動(dòng)詞不定式用法講解(共10頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)    動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to動(dòng)詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，稱為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句子中可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。    一. 作主語(yǔ)  例如：    To be a doctor is hard.    做醫(yī)生很難。    To learn E

2、nglish well is not easy.    學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。    動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it”作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：    It is hard to be a doctor.    It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：    Its important to plant trees i

3、n spring.    如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前面加一個(gè)由介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：    Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning.    對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)每天早晨大聲讀英語(yǔ)是很有益的。    It is important for students to use English every day.    對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)每天使用英語(yǔ)是很重要的

4、。    二. 作表語(yǔ)：    動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)常用于系詞be的后面。例：    His work is to drive a car.    他的工作是開(kāi)車。    My job is to feed animals.    我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。    Her ambition is to be a doctor.    她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。

5、0;   三. 作賓語(yǔ)    動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）可以放在一些動(dòng)詞后面用作賓語(yǔ)，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：    I want to tell you a story.    我想給你講個(gè)故事。    They begin to work at eight every morning.  

6、;  他們每天早晨8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始工作。    Dont forget to lock the door.    別忘了鎖門。    Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?    明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？    *如果and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式一般省“to”例：   （1）He wants to go and have a

7、swim with us.    他想和我們一起去游泳。   （2）若作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）很長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。    I find it interesting to learn English with you.    我覺(jué)得和你一起學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有趣。    He found it hard to catch up with others.    他覺(jué)得趕上別人很困難。    四. 作賓

8、語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：    The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.    老師讓我們?cè)绯孔x半小時(shí)英語(yǔ)。    The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.    老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲。    Please let me h

9、elp you.    讓我來(lái)幫助你。    動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官聽(tīng)覺(jué)動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：  1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：    tell /ask

10、 / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.    例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.    I want you to go now.    我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。    Her parents wish her to be a teacher.    她父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。

11、0; 2.省“to”的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：    Let / make / have sb. do sth.    Let the boy go out now.    讓那個(gè)男孩出去。    The boy made the baby cry.    男孩弄哭了這個(gè)小孩。    see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.    I sa

12、w the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.    昨天我看見(jiàn)學(xué)生們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)打籃球。    I often hear the girl sing in the next room.    我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到女孩在隔壁唱歌。  3.可省可不省的：    help sb. （to）do sth.    I often help my mother （to）do housewor

13、k.    我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。    *動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例：   （1）Tell them not to play football in the street.    告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。   （2）省to的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not. 例：    Let the boy not go.    讓那個(gè)男孩別走。   （3

14、）如果將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式則不省“to”，即原來(lái)省的再加上，例：    The boy made the baby cry.    The baby was made to cry by the boy.    那個(gè)孩子被男孩弄哭了。    五. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)    動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語(yǔ)。例：    Who

15、was the first one to arrive?    誰(shuí)第一個(gè)到的？    She has no paper to write on?    她沒(méi)有紙寫(xiě)字？    The best way to learn English is to use it.    學(xué)英語(yǔ)最好的方法是使用它。    When is the best time to plant vegetables?   

16、; 什么時(shí)候是種植蔬菜的最好時(shí)間？    Do you have something to drink?    你這有喝的嗎？    *動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后應(yīng)加上一個(gè)含義上所需要的介詞。例：    I have no chair to sit on.    我沒(méi)有椅子坐。    He has no house to live in.

17、    他沒(méi)有房子住。    六. 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)：    動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)常用在go, come, hurry等不及物動(dòng)詞后，表目的。    He went to see his sister yesterday.    他昨天去看妹妹了。    They got up early to catch the early bus.    他們?cè)缙鹑ペs早班車。 

18、0;  有時(shí)可以把不定式（短語(yǔ)）提前，放于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。例：    To early English quickly and well, he went to England.    為了更快更好地學(xué)英語(yǔ)，他去了英國(guó)。    七. 不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用，可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例：    The problem is where to get a computer. （表語(yǔ)）    No one knows how to d

19、o it.    沒(méi)有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）    I really dont know which one to choose. （賓）    我真的不知道選哪一個(gè)。    When and where to have the party is not known. （主語(yǔ)）    何時(shí)何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。    *不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)可以改為賓語(yǔ)從句。例：    I

20、dont know what to do next.    我不知下一步該做什么？    I dont know what I should do next.附:動(dòng)詞不定式用法詳解動(dòng)詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它在句中起的是名詞。形容詞或副詞的作用,可在句子中作主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式是"to +動(dòng)詞原形",但to有時(shí)要省去。動(dòng)詞不定式在具體運(yùn)用時(shí),用不用to,取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法:一、帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)1.我們學(xué)過(guò)的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有: want, ask, t

21、ell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告訴我別叫醒凱特。二、不帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 以下幾種情況使用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式: 1.在固定詞組had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如: You had better go home now.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。

22、It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役動(dòng)詞后,要跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如: I made them give me the money back.我迫使他們把錢還給我。 I didn't see you come in.我沒(méi)看見(jiàn)你進(jìn)來(lái)。 3.在引導(dǎo)疑問(wèn)句的why not之后。 "Why not+不帶to的不定式"是Why don't you do的省略,可以用來(lái)提出建議或

23、勸告。例如: Why not go with us。為什么不和我們一起去呢。 Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。為什么不休個(gè)假呢。三、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ) 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)傾向于采用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后置的形式。例如： Its difficult to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。四、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 不定式作定語(yǔ),要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。例如:I have nothing to say on this question.對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題我無(wú)可奉告。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作

24、賓語(yǔ) 有的及物動(dòng)詞要求跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。如果其中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ),則必須將形式賓語(yǔ)it放在賓語(yǔ)的位置上,而將不定式短語(yǔ)(真正的賓語(yǔ))放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。例如: I find it useful to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很有用。 We thought it wrong not to tell her.我們認(rèn)為不告訴她是錯(cuò)誤的。六、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式用法的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意以下三種情況:1.作動(dòng)詞ask, like, tell等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不可以省略。例如: He asked me

25、 to talk about English study.他請(qǐng)我談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。 2.作使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make以及感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, see, watch等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要省略。例如: The teacher made him say the word like this.老師讓他像這樣說(shuō)這個(gè)單詞。 3.作動(dòng)詞help的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to可以帶,也可以不帶。例如: Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能幫我搬這個(gè)重箱子嗎。七、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)具有副詞的特性,可在句中

26、用作狀語(yǔ)。1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下來(lái)休息。 2.跟在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞的后面。例如: I'm sorry to hear that.聽(tīng)到這事我感到很難過(guò)。 3.用在too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如: He is too young to understand all that.他太年輕了,不能理解這件事?！灸M試題】:  一. 選擇填空：    1. He asked me _ here earlier.    A. come 

27、;        B. to come             C. coming             D. came    2. Please tell him _ on the wall.    A. dont draw&

28、#160;     B. to not draw       C. not to draw         D. not draw    3. He wanted _ a cup of tea.    A. to have          

29、;    B. having        C. have          D. had    4. Id like _ a word with you.    A. had            B. having  

30、;      C. to have              D. have    5. I came here _ my uncle.    A. saw           B. to see     &#

31、160;   C. seeing        D. to be seen    6. The man refused （拒絕）_ back his words.    A. to take              B. taking       

32、  C. took           D. takes    7. I can let you _ one ticket.    A. to have              B. have         

33、;  C. having        D. had    8. We often heard him _ in his room.    A. to sing              B. sings          C. sang&

34、#160;         D. sing    9. He was made _ day and night.    A. work         B. working            C. to work    

35、60;        D. worked    10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing.    A. having        B. to have              C. have   

36、       D. had    11. My father was too angry _ a word.    A. to say        B. not to say          C. to saying      D. didnt say&#

37、160;   12. My brother was old enough _ to school.    A. went          B. goes           C. going         D. to go    13. It i

38、s time _ him _ supper.    A. of, to have      B. for, to have      C. of, having        D. for, to has    14. Its very kind _ you _ me.    A. of, to help &

39、#160;     B. for, to help       C. of, help          D. of, helping    15. Its important _ our classroom clean every day.    A. kept      &#

40、160;    B. to keep              C. to give            D. keep    16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _ to school. A. went   &#

41、160;      B. go              C. to go          D. to be gone    17. He said he had an important meeting _.    A. attend  

42、0;     B. would attend         C. attending         D. to attend    18. Please give me a piece of paper _.    A. to write       &#

43、160;    B. to write on         C. writing            D. to write it    19. I dont know _.    A. what do        

44、0; B. what will do         C. what to do      D. do what    20. Your radio needs _.    A. to be repaired     B. to repair        C

45、. repaired          D. to repairing    21. My wish is _ a teacher.    A. becoming          B. to become       C. become    &#

46、160;   D. became    22. I want _ him a letter now.    A. to write             B. not write           C. write       

47、;   D. wrote    23. It took us three days _ the trees.    A. plant          B. planted            C. to plant        

48、60; D. plants    24. Why not _ here _ me?    A. to come, to see   B. come, to see   C. came, seeing   D. come, see    25. He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English.    A. to do, to work  

49、;  B. doing, working    C. to do, working   D. do, work    26. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her.    A. where to find, telling         B. where to find, to tell  &#

50、160; C. where can find, to tell        D. where finding, telling    27. How happy they are _ each other again!    A. to see         B. see        

51、0;C. saw           D. being seen    28. They decided （決心）_ a letter _ their thanks.    A. to write, expressing（表達(dá)） B. writing, express    C. write, expressed D. to write, to express    29. T

52、he officer ordered （命令）him _ down _ a rest. A. lying, have   B. to lie, to have    C. to lie, having    D. lie, had    30. The headmaster called on （號(hào)召）us _ hard for our country. A. to work       

53、;  B. worked         C. work       D. to working2. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.       He was too angry _ _ anything.  

54、0; 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.       I dont know when _ _ the meeting.    3. He said he would write a letter.       He said he would have a letter _ _.    4. That you read English in the morning is

55、 very important.       It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.    5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭）       He was strong _ _ _ the stone.    6. His father went to Beijing for

56、his holiday.       His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.    7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.       They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time.    8. His brother decided that he would buy

57、 the book.       His brother decided _ _ the book.    9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.       He hopes _ _ the Great Wall.    10.I saw him go into the room.       He was seen _ _

58、 into the room.    11.We made him work five hours a day.       He was made _ _ five hours a day.    12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?       Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?    13

59、.We dont know what we shall do next.       We dont know what _ _ next.    14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news.       Im very sorry _ _ the bad news.    15.He stopped and had a look at me.   

60、    He stopped _ _ a look at me.    16.I helped him with his English.       I helped him _ _ English.    17.My father promised （許諾）that he would buy me a bike.       My father promised _ _ me a b

61、ike.    18.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.       The box is too heavy _ me _ _.    19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.       The boy ordered his dog _ _ down.    20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said to me.