新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)u(píng)nit1語法總結(jié)

1、第一單元重點(diǎn)語法1.復(fù)合不定代詞：something, anything, nothing, everything, someone, anyone, no one, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody。復(fù)合不定代詞的用法復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲門修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞或其它詞要放在其后，即定語后置。eg.There is something important on todaysnewspaper.今天的報(bào)紙有些重要新聞。復(fù)合不定代詞變否

2、定句時(shí)，要否定主語：eg.Somethingiswrong.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌㏒omething isnt wrong.（錯(cuò)誤） Nothing is wrong.（正確）Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句；anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑問句及條件句。eg.There is something new in the park.公園里有些新的景點(diǎn)。Do you have anything interesting to tell us？你有什么有趣的事要告訴我們嗎？當(dāng)somebody,someone等用于疑問句時(shí)，表示肯定、請(qǐng)求、建議或

3、反問；anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。eg.Is someone coming this afternoon？今天下午有客人來嗎？Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能犯錯(cuò)誤。練習(xí)1. ( ) Nobody the answer to the question?A. know B. knows C. knowing D. are know( ) 2. Could you do_for me, please?A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything( ) 3. The bottle is

4、 empty. There is_ in it.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything( ) 4. Did you find _ in the room? No, we found _ there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody( ) 5. I'm not busy. I haven't _ to do. A. something B. everything C. nothing D

5、. anything( )6. She is a new here, so we know about her.A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything( ) 7. Listen to me. I have_ to tell you.A. anything new B. something new C. new something D. nothing new( ) 8. By the way, is there _ in today's newspaper? A. something new B. anything new C

6、. new something D. new anything( ) 9.Is there in today's newspaper?A. special something B. special anything C. something special D. anything special2.反身代詞完成下列表格：?jiǎn)螖?shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱我自己我們自己第二人稱你自己你們自己yourselves第三人稱他自己他們自己她自己它自己itself反身代詞在句中可作同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，也可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Par

7、is.（作同位語）She bought herself a new bag.（作動(dòng)詞賓語）Hes not worried about himself.（作介詞賓語）帶有反身代詞的常用短語teach oneself 自學(xué) help oneself to 隨便吃些吧 say to oneself 自言自語 learnby oneself 自學(xué)enjoy oneself 過得愉快 leave one by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下 hurt oneself 傷了自己dress oneself 自己穿衣服 come to oneself 蘇醒過來練習(xí)一選擇。1. Those girls enjo

8、yed _ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves3. The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its 4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself 5.

9、The father will make _ a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself 6. The scarf is _, she made it_. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself 7. Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8. Lu

10、ckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for ? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me10. I like watching in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself11.We _ at the party last Sunday.A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ou

11、rselves C. enjoy myself D. enjoyed ourself12. Let Tony do it by_. He is no longer a kid A. him B. his C. himself D. he13. You are twelve now. _ must look after_.A. You; yourself B. Your; yourself C. You; your D. You're; yourself3.一般過去時(shí)意義：一般過去時(shí)用來表示過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。主語+was/were結(jié)構(gòu)：主語

12、+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式+標(biāo)志詞: yesterday , the day before yesterday , last + 時(shí)間 , this morning ， 時(shí)間 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 過去的時(shí)間 。練習(xí)一：句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. The children had a good time in the park.否定句：_一般疑問句：_對(duì)劃線部分提問：_2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.否定句：_一般疑問句：_對(duì)劃線部分提問：_3. Ann did her homewor

13、k yesterday evening.否定句：_一般疑問句：_對(duì)劃線部分提問：_4. Last week I read an English book.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定/否定回答：_對(duì)劃線部分提問：_5. My brother was in the park just now.否定句：_一般疑問句：_對(duì)劃線部分提問：_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。He _(visit) the Great Wall last year.2.We_(have) a good time yesterday.3.We often _(go) to school by bus last year.4.

14、I _(live)in the village when I was a child.5.Mike_(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.6.Sam_ (do) the housework yesterday.7._(do) you _(enjoy) yourself yesterday?8._(do)you _(play) the violin in the artroom yesterday?No, I didn't. I_(draw)some pictures there.9. I _ (eat) a big pizza y

15、esterday.10.There_ (be) many sheep on the farm last year.11. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.12. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.13. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)14. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?15. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.Unit2 Ho

16、w often do you exercise?重點(diǎn)短語： how often 多久一次help with housework 幫助做家務(wù) on weekends 在周末go to the movies 去看電影 go shopping 去購(gòu)物do exercises 做鍛煉 do the dishes 洗餐具h(yuǎn)ardly ever 幾乎從不 once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月兩次 be free 有空 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈課和鋼琴課 swing dance 搖擺舞 play tennis 打網(wǎng)球 stay up lat

17、e 熬夜；睡得很晚 use the Internet 用互聯(lián)網(wǎng) at least 至少 go to bed early 早點(diǎn)睡覺 want sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事 be good for 對(duì)有好處 play sports 進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng) go camping 去野營(yíng) in ones free time 在某人的業(yè)余時(shí)間 ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事 notat all 一點(diǎn)兒也不 the most popular 最受歡迎的 by doing sth. 通過做某事 the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 help sb. w

18、ith sth. 幫助某人做某事 How about? .怎么樣？/ 好不好？ spend time with sb. 和某人一起度過時(shí)光 such as 比如；諸如 old habits die hard 積習(xí)難改 go to the dentist 去看牙醫(yī) less than 少于 more than 多于；超過重點(diǎn)語法：1. 不確定的頻度副詞：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生間隔（既頻率）的副詞。它們有：always ; usually ; often ; sometimes ; seldom ； hardly ever ; never 等。always（100%） usually（約80%90%） of

19、ten（約60%） sometimes（約30%） seldom（約20%） hardly ever（約10%） never（0%）在句中位置：頻度副詞在句中通常放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。She is often late for school./I can never be sure./He always helps me.2.表示確定的頻率短語 every day/week/month/year 每天/周/月/年 once a week 每周一次 twice a week 每周兩次 twice a month 一月兩次three times a day 一天三次

20、注：三次或三次以上一般用“基數(shù)詞times”表示。3.區(qū)別how soon 跟 how longhow long多久（用來提問有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）回答通常是more than two weeks、for a week、ten years等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。例：How long did you study English in China?For three weeks.2. how soon 用來提問“需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才會(huì)”，指某一動(dòng)作要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后才能完成或發(fā)生?；卮鹜ǔＪ恰癷n一段時(shí)間”例：How soon will you come back？ In a week.特殊疑問詞How的用法家族成員稱

21、呼職責(zé)how1)怎樣；怎么2)多么1)指詢問方式、方法；程度2)構(gòu)成感嘆句how old幾歲詢問年齡多大。how many多少詢問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。how much1)多少2)多少錢1)詢問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量2)詢問價(jià)錢或錢的數(shù)量how far多 遠(yuǎn)詢問兩地之間的距離。how often多久一次(表頻率)詢問做某事多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次。how long1)多久2)多長(zhǎng)1)詢問做某事花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間2)詢問物體的長(zhǎng)度how tall多高詢問人或物的高度how fast多快詢問速度練習(xí)：1.It took 100,000 workers twenty years to build the Great Pyrami

22、d._2. His father goes to Beijing twice a year._3. The train will arrive in half an hour. _4. Tom is eleven. _5. He goes to school by bike. _6. There are five people in his family. _7. There is much milk in the glass. _8. Li Lei watches TV six times a month. _9. Jack sees the movies twice a week. _4.

23、spend,cost,take,pay用法區(qū)別：spend on .: 在某方面花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢spend(in)doing sth: 花費(fèi)做某事spend time with sb: 和某人共度時(shí)光It takes sb. 時(shí)間to do sth： 做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間sth. costs (sb.) 金錢: 某物花了（某人）多少錢(doing) sth. costs (sb.) 時(shí)間： 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時(shí)間pay (sb.) money for sth： 付錢（給某人）買take、spend、pay、cost的課下練習(xí)題答案：練習(xí)：一. 用take、spend、pay、cost四種方式翻譯下列句子：這件新裙子花了我200元。 _ _二. 翻譯：買這本書花費(fèi)我二十元錢。(cost) _他的媽媽為我付了買書的錢。(pay) _做作業(yè)花費(fèi)了我一晚上的時(shí)間。(take) _三. 填空（用take、spend、pay、cost填空，請(qǐng)注意考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化）1. The book _ me $20.2. It_ me half an hour to find the