初中八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)對(duì)照表

1、初中八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)對(duì)照表時(shí) 態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesalways, usually, often, seldom, every, how often, on weekends, once a day, twice a week, three times a year 注意動(dòng)詞單三的變化； do/does構(gòu)成的疑問句和否定句。特別注意在when, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句及if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。敘述真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一般過去時(shí)didyesterday, last, ago, in 20

2、00this morning, at that momenta moment ago=just now, in the past規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式；did構(gòu)成的疑問句和否定句。一般將來時(shí)will/shall doam/is/are + going to dotomorrow，next，tonight，in the future, in 2050, this afternoon/evening, in 100 yearsat once/right now/right away/in a minutesoon, before long(不久后), later on(以

3、后)注意位移動(dòng)詞come, go, fly, leave用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的情況。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are +V-ingLook! Listen! now=at the momentat present (目前) , these days(這些天)掌握-ing形式的變化。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were + V-ingat that time, at this time yesterdayat five oclock yesterdaythe whole morning, while, when掌握when, while從句的搭配。過去將來時(shí)would/should dowas/were +

4、going to +dotwo days later, the next week, the following day及賓語(yǔ)從句中。常用于主句是過去時(shí)，敘述動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生的賓語(yǔ)從句中。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has + donejust, ever, never, already, yet, before, recently, so far, once, twice, three/four times, in the past/last few years, in the past 10 years, for a long time, for five years, for a week, si

5、nce then, since last year, since two years ago, since +一般過去時(shí)的句子 掌握過去分詞的構(gòu)成； 掌握與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的標(biāo)志詞； have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別； 短暫性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中與for, since連用時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換；與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別。過去完成時(shí)had+ doneby the time, before we came here, by the end of last year以及賓語(yǔ)從句中表示“過去的過去”。、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一）定義表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力及客觀真理。

6、例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home .(二)構(gòu)成 主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s/es。(三)句型 1、肯定句：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主語(yǔ)+dont/doesnt+謂語(yǔ)+其他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+d

7、o/does+主語(yǔ)+V原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ? （三）用法 1、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或存在的狀態(tài)，帶與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等連用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning

8、 . 2、表示客觀真理，科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出東方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國(guó)位于太平洋西岸。 3、根據(jù)英文語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來時(shí)，那么時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示

9、將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。 If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting . 4、僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)"，其重點(diǎn)"不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語(yǔ)。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。 Chang

10、jiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音樂。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。（四）動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則 1、一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-es;如：dres

11、s-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es;如：study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、動(dòng)詞have遇在主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，have改為has，如：He has an interesting book .5、動(dòng)詞be遇有主語(yǔ)是第一人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，be改為am，遇有主語(yǔ)是第二人稱時(shí)，be改為are，遇有主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，be改為is二、 一般過去時(shí)（一）結(jié)構(gòu) 一般過去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)否定句一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞was/ were+n

12、otwas或were提前，放于句首行為動(dòng)詞didnt+do（動(dòng)詞原形）Did+主語(yǔ)+do（動(dòng)詞原形）注：在一般過去時(shí)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可分為兩類一類是be動(dòng)詞，其形式為was與第一、三人稱單數(shù)連用，were與第二人稱和復(fù)數(shù)人稱的主語(yǔ)連用。凡是由be動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)的句子，變否定句時(shí)，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，變一般疑問句將was/ were放在句首，句末用問號(hào)。另一類謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由行為動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)，如stayedwentvisited等,這一類動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，可與任何人稱連用，句子變否定時(shí)，要在主語(yǔ)后面，動(dòng)詞的前面加didnt，動(dòng)詞用原形；一般疑問句是把did提到句首，動(dòng)詞用原形。

13、I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year ? He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式 1、肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主語(yǔ)+wasnt 或were

14、nt+其他。 主語(yǔ)+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday . I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑問句：was/ were+主語(yǔ)+V原+其他？ Did +主語(yǔ)+V原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ was/ were+主語(yǔ)+其他？特殊疑問詞+did+主語(yǔ)+V原+其他？ Where were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yes

15、terday ?（三）用法 1、表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，常與明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等連用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano . 2、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .

16、3、在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去將來時(shí)。 He said he wouldnt go if it rained .（四）動(dòng)詞過去式的規(guī)則變化1) 一般情況下, 在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 結(jié)尾是字母e 的動(dòng)詞加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y” 的動(dòng)詞, 變“y”為“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 雙寫動(dòng)詞尾的輔音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecat

17、ch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could動(dòng)詞過去式的記憶口訣動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí), 表示過去發(fā)生事；be用was或用were, have, has變had；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去式, 過去時(shí)間坐標(biāo)志；一般動(dòng)詞加- ed, 若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單, 主語(yǔ)之后didnt添；疑問句也不難, did放在主語(yǔ)前；如果謂語(yǔ)之前有did,

18、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需還原；動(dòng)詞若是was, were, 否定就把not添。三、一般將來時(shí)（一）概念表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）結(jié)構(gòu)1、由will +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，其will適用于各種人稱，與主語(yǔ)連在一起時(shí)，常?？s寫為ll。變否定句時(shí)，只需在will后加not，可縮寫為wont 。在疑問句中，will需提前，構(gòu)成will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達(dá)這里。2、sha

19、ll+動(dòng)詞原形（常用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。3、be going to+動(dòng)詞原形（打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。（三）用法 1、表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year）， this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after

20、 tomorrow ,by， soon 等連用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you wont be late next time . 2、當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或條件句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to

21、B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4

22、. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be四、過去將來時(shí) 表示過去的某時(shí)

23、以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但這個(gè)"將來"時(shí)間絕不會(huì)延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過去時(shí)間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。由此可以看出，含這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句子常帶一個(gè)表示“過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語(yǔ)。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)或是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，或是一個(gè)句子。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常用于： A）賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中；B）表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；C）表示過去情況中的“愿望”、“傾向”，多用于否定句。例如： A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當(dāng)我考慮這件事時(shí)，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。 She told me that she would go on t

24、rip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。 He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他沒料到我們會(huì)全在那兒。 B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段時(shí)間，他每天早鍛煉。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無(wú)論他什么時(shí)間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。 C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會(huì)堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會(huì)允許發(fā)生這樣的事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience woul