上海中考英語專題沖刺專題二小貓釣魚

1、2019年中考英語專題沖刺（二）宋以后，京師所設(shè)小學(xué)館和武學(xué)堂中的教師稱謂皆稱之為“教諭”。至元明清之縣學(xué)一律循之不變。明朝入選翰林院的進(jìn)士之師稱“教習(xí)”。到清末，學(xué)堂興起，各科教師仍沿用“教習(xí)”一稱。其實“教諭”在明清時還有學(xué)官一意，即主管縣一級的教育生員。而相應(yīng)府和州掌管教育生員者則謂“教授”和“學(xué)正”?！敖淌凇薄皩W(xué)正”和“教諭”的副手一律稱“訓(xùn)導(dǎo)”。于民間，特別是漢代以后，對于在“?！被颉皩W(xué)”中傳授經(jīng)學(xué)者也稱為“經(jīng)師”。在一些特定的講學(xué)場合，比如書院、皇室，也稱教師為“院長、西席、講席”等。 -小貓釣魚觀察內(nèi)容的選擇，我本著先靜后動，由近及遠(yuǎn)的原則，有目的、有計劃的先安排與幼兒生活接近的

2、，能理解的觀察內(nèi)容。隨機觀察也是不可少的，是相當(dāng)有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛蟲等，孩子一邊觀察，一邊提問，興趣很濃。我提供的觀察對象，注意形象逼真，色彩鮮明，大小適中，引導(dǎo)幼兒多角度多層面地進(jìn)行觀察，保證每個幼兒看得到，看得清。看得清才能說得正確。在觀察過程中指導(dǎo)。我注意幫助幼兒學(xué)習(xí)正確的觀察方法，即按順序觀察和抓住事物的不同特征重點觀察，觀察與說話相結(jié)合，在觀察中積累詞匯，理解詞匯，如一次我抓住時機，引導(dǎo)幼兒觀察雷雨，雷雨前天空急劇變化，烏云密布，我問幼兒烏云是什么樣子的，有的孩子說：烏云像大海的波浪。有的孩子說“烏云跑得飛快。”我加以肯定說“這是烏云滾滾。”當(dāng)幼兒看到閃電時，我告訴他“這叫電

3、光閃閃?！苯又變郝牭嚼茁曮@叫起來，我抓住時機說：“這就是雷聲隆隆?！币粫合缕鹆舜笥?，我問：“雨下得怎樣?”幼兒說大極了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比較觀察，讓幼兒掌握“傾盆大雨”這個詞。雨后，我又帶幼兒觀察晴朗的天空，朗誦自編的一首兒歌：“藍(lán)天高，白云飄，鳥兒飛，樹兒搖，太陽公公咪咪笑?！边@樣抓住特征見景生情，幼兒不僅印象深刻，對雷雨前后氣象變化的詞語學(xué)得快，記得牢，而且會應(yīng)用。我還在觀察的基礎(chǔ)上，引導(dǎo)幼兒聯(lián)想，讓他們與以往學(xué)的詞語、生活經(jīng)驗聯(lián)系起來，在發(fā)展想象力中發(fā)展語言。如啄木鳥的嘴是長長的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像醫(yī)生用的手術(shù)刀樣，給大樹開刀治病。通過聯(lián)想，幼兒能夠生動形象地描述觀察對象。

4、【題型介紹】“教書先生”恐怕是市井百姓最為熟悉的一種稱呼，從最初的門館、私塾到晚清的學(xué)堂，“教書先生”那一行當(dāng)怎么說也算是讓國人景仰甚或敬畏的一種社會職業(yè)。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教書，最初出現(xiàn)的“先生”一詞也并非有傳授知識那般的含義。孟子中的“先生何為出此言也？”；論語中的“有酒食，先生饌”；國策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”為父兄或有學(xué)問、有德行的長輩。其實國策中本身就有“先生長者，有德之稱”的說法?？梢姟跋壬敝夥钦嬲摹敖處煛敝?，倒是與當(dāng)今“先生”的稱呼更接近?？磥?，“先生”之本源含義在于禮貌和尊稱，并非具學(xué)問者的專稱。稱“老師”為“先生”的記載，首見于禮記?

5、曲禮，有“從于先生，不越禮而與人言”，其中之“先生”意為“年長、資深之傳授知識者”，與教師、老師之意基本一致。該題型考查學(xué)生詞匯應(yīng)用；，題量總共8道，分值8分，每道題一分。五選四將詞匯的考查放在了語篇中，著重強調(diào)語法和詞匯知識在特定情景中的應(yīng)用。(1)考查詞性之間關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力以考查動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞為主，也考查連詞、介詞、短語等；(2)考查詞性之間關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力；(3)邏輯方面考察上下文聯(lián)系?！靖鱾€擊破】高頻考查詞匯動詞disappear, contact，wash, think, create; consider; please; woke up；collected;

6、 repaired； included; create；beat; afford; leave; discover; find; spend; take; remember; add; recognize; protect; show; wear; experience; time; 名詞Teenager, safety, question，furniture, thoughts; effects; size; knowledge; freedom; friendships army; knives；awards; knowledge; tips; society; bed; beach; a

7、dvice; centre; methods; ages; danger; designer; 形容詞recent, dangerous, ready; common; likely; various; rude; basic; surprised; boring; famous; successful; special; different; difficult; 副詞behind, completely, ever, easily; independently; terribly; especially；mainly; near; 其他How about, put on, whats go

8、ing on, as well as; in the way; notonly; at a time；at any time； through；After all; Above all; as well; take place; at the end of; but; be able to ; either; including; while; the name of; so far; deal with; until; as soon as; for example; most likely; around; even if; from side to side; 【解題技巧】1. 判斷詞性

9、的技巧：a. 如何判斷需要選擇名詞：a /an/the +n. , adj.+ n. , vt. +n.即空格處前面為冠詞、形容詞或者及物動詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞；n. v. 即空格處后面是動詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入該動詞的主語(名詞)；prep. +n.即空格處前面是介詞的，空格處充當(dāng)介詞賓語，用填入一個名詞或動名詞。Eg: When a friend stops talking to you for a day or two, your mind will get crazy with the _46_ thatperhaps you did something wrong. (2019普陀區(qū)一

10、模) keys:A. thoughts It will have bad _50_ on you as you start to focus your energy on others but not yourself. (2019普陀區(qū)一模)keys: B. effectsGradually, the talented young man went from being a supporting actor to a _49_ movie star. (2019松江區(qū)一模)keys: A. successfulb. 如何判斷需要選擇動詞：n./pron. vt.n./pron. 即空格前面已

11、有名詞/代詞作主語，后面又有名詞/代詞作為動詞的賓語，空格處應(yīng)為及物動詞；n./pron. vi. 即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面沒有賓語，空格處應(yīng)填不及物動詞；n./pron. vi. adv./prep. 即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，空格處后面是副詞/介詞，空格處應(yīng)填入不及物動詞，與副詞/介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配；n./pron. link v./be. adj. 即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面是形容詞，空格處應(yīng)填入系動詞或be動詞；to v. 即空格處前有不定式標(biāo)志to，空格處應(yīng)填入動詞原形；另一種情況to是介詞，后面應(yīng)填入動名詞v. and v. 即空格前是動詞+并列連詞或選擇連詞，空格后也考慮

12、填動詞。Eg:We want to be well-liked by those around us and not to _49_ any unnecessary trouble. (2019普陀區(qū)一模) keys: E. CreateWhen caring about others opinions is taking control of your life, maybe its time for you to stop and_51_ what you really want and make some changes.(2019普陀區(qū)一模) keys: E. ConsiderMuch

13、 of the action 48 _ at the same time - the man in prison running away, the policemen runningafter them and planning to catch them.(2019奉賢區(qū)一模) keys: C. took placec. 如何判斷需要選擇形容詞：adj. n. 或n.adj. 即空格處前面或者后面為名詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞；adv. adj. 即空格處前面是副詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞；link/be v. adj. 即空格處前面是系動詞或be動詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作表語。Eg: Al

14、though this is not good enough, its still a _48_ thing that happens among us. (2019普陀一模） keys: C. commonAt school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so _53_time for it andthey are busy with other lessons, too. (2019長寧區(qū)一模) keys: D. littleThe system is able to provide

15、the physical location of mobile phones, which makes it _52_ to get tothe scene. (2019嘉定區(qū)一模) keys: B. quickerd. 如何判斷需要選擇副詞：adv. v. 或v.adv.即空格處前面或者后面為動詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞；adv. adj. 即空格處后面是形容詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。Eg: Some people have very good memories, and can _50_learn long poems by heart. (2019長寧區(qū)一模) keys: C. easily

16、When I arrived at the heads house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was _49_ mad. (2019虹口區(qū)一模) keys: B. completely The other two boys are both 14 years old. When most boys of their age are spending their time _51_on study, the three young singers show themselves to thousands of people.(201

17、9金山區(qū)一模)keys: C. mainly 2. 利用邏輯關(guān)系詞確定答案：在五選四中，文章的邏輯關(guān)系對于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的邏輯關(guān)系通過一些邏輯關(guān)系詞體現(xiàn)的，考生可以通過邏輯關(guān)系詞來確定出一些答案。常見的邏輯關(guān)系詞如下：并列關(guān)系：and , or, as well as 等對比關(guān)系：but , however 等舉例關(guān)系：for example等Eg: These films were simple, _49_at that time people liked these films very much. (2019奉賢區(qū)一模)keys: E. butThey can use

18、their hands 49 humans. (2019徐匯區(qū)一模) keys:A. As well asFirst of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoidedif you are dark skinned. (2019浦東區(qū)一模) keys:D. for example 3比較填詞：通過詞義判斷(即通過同詞性詞匯的中文意思是否符合文章的整體意思，由此判斷是不是最合適的選項)和邏輯判斷(即根據(jù)文章的邏輯順序和邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，確定

19、同詞性的詞匯中的哪個是最佳答案)兩種方法確定答案。但需要注意：當(dāng)確定所選答案無誤后，填入一個詞就劃掉一個，為下面的選詞縮小范圍。Eg: 2019虹口區(qū)一模A)mainly B) completely C) managed to D) looked forward to E) organized In October last year, I was working at a school in Cambridge and it was only my second month in the job. At the end of the month the head teacher _46_ a

20、 party for all the new teachers. It was a good chance to get to know my new colleagues and I really _47_ it. As the party was on 31st October, I thought it was a Halloween party. So, the day before the party, I went to a costume hire shop and _48_ get a witchs costume (女巫的服裝). When I arrived at the

21、heads house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was _49_ mad. All the other teachers were wearing normal clothes.【答案】46.E 47. D 48. C 49. B 【解析】46.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這邊缺少謂語動詞，在C、D和E中選擇，根據(jù)句意選E。 47. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這邊缺少謂語動詞，在C、D中選擇，根據(jù)句意選D。 48. and后的詞應(yīng)該與went并列，需要動詞過去時，只有C符合。 49. 在I was mad這句話中，應(yīng)用副詞來修飾mad，只能選B。 A)

22、ages B) methods C) in charge D) silly E) suddenly It was the end of term of in June and the students were doing their exams. I was _50_ that day and, as usual before the start of the exam, I told the students all the rules: no talking, no mobile phones and so on. I was walking up and down between th

23、e rows of desks when _51_ my own phone rang. That was bad enough, but the telephone had a really _52_ring tone (音色). All the students looked up at me. It took me _53_ to find the phone in mu bag and my face went bright red. One of the students was laughing so much that she fell out of her chair.【答案】

24、50. C 51.E 52.D 53. A 【解析】50.was后加形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等，這邊應(yīng)在C和D之間選，根據(jù)句意選C 51.判斷這邊應(yīng)該用副詞，只有E符合。 52. 應(yīng)用形容詞來修飾后面的名詞，只有D符合。 53.take sb +一段時間to do sth.來判斷這邊應(yīng)該加表示時間段的名詞，故選A?！緦ｎ}過關(guān)】A. As well as B. size C. in the way D. basic E. not only Dogs are not the only animals that can be trained to help people. Helping Hands,

25、 an organization in the USA, trains capuchin monkeys to be helpers for people in wheelchairs who cannot move their arms or legs. More than 20 years ago, Dr.M.J Willard thought that a monkey might be able to help with some 46 homework. She was right. Monkeys can 47 be trained to help people, they are

26、 also wonderful partners. Capuchin monkeys are found in the wild in South Central America. They are about the 48 of a friendly and good with their hands. They can use their hands 49 humans.【答案】46.D 47.E 48.B 49. A 【解析】46.由空格前后名詞判斷，前面應(yīng)填形容詞，有根據(jù)句意所以用basic基本的。 47.根據(jù)后面also,所以應(yīng)選E notonly。 48.空格前定冠詞，所以后面應(yīng)填

27、名詞，所以應(yīng)選B。 49.根據(jù)句意它們能跟人類一樣地很好的用手，所以選A。A. please B. knowledge C. freedom D. independently E. friendships Everyday tasks, like turning on a light, putting something in the fridge, or pressing “play” on a CD player, can be difficult for someone who can not use his or her arms and legs. Capuchin monkeys

28、can easily perform these tasks. This allows their owners more 50 .They can do things on their own and can live 51 .Helping hands matches people with disabilities to monkeys who can help them. But the close 52 between the monkeys and their owners happen all on their own. The monkeys and their owners

29、become friends and learn to depend on each other. Some owners say the monkeys are almost like children to them. The monkeys can be naughty(調(diào)皮的） and sometimes like to play tricks on their owners. This is especially true of young monkeys. Mostly, they like to 53 their owners. They like the sweets they

30、 receive when they do a good job, and they like to be praised.【答案】50.C 51.D 52.E 53. A 【解析】46.根據(jù)句意”它能給他們主人更多地自由”所以用freedom自由。 47.空格前動詞live, 這里可填副詞，且根據(jù)句意“它能獨立地生活”所以選D。 48.空格后是形容詞close，所以應(yīng)填名詞，所以應(yīng)選C。 49.根據(jù)空格前是動詞不定時to，所以這里應(yīng)填動詞原形，所以應(yīng)選A取悅。A. designers B. as well as C. much D. protect E. showMost of the ti

31、me, people wear hats to protect themselves from bad weather conditions. Hats are also worn to 46 politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially womens hats, are 47 more than that. In fact, hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. Whats more, p

32、eople now consider many different features (特點)when choosing even a simple hat. Many 48 point out that, when choosing the right hat,its important to consider the color of your skin 49 your hair, your height, and the shape of your face.【答案】ECAB【解析】46題通過題意應(yīng)該是表示禮貌，選E 47題比較級more前面用much修飾 48題many后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

33、，選A 49題前后應(yīng)該是表示和的關(guān)系，用as well we A. different B. also C. difficult D. for example E. wear First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoidedif you are dark skinned. Second, the height of the hat is 51 an important point. Tall women should

34、 not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height. Most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should 52 . A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However, women with big, round

35、faces should choose a 53 style. As the saying goes, “Fine feathers make fine birds.” A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want tobe in public?【答案】DBEA【解析】50. For example放在句首，后面舉出例子 51題根據(jù)題意缺一個副詞also 52題should后加動詞

36、原形，選E 53題需要加一個形容詞，different style【學(xué)法提煉】1.最關(guān)鍵的是要改變孤立的記憶單詞的不良學(xué)法，做到詞不離句，句不離篇，做到詞匯的情景使用。2.不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文銜接和本句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，因為選一個就少一個，一發(fā)而動全身。3.結(jié)合句子成分和單詞的詞性幫助解題，并且在對比相同詞性單詞的詞義后做題?！菊n后練習(xí)】Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once(將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每詞或

37、詞組只能填一詞)（共8分）A.famousB.planeC.surpring D.by the end of E.flightMichelle was flying from Houston to London，and during the _46_，she began talking to John，the man in the seat next to herShe found out that he was president of a _47_ jeans company based in Texas；in fact，she was wearing a pair of blue jea

38、ns from his company! But that wasnt the most _48_ thingHe had lived in San Francisco when he was in high school，and it turned out that he knew Michelles best friend，who also grew up in San Francisco! They continued talkingAnd _49_ the flight，they felt that they had known each other for much longer t

39、han eight hoursA. mistakes B. completely C. practise D. steps E. instead ofNow students English handwriting gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? If not, here are four 50 that really work!Use paper with linesUsing paper with lines can ke

40、ep you writing straight 51 up or down when you write English words or sentences. Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. Be sure to fill the lined space 52 . And make sure those capital letters(大寫字母) are written properly.Slow down If your writing is hard to read, try

41、slowing down a little. For some kids, going slower makes the handwriting clear. If you write too fast , its hard for you to stop where you should, and even worse, you may make more 53 .Keys: EACD 50-53 DEBAComplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can o

42、nly be used once(將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每詞或詞組只能填一次)：（共8分）A.follow B.nervous C.culture D.leave for E.confident Studying abroad is a colorful experience. Not only do you get a chance to know a new 46 up close, but you also learn to get over new challenges(挑戰(zhàn)). If you plan to study abroad, youd better 47

43、some useful tips.Firstly, before you 48your destination country, make sure to learn about the country. Every country has it own culture, which may be different from yours. Therefore, to get used to the local way of living in a short time, you must know what the people eat, how they dress up and also

44、 what their sensitive issues(敏感問題) are. Besides, you can catch a few of the commonly-used words of the local language there. Whats more, find out about the laws of the land before you get there. This way youll be 49about how exactly you should behave yourself.A.ready B.extremely C.make sure D.prepar

45、e E. Instead Next, 50 you have all necessary documents(文件) with you before you set off to foreign countries to study. Its suggested that you make copies of both your passport and visa(簽證), in case you might need to get a new one during your stay there. Whats more, at least one other member of your f

46、amily should have a passport51 so that you can have someone by your side if you fall ill. Also, its a good idea to carry a few copies of your photo, in case you need to use one.Thirdly, when you decide to study abroad, its 52important that you research well before deciding on a university. Dont just

47、 mainly believe what the advertisements say.53 , talk to people who have completed their studies from that country or who are planning to move to the same country.Keys 46-49 CADE 50-53 CABEComplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once: (8分)(A)A. space B. towards C. weekly D. showing E. a