主謂一致--知識點總結(jié)+練習(xí)

1、 主謂一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)一、考點、熱點回顧（1） 、主謂一致的定義 “主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is, was, has, works等。（2） 它通常依據(jù)三項原則： 1） 語法一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。 2） 意義一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語， 語法上一致 就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。因此也成為形式一致原則。 1he likes

2、 English. 2we all like English1.由and連接的兩個主語(1) 如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。E.g: My English teacher and my class-teacher are talking with each other.(2) 如果指的是同一個人或物, 或者指同一概念的時候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。 E.g: My English teacher and class-teacher is Miss Wang.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no， each， every， more than a （an） ， many

3、 a （an）修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 E.g: Many a boy and many a girl Every boy and every girl Each boy and each girl wants to see the film. No boy and no girl More than a boy and more than a girl2. 如果主語是不定式，動詞ing形式或主語從句的時候,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 他正在做的事情看起來很重要。 What he is doing seems very important. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 Collecting stamp

4、s is his hobby.由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若在主系表結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中表語是復(fù)數(shù) What he left to me were some books. wh-從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to me.What he thought and did at home have nothing to do with this problem.3、 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有

5、with， together with， along with, except， but，besides，in addition to, like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 with as well as together with / along with Tim besides/ except/but/in addition to +ten boys playing basketball. like including rathe

6、r than no less than4. 在定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞that， who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：1) He is one of my friends who are working hard. 2) He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 5. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family， class， police, team, group, nation, government,等。The clas

7、s is the best one in the class.The class are taking notes.The family is a happy one.The family are music lovers.6. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of , the rest of, most of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。 1) There are a lot of people in the classroom

8、. 2) The rest of the lecture is wonderful.注意：a number of “許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of “的數(shù)量”，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。7. people, cattle 作主語是，謂語動詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)。The cattle are eating the grass.8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。1) There comes the bus. 2) On the wall are many pictures. 所謂概念(意義)一致原則是指謂語動詞和主語一

9、致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而是其實際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。1. 形復(fù)意單名詞如: news; 以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics; 國名如: the United States; 報紙名如: the New Times; 書名如: Arabian Nights(一千零一夜); 以及 the United Nations 等作主語; 謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 2. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a

10、（the） pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。My shoes is dirty.The pair of shoes looks beautifull. I like it very much.3. 表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體.100 miles is a long distance.Fifty-six dollars was stolen by a thief.表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)。One and a half ap

11、ples is （are） left on the table. 4. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。 1)Twelve plus eight is twenty. 2) Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.5. a（this） kind of ,a pair of , a series of, a set of, a crowd of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1) A series of TV show is instructive .2) This kind of men is dangerous.注意：

12、 Men of this kind are dangerous .6. 單復(fù)同形的名詞，如: means, sheep, deer, species, aircraft, series, works(工廠)，Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese 等作主語表復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 反之，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1) Every means has been tried .2) All possible means have been tried .7. 如果主語由“the + 形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時,謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有: the brave,

13、 the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb等就近一致1. There be 句型 Be 可以由exist/ stand/ lie/ seem 代替There has been a bookThere have been books.2. 用連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等連接的并列主語, 謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致. Not only the students but also Miss Wa

14、ng likes English.Neither the students nor Miss Wang likes English.Either the students or Miss Wang likes English.1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gif

15、ted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. isC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is

16、 to be held; wasC. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploitedC. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories

17、 of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC.

18、HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watchingC. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. woul

19、d be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preservedC. were preservedD. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle s

20、chool.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C. isD. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wa

21、sD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about voluntee

22、r workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. hav

23、e cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knowsC. is knownD. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has beenC. had beenD. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us hasB.

24、Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoyB. were enjoyingC. enjoysD. enjoy1.解析：選B. hundred一

25、詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s2. 解析：選D. 當(dāng)either or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。3. 解析：選A. who 為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語動詞要用am.4. 解析：選D. 主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。5.解析：選C. there be句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，a lot of rubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。6. 解析：選A. 主語為coal, 是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。7. 解析：選A. 主語Stories of the Long March 是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8. 解析：選C. 此處mathematics 為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9. 解析：選B. both-and-連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10.解析：選C. either 是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一致。11.解析：選B. what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語