應(yīng)用Excel編制AutoCAD腳本文件實(shí)現(xiàn)批量展點(diǎn)繪圖

1、 計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用應(yīng)用Excel 編制Aut oC AD 腳本文件實(shí)現(xiàn)批量展點(diǎn)繪圖邱章云(葛洲壩股份公司測(cè)繪總隊(duì), 湖北宜昌443002摘要:文中介紹了以Excel 作為數(shù)據(jù)處理工具, 應(yīng)用Aut oC AD 中腳本文件(3. scr 作為批處理程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)自動(dòng)批量展點(diǎn)、標(biāo)注高程、繪制斷面圖等功能。以此代替原始的手工繪圖, 關(guān)鍵詞:Aut oCAD; Excel; 數(shù)字化成圖; 腳本文件; 中圖分類號(hào):T B23文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B :-( -03、和Excel 基礎(chǔ), 即可以實(shí)現(xiàn)“批量展點(diǎn)繪圖及電子表格自動(dòng)計(jì)量, 從而擺脫傳統(tǒng)手工繪圖和手工量算面積計(jì)量帶來(lái)的諸多不便。Aut oCAD 和Excel 是目前國(guó)

2、內(nèi)外使用非常廣泛應(yīng)A 、B 、C 、D 、E 各列, 只采用Y 坐標(biāo)(C , X 坐標(biāo)(D 兩列, 在任意空白列相對(duì)應(yīng)的單元格如G1中輸入文本合并公式:=" point " &C1&", " &D1, 內(nèi)為公式表達(dá)式, 用鼠標(biāo)拖動(dòng)填充柄經(jīng)過(guò)待填充區(qū)域, 既得到腳本文件所需文本, 見(jiàn)圖1:(為保留小數(shù)點(diǎn)后兩位, 采用了“LEFT ”函數(shù)。 的CAD 繪圖和office 辦公軟件。當(dāng)前最流行的版本是Aut oCAD 2000和Excel 2000中文版?？梢园岩幌盗行枰貜?fù)使用的Aut oCAD 繪圖命令和參數(shù)編寫成腳本文件。腳本文件

3、是ASC II 碼文本文件, 類型為3. scr, 可在任意文本編輯器中編寫構(gòu)成一命令序列, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)程序。在Aut oCAD 中用" scri p t" 命令測(cè)試和運(yùn)行此文件, 即可按指定順序執(zhí)行這些命令(類似于DOS 系統(tǒng)中的批處理功能 。編寫腳本文件的格式規(guī)則主要為:空格即代表回車, 不得隨意增減空格, 須清楚所用Aut oCAD 繪圖命令及參數(shù)的使用情況, 本文示例中均以“”表示空格; 字母大小寫不限, 但空格或雙引號(hào)等符號(hào)須在英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)狀態(tài)下輸入。所介紹的批量展點(diǎn)繪圖主要以腳本文件(3. scr 為主來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。1Aut oCAD 批量展點(diǎn)繪圖圖1腳本文件所需文本將該

4、列文本內(nèi)容剪貼到word 或者記事本中, 另存為純文本文件, 擴(kuò)展名為scr, 文件內(nèi)容示例如下:point 49850184, 19299147point 49855191, 19277128point 49839163, 19298186point 49839166, 19270142此外, 還可以采用Aut oL I SP 語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)形式, 其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式為:(command" point" " Y, X" 。用Excel 處理:插入兩列如L 、M 列, 內(nèi)容為(co mmand" point" " 和" , 內(nèi)

5、為單元格填充內(nèi)容, 在另空白列N 相應(yīng)單元格中輸入文本合并公式:=L1&C1&", "D1&M1, 用鼠標(biāo)拖動(dòng)填充柄經(jīng)過(guò)待填充區(qū)域, 后得到如下文本:(command" point" " 49850184, 19299147" (command" point" " 49855191, 19277128" (command" point" " 49839163, 19298186" 需掌握三個(gè)Aut oCAD 命令:展點(diǎn)"

6、point" ; 寫文字" text" ; 畫直線段" line" 。111展點(diǎn)其腳本文件格式為:point Y, X 。如測(cè)了一段公路的帶狀地形, 將野外采集的原始數(shù)據(jù)按Aut o 2CAD 默認(rèn)的繪圖設(shè)置(數(shù)學(xué)坐標(biāo)系 編輯成三維坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)格式(點(diǎn)號(hào), 編碼, Y, X, H , 存為文本文件。在Excel 中打開(kāi)該文件, 點(diǎn)號(hào)、編碼、Y 、X 、H 分別對(duì)52 (command" point" " 49839166, 19270142" 同理存為擴(kuò)展名為scr 的純文本腳本文件。以上腳本文件(31scr

7、 生成后, 在Aut oCAD 菜單" t ools" 中調(diào)用" Run scri p t 111" 命令, 或直接在命令行中輸入" scri p t" , 彈出打開(kāi)文件對(duì)話框, 選定剛生成的31scr 文件, 即可完成繪圖, 以下類同。112標(biāo)注高程如需要展測(cè)點(diǎn)高程, 則用Excel 打開(kāi)上述三維坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)文件, 取Y, X, H 三列, 將Command 后的point 命令改為Text 命令, 需要熟悉該命令參數(shù)設(shè)置, 可先在Aut oCAD J 標(biāo)記在點(diǎn)的右邊, (J (ML , 樣式(S 一般為宋體。指定起點(diǎn)為點(diǎn)的平面坐標(biāo)(Y

8、, X ;指定高度215; 指定文字的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度0; 輸入文字或直接回車。按要求選定好標(biāo)注高程的字體樣式、對(duì)正方式、大小及旋轉(zhuǎn)角度后即可調(diào)用腳本文件, 標(biāo)注高程的腳本文件格式為:。腳本文件內(nèi)容示例如下:text J ML 49850184, 19299147115155text J ML 49855191, 19277128114188text J ML 49839163, 19298186115136text J ML 49839166, 19270142115119Text192981866" " " " " " 1151366&q

9、uot; (command"Text192701422" " " " " " 1151197" (command " " " " "498391637, 498391668,運(yùn)行以上腳本文件, 則可標(biāo)記整齊美觀的各測(cè)點(diǎn)高程。同理, 如果需要展點(diǎn)號(hào)或展測(cè)點(diǎn)編碼, 原理等同高程注記。只需將高程列改為點(diǎn)號(hào)或編碼列, , " 格式點(diǎn)的樣, 。113繪斷面圖(以橫斷面為例 設(shè)置點(diǎn)的樣式為帶圓心的小圓點(diǎn), 實(shí)測(cè)橫斷面數(shù)據(jù)整理為(S i , H i 格式, 需按順序從左

10、到右或從右到左依次排成兩列。S i 表示測(cè)點(diǎn)距中樁(軸線 的距離, 左“一”右“十”, H i 為實(shí)測(cè)點(diǎn)高程, (S i , H i 等同于(Y, X 坐標(biāo)。假定中樁軸線上某一設(shè)計(jì)整數(shù)高程值為H 0, (該整數(shù)高程最好在中樁設(shè)計(jì)高程附近 , 用Excel 處理后得到兩列:S i 、H i , 把中樁軸線上整數(shù)高程(H 0 點(diǎn)定為操作基點(diǎn)。有兩種方法:其一將各斷面點(diǎn)展出, 然后逐一連線, 原理同上所述; 其二用" L ine" 命令編制腳本文件, 格式為:line S i , H i S i +1, H i +1。假定某一斷面共有10個(gè)斷面點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)(S i , H i 用Exc

11、el 編輯成如下:line S 1, H 1S 2, H 2line S 2, H 2S 3, H 3line S 3, H 3S 4, H 4用Excel 處理結(jié)果如圖2所示 。line S 8, H 8S 9, H 9line S 9, H 9S 10, H 10point 0, H 0text J ML 0, H 0H 0Aut oL I SP 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式為:(command" L ine" " S i , H i " " S i +1, H i +1" " " 。腳本文件內(nèi)容如下:圖2用Excel 處理結(jié)

12、果(command"L ine" " S 1, H 1" " S 2, H 2" " " (command"L ine" " S 2, H 2" " S 3, H 3" " " Aut oL I SP 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式為:(command" Text" "Y, X" " " " " " H" 。腳本文件內(nèi)容示例如下:Text192991473

13、" " " " " " 1151552" Text192771283" " " " " " 1141885" (command"(command"" " " "498501841, 498551915,(command"L ine" " S 8, H 8" " S 9, H 9" " " (command"L

14、 ine" " S 9, H 9" " S 10, H 10" " " (command" point" " 0, H 0" (command" Text" " 0, H 0" " " " " " H 0" 53 剪貼到文本編輯器中, 另存為純文本腳本文件(31scr 即可。最后兩行為繪制基點(diǎn)及標(biāo)注基點(diǎn)高程?？勺鳛槔L制設(shè)計(jì)斷面線、斷面方格網(wǎng)和標(biāo)尺高程注記的參考點(diǎn)。設(shè)計(jì)斷面線可以以操作基點(diǎn)

15、為參考點(diǎn)應(yīng)用相對(duì)坐標(biāo)(Y,X ; “手工”在Aut ocad 中繪制或?qū)⒃O(shè)計(jì)斷面分解成斷面點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)繪圖。也可將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)線連同斷面格網(wǎng)和標(biāo)尺做成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖塊插入繪制。基于Aut oC AD 2000中文版支持多文檔操作和基點(diǎn)復(fù)制功能, 可根據(jù)打印機(jī)限定的圖幅大小(如A3、A4 , 制作帶標(biāo)尺厘米格網(wǎng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖框(出圖比例1:1 , 其它文檔上自動(dòng)繪制的斷面圖, 通過(guò)“基點(diǎn)復(fù)制, , 用“ARE A ”命令, 用電子表格制作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方量計(jì)算表(關(guān)鍵在于錯(cuò)格合并, 單元格自動(dòng)計(jì)算公式的輸入 , 將斷面的樁號(hào)、面積輸入到計(jì)算表格, 通過(guò)公式自動(dòng)計(jì)算方量。見(jiàn)示例圖3。3結(jié)語(yǔ)上述方法可等同某些專業(yè)數(shù)字化成圖軟件

16、的類似功能, 相對(duì)傳統(tǒng)手工模式則有質(zhì)的飛躍, 而且簡(jiǎn)單易掌握、應(yīng)用更加靈活。腳本文件可作為一個(gè)完整的繪圖程序直接執(zhí)行, , 使, 可直接讀寫原始數(shù), 自動(dòng)化程度更高。上述方法在云南小灣水電站對(duì)外公路第四標(biāo)的測(cè)繪工作中得到很好的應(yīng)用, 提高了繪圖精度, 減少計(jì)算粗差的出現(xiàn), 并使勞動(dòng)效率得到較大提高。參考文獻(xiàn):1郭朝勇等1Aut oC AD14(中文版 二次開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)M1北京:清華大學(xué)出版社1199912段紅梅1Aut oCAD2000(中文版 自學(xué)教程M1北京:清華大學(xué)出版社119991作者簡(jiǎn)介:邱章云(1974- , 男, 湖南常德人, 工程師, 主要從事工程測(cè)量、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)字化制圖等方面的

17、工作。圖3示例(收稿日期:2005-01-06(上接第51頁(yè)4結(jié)語(yǔ)大學(xué)出版社, 20011作者簡(jiǎn)介:王新生, 男, 山東淄博人, 現(xiàn)任山東金嶺鐵礦測(cè)量工程師, 主要從事工程測(cè)量、地形測(cè)量、地籍測(cè)量等測(cè)量工作。地形測(cè)量從白紙測(cè)圖變革為數(shù)字測(cè)圖, 測(cè)量的成果可供傳輸、處理、共享的數(shù)字地形信息, 即以計(jì)算機(jī)磁盤為載體的數(shù)字地形圖, 這將成為信息時(shí)代不可缺少的地理信息的重要組成部分。參考文獻(xiàn):1高井祥等1數(shù)字測(cè)圖原理與方法M1徐州:中國(guó)礦業(yè)(收稿日期:2005-01-1254ENGL I SH ABSTRACTS O F M A I N ART I CL ES I N TH I S I SSUEEst

18、ablish ment of the Res ources Envir onmentalMonit o 2ring Syste m in Fuxin M ining A rea -The paper illus 2trates the Res ources Envir on mental Monit oring Syste m in Fuxin m ining area established with the integrated technique of RS with GI S, and highlights es pecially the functi on and technol o

19、gical fl ow sheet of the syste m. The establishment of the syste m can p r ovide not only detailed data for envir on mental hazard harness and sustained devel opment of Fuxin m ining area but als o scientific reference f or leaders when they make deci 2si ons . (W ang Chongchang et al . Research on

20、Data Conversi on w and the JX -4-the paper t o on een EPSX2000and the -s olves the p r oble m of data conversi on bet w een the EPSX2000and the JX -4, makes it possible that the data of the EPSX2000and the JX -4can be shared on trans -p latf or m , and is easy t o understand and si m p le t o operat

21、e, is worth popularizing and utilizing in p r oducti on units . (Q iu Chunxia Design and Pr obe int o the Evaluati on Soft w are of GI S Spatial Data Quality -I n the paper, characteristics of the s patial data quality and the err or s ource and kinds of the s patial data are firstly described, and

22、then the design concep t of the data quality evaluati on s oft w are and the method t o design the database of the meta -data about data quality in accordance with current ac 2curacy evaluati on method are p r ovided . (Chen Junjie et al . Establish ment of the I M AGI S -based Three -D i m en 2si o

23、nal U rban V isualizati on Syste m -I n vie w of the characteristics of the I M AGI S and the syste m require 2ments, the three -di m ensi onal urban visualizati on is realized in the paper based on the t opographic map and re mote sensing i m age thr ough p rep r ocessing the t opographic map, gene

24、rating the three -di m ensi onal t opographic map, establishing the three -di m ensi onal model and mapp ing the texture . (Cheng Q ian et al . Si m p le D iscussi on on Several Pr oble m s of the GPS D ifference Method in Actual U se in M ining A rea -The paper elaborates the methods how t o measur

25、e ac 2curately the W GS -84coordinate of the reference sta 2ti on and how t o s olve the para meters converted fr om the W GS -84coordinate t o the l ocal coordinate s o as t o realize the GPS difference measure ment in the m in 2ing area where the GPS is firstly used t o make differ 2ence measure m

26、ent . (W ang Guoying et al . thRealizati on of Conversi on fr o m the 54Coordinate t oththe 80Coordinate by U sing the Quadratic Polynom ial -The Beijing Coordinate Syste m in 1954and the Xian Coordinate System in 1980are t w o kinds of coordi 2nate syste m s kep t in the map document p resently in

27、China . I n the paper, a test using the quadratic poly 2thnom ial method t o make conversi on fr om the 54coordi 2thnate t o the 80coordinate is done, which is p r oved bythe operati onal analysis t o be effective for the coordi 2nate conversi on of the s patial data in certain regi ons . (W ang J i

28、andi et al . The Method of Laying Traverses t o Reduce the Thr ough Err or of the Extra -l ong Tunnel -The paper analyses main fact ors affecting the lateral thr ough err or of the extra -l ong tunnel . Si m ultaneously s ome ne w methods and acti ons t o positi on points and the ol fra f or ward an

29、d s ome made are given . (et al . Pl otting by U sing the Excel t ile the Scri p t Document of the Aut oCAD -I n the paper, using the scri p t document (3. scr of the Aut oCAD as batch p r ocessing p r ogra m t o realize s ome functi ons including aut omatic batch points p l otting, height marking a

30、nd cr oss secti on drafting etc . based on the Excel data p r ocessing t ool is elaborated, which can rep lace original hand drafting and has relatively good p ractical significance . (Q iu Zhangyun Aut oCAD -based Aut o matic Calculati on of the Road Survey Data -Many diagra m s and data tables are

31、 re 2quired t o be treated in the reconnaissance survey and design of r oads, while the traditi onal method is t o draft by hand, which not only wastes labor power but als o p r ol ongs the design ti m e . The paper illustrates a ne w method of using the VB and CAD p r ogra m s t o realize aut o mat

32、ic drafting of p lan vie w of the r oads and tables of every p ile coordinate, which is p r oved by p ractice t o be si m p le and p ractical, can use manpower and ma 2terial res ources s paringly, i m p r ove working efficiency and accuracy, and lay a f oundati on f or r oad survey . (Zhang J inyu et al . Ref or m and Practice of Practical Teaching of Engineer 2ing Survey -The engineering survey is main technol o 2gy of the engineering constructi on and basic technol ogy for civil enginee