常常有許多傳熱在石油

1、螺旋折流扳換熱器常常有許多傳熱在石油，化工，電力，冶金，能源等工業(yè)部門所涉及的問題。 The shell and tube heat exchanger is the heat transfer equipment most widely used in the current industrial production.在管殼式換熱器是換熱設(shè)備在目前最廣泛用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 Compared with other types, its main advantages are the large heat transfer area in the unit volume and good heat

2、 transfer effect.與其他類型相比，它的主要優(yōu)點是大型熱單位體積傳熱效果和良好的換熱面積。 Combined with a simple structure, wide range of materials required in manufacturing, and greater operation flexibility, it is more and more widely used in the chemical engineering fields.具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造所需的各種材料和更大的操作靈活性相結(jié)合，越來越廣泛地在化工領(lǐng)域使用。 To increase the

3、speed of shell fluid and intensify the turbulent level to improve the shell film coefficient of heat transfer, the traverse baffle is usually installed in the shell and tube heat exchanger.為了提高速度，加大殼程流體的湍流水平，以改善殼膜傳熱系數(shù)，橫向擋板通常安裝在管殼式換熱器中。 The most common one is segmental baffle.最常見的是弓形折流。 Fluid winds i

4、n the shell outfit with segmental baffle at the continuously changing speed in different directions, and is easy to separation especially in the baffle edge.流體與弓形折流殼裝在不同的方向，以適應(yīng)不斷變化的速度，這樣就很容易分離，特別是在擋板的邊緣。 Due to the flow dead zone between segmental baffles and the shell, fluid undergoes repeated move

5、ment of cross streams in the baffles, resulting in the reduction of driving force of heat transfer.由于流體弓形與殼體死區(qū)之間流動，流體經(jīng)過反復(fù)十字運動經(jīng)過溪流擋板，使驅(qū)動力的傳熱減少。 For obtaining higher heat transfer performance, only the plate spacing is reduced, which is inevitably accompanied by a higher flow resistance at the cost of

6、 higher energy consumption.為了獲得更高的傳熱性能，板間距僅減少，在流動阻力陪同下成本較高和更高的能源消耗的是不可避免的。 Therefore, the traditional form change of baffle is badly needed.因此，改變傳統(tǒng)形式的擋板，是迫切需要的。 Fig.圖。 1 The Shell Flow Diagram of Heat Exchanger with Segmental Baffles 1，殼式換熱器流程圖弓形器 The heat exchanger with helical baffles becomes an i

7、deal alternative because of its unique advantages.螺旋隔板換熱器之所以成為一個獨特的優(yōu)勢，因為It uses the continuous helical backing plate in support of heat exchange tube to make the shell medium do the inclined forward movement along the spiral channel from the shell entrance.它使用的熱交換管支撐連續(xù)螺旋墊板，使殼中做從殼沿螺旋通道入口處的斜向前運動。 Sinc

8、e the traditional horizontal baffling way is changed to the vertical helical baffling means, the heat exchanger with helical baffles greatly enhances its heat transfer effect while reducing the resistance of shell side.由于傳統(tǒng)的水平方式改為垂直螺旋式的螺旋折流板換熱器，大大提高了換熱效果，同時降低了殼側(cè)阻力。 Its characteristics are: (1) The c

9、ontinuous smooth spiral flow of medium in the shell side avoids the serious pressure loss caused by horizontal baffling with lower pressure drop.其特點是：（1）連續(xù)介質(zhì)中的螺旋殼側(cè)流避免了嚴(yán)重的壓力損失和更低的的壓降水平造成的。 (2) Compared with the segmental baffle, in the state of same pressure drop, it can significantly improve the she

10、ll medium flow rate, and thereby increase the turbulence level and the medium heat transfer capability. （2）與弓形折流相比，在相同壓降狀態(tài)，它可以顯著提高殼介質(zhì)流量，從而提高水平和動蕩中的傳熱能力。 (3) The spiral movement of the shell medium generates velocity gradient on the radial cross-section and form radial turbulence in favor of the thin

11、ned bottom layer of the heat-exchange surface detention and the enhanced film heat transfer coefficient. （3）殼中的螺旋運動產(chǎn)生的徑向截面和在冷熱交換表面拘留底層變薄和增強(qiáng)膜傳熱系數(shù)徑向湍流速度有利于形成梯度。 (4) There is no dead zone. （4）沒有死區(qū)。 While improving the heat transfer coefficient, the vertical helical baffling way reduces dirt deposition,

12、 has stable thermal resistance, and allows the heat exchanger in a highly efficient running state.同時提高了傳熱系數(shù)，垂直螺旋莫名其妙地減少污垢沉積，具有穩(wěn)定的耐熱性，并允許在一個高效換熱的運行狀態(tài)。 (5) Thanks to the stronger constraints on the heat exchanger than the segmental baffle, the helical baffle lessens the tube bundle vibration and exten

13、ds the operational life. （5）就比弓形折流式換熱器的強(qiáng)大制約下，螺旋隔板減少了管束振動，延長使用壽命。 (6) When the shell is condensing for heat exchange, the helical baffle can play the role of drainage of the condensate liquid, decrease the coverage of the condensate liquid on the lower rows of tubes, and thereby enhances the effect o

14、f heat transfer. （6）當(dāng)外殼進(jìn)行熱交換凝結(jié)，螺旋隔板可以起到排水作用，凝析液減少了冷凝水的覆蓋面，具有較低的管行液體，從而增強(qiáng)了傳熱效果。 According to StehlikP's researches, compared with the traditional heat exchanger with segmental baffles, the heat exchanger of helical baffle gets 1.8 times higher of the heat transfer coefficient and 25% lower of flo

15、w resistance in the same condition.據(jù)StehlikP的研究，在相同的條件下，相對于傳統(tǒng)的弓形換熱器，螺旋折流板換熱器獲得1.8倍的傳熱系數(shù)和25的流動阻力。 Chen Shixing concludes: for high-viscosity oil, the heat exchanger with helical baffles has the convection heat transfer coefficient of about 1.5 times in the unit pressure drop that that of the ordinary

16、 heat exchanger with segmental baffles; for water, about 2.4 times.陳師興結(jié)論：高粘度油，螺旋折流板換熱器的對流換熱裝置中的壓力下降，改用用弓形換熱器是普通換熱器的約1.5倍系數(shù)，對水，約是2.4倍。 Song Xiaoping presents the application of over ten units of heat exchangers with helical baffles in the refinery, and finds that its performance indicators are better

17、 than the original segmental baffle heat exchanger.宋曉平介紹了以上的煉油廠在螺旋折流板換熱器十個單位的申請，并認(rèn)為，其性能指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于原來的弓形折流式換熱器更好。 The heat exchanger with helical baffles makes the efficiency of heat transfer greatly improved, the heat transfer area and metal consumption decreased, and thereby the investment in equipment i

18、nstallations reduced.與螺旋隔板換熱器，使傳熱效率大大提高，傳熱面積和金屬消費量下降，從而在設(shè)備設(shè)施的投資減少。 However, the spiral surface machining is difficult and the coordination between heat exchanger and baffle is hard to achieve.然而，螺旋曲面加工困難，換熱器和擋板之間的協(xié)調(diào)是很難達(dá)到的。 Taking the processing convenience into account, a series of standard sectoria

19、l planes (known as helical baffles) are adopted in place of the curved surface alternate connections, to form the similar spiral surface in the shell side and to make the fluid generate continuous spiral flow.考慮到加工方便，扇形面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列（已知的螺旋折流板）是在曲面?zhèn)溆眠B接的地方通過，形成了類似的螺旋殼側(cè)表面，使流體產(chǎn)生連續(xù)的螺旋流動。 See Fig.見圖。 2. 2。 Fig.圖。

20、 2 Helical Baffle Arrangement in the Shell Side 2，殼程螺旋折流板安排 To reach the spiral flow stability of the shell medium, the helical baffles are required to have the consistent spacing (called baffle spacing F), the same installation angle , and generally be placed in the lower part of the top entrance a

21、nd exit axes or the upper part of the bottom axes.為了達(dá)到殼介質(zhì)螺旋流的穩(wěn)定性，螺旋隔板須有一致的間距（稱為擋板間距F）時，相同的安裝角，一般都在頂部的入口和出口軸或下部放置底部軸的上部。 See Fig.見圖。 3. 3。 Fig.圖。 3 Helical Baffle Arrangement in the Entrance and Exit Ports 3，在入口和出口港口螺旋隔板安排 Since 1997 its first domestic application in Fushun Petroleum Factory, thousan

22、ds of heat exchangers with helical baffles have been rapidly promoted in the chemical & refining devices in more than 20 companies.自1997年以來第一次在國內(nèi)的撫順石油廠適用，從那之后數(shù)以千計的螺旋折流板換熱器中得到了迅速推廣，使用螺旋折流板換熱器等煉油化工設(shè)備的公司超過20家。 Application results show that the helical baffle in the shell side imposes the impact on

23、reducing the fluid pressure drop compared to the vertical segmental baffle.應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明，殼程螺旋折流板與垂直弓形折流板相比加強(qiáng)了流體壓降比的影響。 But it's not fairly obvious in the heat exchanger efficiency.但它明顯不是公平的熱交換效率。 Some heat exchangers, in particular, the large-diameter heat exchangers with helical baffles are inferior t

24、o those of segmental baffles.一些熱交換器，特別是大直徑螺旋隔板換熱器不如弓形的換熱器熱交換率好。 Through many simulation experiments of different diameter shells and different angles of heat exchangers with helical baffles, it is proved the main reason are the mechanical processing restriction and the extremely difficult achievemen

25、t of complete helical continuous baffle processing.通過對不同直徑彈，并與螺旋折流板換熱器不同的角度很多模擬實驗，證明了它是主要的原因是機(jī)械加工的限制，在完全連續(xù)螺旋折流處理極難實現(xiàn)。 Traditional helical baffle is overlapped by two or four panels and arranged into a similar spiral surface.傳統(tǒng)的螺旋折流板是重疊的兩個或四個小組并安排了類似的螺旋面。 The segmental baffles of 360°/x in proje

26、ction are placed in correct order with the shell axis in the end-to-end binding at an angle. 360 °的弓形/投影是放置在正確的順序與在終端到終端的角度結(jié)合的殼軸。 The straight flanges of the adjacent two baffles intertwine at the top and butt joint.相鄰兩個擋板頂部交織的直法蘭對接。 The triangular space formed between two adjacent baffles is l

27、ikely to lead to the medium flow along the baffles, form the short-circuit leakage current and depart the spiral flow.三角相鄰兩個擋板之間的空間形成的可能導(dǎo)致沿?fù)醢褰橘|(zhì)流，形成短路漏電電流和離開的螺旋流動。 Fig.圖。 4 Traditional Structural Arrangement of Helical Baffle 4傳統(tǒng)的螺旋形結(jié)構(gòu)安排 Short-circuit leakage current decreases the flow of an ideal ch

28、annel.短路漏電電流降低了一個理想的通道流動。 Especially in the large-diameter helical baffle shell and tube heat exchanger, because numerous media flow along the triangle space and gap formed by two adjacent baffles, the spiral flow of main sprue is reduced, the medium flow slowed down, and the efficiency of heat tran

29、sfer severely affected.尤其是在大口徑螺旋折流板管殼式換熱器，因為眾多媒體沿三角形空間和兩個相鄰的擋板形成間隙流，主澆道螺旋流量減少時，介質(zhì)流動速度減緩，以及熱效率轉(zhuǎn)讓受到嚴(yán)重影響。 To ensure the efficiency rate of heat exchange, Dalian Haite Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. developed a new anti-short circuit helical baffle to make the medium in the shell side flow through i

30、n the almost ideal spiral flow pattern.為了保證熱交換效率提高，大連海特傳熱技術(shù)有限公司開發(fā)的一個新的反螺旋折流短路板，使通過的幾乎理想的螺旋流動格局的殼側(cè)流媒體。 Fluid Flow Analysis流體流動分析 On the basis of the segmental baffle, the new anti-short-circuit helical baffle is widen with one or two row(s) of tube spacing on both side of straight flanges, and overla

31、pped in the two adjacent straight flanges, and then penetrated by one or two row(s) of heat exchange tubes.論弓形折流的基礎(chǔ)上，新的抗短路螺旋折流板是擴(kuò)大與一個或兩個排在兩個直管法蘭面間距（s），而在兩個相鄰的直線法蘭重疊，然后穿透一個或兩個排熱交換管（s）。 The flow simulation experiments show that the short circuit still exists when both sides of the straight flanges of

32、the segmental baffle are widen to 510mm more simultaneously.流動模擬實驗表明，仍然存在短路時的弓形折流直法蘭雙方都擴(kuò)大到510毫米以上同時進(jìn)行。 The shell medium flows through in the almost ideal helical flow pattern and short circuit is put to an end when one row or two rows of tube spacing is added.通過在螺旋流的幾乎理想的模式和殼短路介質(zhì)流向就有了結(jié)束的時候一排或兩排管間距增加

33、。 The structural arrangement of anti-short-circuit helical baffle is shown as Fig.反短路螺旋折流板結(jié)構(gòu)布置圖所示。 5. 5。 Fig.圖。 5 Structural Arrangement of New Anti-short-circuit Helical Baffle 5結(jié)構(gòu)布置新的抗短路螺旋折流 The overlapping connection exerts good guiding effects on the media of the tube bank, reducing short circui

34、t of the triangle space formed by the crossing of two adjacent straight flanges and ensuring the heat transfer efficiency.重疊的連接管上發(fā)揮了很好的指導(dǎo)作用，減少由兩個相鄰的直線穿越法蘭和保證傳熱效率形成的三角形空間短路。 The penetration of one row or two rows of two adjacent heat exchange tubes into the adjacent two segmental baffles reinforces the tube bundle rigidity and avoids the quadrant separation trends.在一行或一兩個相鄰的兩個熱交換管行到相鄰的兩個弓形滲透加強(qiáng)了管束剛性，并避免了象限分離的趨勢。 The helical baffle structure in the overlapping part has a good anti-vibration effect.在重疊部分螺旋折流板結(jié)構(gòu)具有良好的抗振動的影響。 In a word, the heat exchanger with he