ,所以不屬于此類(lèi)) 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 stoppedB、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：sing sang , eat ate ,see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was ,are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell

17、told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt(3) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , goi

18、ng , working , singing , eating 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting三、句法1.陳述句(1) 肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV ye

19、sterday evening.(2) 否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢(xún)問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類(lèi)句子必須用“yes"