專題01利用首句信息進行判斷-2021年高考英語完形填空精講精練

1、2021年高考英語完形填空精講精練 利用首句信息進行判斷完形填空一般無標題，首句一般不設空，往往是全文的關鍵句，或者稱為主 導句，通常起著開啟、概括或貫穿全文的作用。記敘文首句往往介紹事件發(fā)生的 時潤、地點、人物或起因等細節(jié)信息，說明文和議論文般通過文章首句點明全文 的主題。仔細分析文章的首句，往往維獲取許多解題信息，從而節(jié)省考生的做題 時間。1.利用首句可以幫助我們判斷文章的體裁，捕捉文章的要素，預測文章的發(fā)展。若首句交代了 when, where, who, what,即四個W,那么就是記敘文，很 可能就是一個故事，為了測試語篇的理解能力，出題者特別注意選材的趣味性， 其結(jié)尾往往出人意料，

2、耐人尋味;若首句是提出或解釋說明某事物，一般來說是說 明文;若首句提出一個論點，那么就是議論文。典例Recently, a man showed up at Denny's restaurant in Utah with a special request. And as it turned out, the reason behind his particular 41 is a proof that kindness makes all things work together forever! The man asked if he could be 42 (served) by

3、 a waitress who was a single mother. Though it seemed a bit strange, the restaurant owner was 43 to meet his request and seated him in the service section belonging to a 44 (waitress) named Crystal.41.A.demand B. identityC. surveyD. power4 3. A. happyB. unfortunateC. confidentD. unwilling“ Recently,

4、 a man showed up at Denny*s restaurant in Utah with a special request ”作為首段首句，包含著兩個關鍵詞" restaurant”和 “request"。"restaurant”表明故事發(fā)生的地點，” request”是推動文章情節(jié) 發(fā)展的主要因素。第41題的答案demand照應request,為同義復現(xiàn)；第 43題在餐廳”的背景下，餐廳老板雖感到奇怪但仍“高興地”滿足他的要求 并讓其坐在Crystal的服務區(qū)域內(nèi)。答案:41.A 43.A精煉必（一）Sometimes, we have diff

5、iculty in understanding others' view about the world. 1, I heard a funny story about 2 the other day.A( n) 3 named John was known for his 4 view about the role of the teacher. One of the other lecturers arrived at work on thatmorning and 5 the main lecture theatre on the way to his class. He 6 t

6、o glance in and saw John giving a lecture in the room, John was gesturing 7 and eagerly writing on the board. But when the other lecturer looked around the theatre, it was totally 8. He wasa little concerned about John's sanity(神志),9 he decided to talkabout the 10 gently at morning tea later on.

7、“John,“ he said , MI saw you teaching in the lecture theatre this morning. But I noticed there didn't seem to be any students.H“Yes, thafs right. 11 turned up, John replied with a smile.“But you were 12 teaching,“ the other man said, waiting forsome 13 Sure enough/* John replied, “Well, they 14

8、me to teach, and that' s what I was doing!"It was at this moment/1 the other lecturer told me, “That I realized teaching and 15 are two separate things. ”People's attitude to the whole world are P6 . That's where metaprograms （元程序）come in. When we 17 people around, well also notice

9、that some people are different in the same way. These same differences are metaprograms, and I think they are very useful for all types of 18 . When we are trying to communicate, we are toying to 19 communication channels and take part in communication, not necessarily trying to 20 others or accept

10、another person's values.1. A. For example contrastB. In addition C. On purpose D . In2. A. drawingB. teaching C. huntingD. working3. A. author B. beginner C. actorD. lecturer4. A. strong B. contrary C. funnyD. wrong5. A. came in B. searched forC. passed by D. lookedaround6. A. managedB. pretende

11、d C. wished D. happened7. A. bravely B. enthusiasticallyC casually D. quietly8. A. commonB. emptyC. new D> clean9. A. butB.C. soDe for10.A.standardB. accidentC.voice D. matter11.A.All B.No oneC.SomeoneD.Anybody else12.A.still B .neverC.alwaysD.ever13.A.silence B .explanationC.facts D gifts14.A.in

12、spireB. permitC.payD. force15.A.answeringB.searchingobserving16.A.17.A.18.A.19.A.20.A.D. learningclear B rightlook at B wait forequipmentD. wordsrememberpersuadeC.C.B.differentbelieve inD. importantD call oncommunication CB. closeB. concernC.C.cultureschange D appreciateopenD. forget（二）over to stay

13、tomorrow“Mum, can I invite my classmate BrettCan I,night, please? It's Friday, and we don t have any 1 please?” Mum was sitting at the kitchen table. Dad was 2 next to her, resting his head on his arms. Mum could 3 that James wanted so badly to have his friend over.Tm so sorry, James J she said.

14、"I'm never allowed to have friends come to the house? Why, Mum?” James asked sadly, almost in 4.“1 know it's 5 for you/ Mum said softly. MBut I'm just worried other people might think we're a little. . . strange. And then they would make fun of you. M"No, they wouldnt, Mum,

15、" James protested. "We're not 6 at all. We're just ordinary people. HMum sighed heavily. MTo tell you the truth, James, my neck has been so painful that it's given me a heavy 7. And your poor father 一 he doesn't feel 8. He really needs a rest. Mcan help, Mum!” James said. &

16、quot;9 I can make you and Dadfeel better, can Brett come over? Please?M"Well. . . " Mum began.“Great! Thanks, Mum!” James almost shouted. "Just sit there, don't move. H He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and 10 what he needed 一 two spanners（扳手）. "Hang on, Mum," he said

17、. "This won't take a second. M After some 11, James was finished. Witha smile of 12 on his face he said, "There! How does that feel?" "Oh, James," Mum said. "That's much better! How did you do it?"“Easy," James said E3 . "Dad had tightened your ne

18、ck bolts（螺栓）too much! I just 14 them slightly! I learned that in robotic science at school.“What about your father? Can you 15 him?” asked Mum.pril try,“ James replied. He 16 up Dad's hair at the back of hisneck, and plugged the electric wire into Dad's head. Then he turned the 17 on. Dad op

19、ened his eyes and 18 immediately, “He just let his 19 run too low, that's all," James said. "Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?Hguess so,” replied Mum. HYour friends will just have to 20that we are a very unusual family1. A.chanceB.messageC.2. A.asleepB.rea

20、dingC.3. A.explainB.seeC.4. A.terrorB.tearsC.5. A.fairB.easyC.6. A. strange B.normalC.7. A. headacheB.8. A.illB.funnyC.9. A.AsB.IfC.10. A. kept B.controlledC.11. A. requestsB.D. instructions12. A. sympathyB.homeworkD. difficultyaloneD. standingagreeD. doubtsurpriseD. silencegoodD. hardpopularD. anxi

21、ouslossC. task D.daysorryD. wellSinceD. BeforefoundD. returnedthoughtsC.repairssatisfaction CbitternessThanks, son!”D. politenessimpatiently13. A. embarrassedly B gratefullyD. proudly14. A. adjustedB. collectedCproducedD. covered15. A. greet B. accompanyC. helpD. ask16. A. lifted B. caught C. gaveD.

22、 filled17- A. televisionB. powerC. light D. gas18> A. grew upB. lay downC broke down D sat up19. A. food B. temperatureC. battery D. blood20. A. prove B. expectC. suspectD accept（一）【答案】1-5 ABD AC 6-10. DBBCD 11-15. BABCD 16-20. C ABDA【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章通過一位講師對著沒有人的大廳上課的故事，告訴我們?nèi)?們對整個世界的態(tài)度是不同的。這就是元程序的用武

23、之地。當我們試圖溝通的時 候，我們是在試圖打開溝通的渠道，參與到溝通中來，而不是試圖說服他人或接 受他人的價值觀。1 .考查介詞短語辨析。句意：例如，有一天我聽到一個關于教學的有趣故事。A. For example 例如；B. In addition 此外；C. On purpose 故意；D. In contrast與此相反。根據(jù)下文的故事是在給上文“Sometimes, we have difficulty in understanding others9 view about the world,有時候，我們很 難理解別人對世界的看法?！迸e出一個例子。故選A。2 .考查動詞詞義辨析。句意

24、：例如，有一天我聽到一個關于教學的有趣故事。A. drawing 畫；B. teaching 教；C. hunting 打猾；D. working 工作。根據(jù) 下文about the role of the teacher可知是一個關于教學的故事。故選B。3 .考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一位名叫約翰的講師以他對教師角色的強烈觀點 而聞名。A. author 作者；B. beginnei初學者；C. actor演員；D. lecturer 講師。根據(jù)下文John giving a lecture in the room可知約翰是一個講師。故 選D。4 .考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一位名叫約翰的講師

25、以他對教師角色的強烈觀點而聞名。A. strong強烈的；B. contrary相反的；C. funny有趣的；D. wrong錯誤的。根據(jù)句意可知選A。5 .考查動詞短語辨析。句意：另一位老師在那天早上上班，在去上課的路上經(jīng)講廳。A came in 進來;B. searched for 搜索;C passed by 經(jīng)過;D. looked around 環(huán)顧四周。根據(jù)下文 the main lecture theatre on the way to his class可知是經(jīng)過主講廳。故選Co6 .考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他碰巧往里瞥了一眼，看見約翰正在房間里講課。A. managed 管

26、理；B. pretended 假裝；C. wished 希里；D. happened 發(fā)生。 固定短語happen to "偶然發(fā)生；碰巧”。故選D .7 .考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：約翰熱情而熱切地在黑板上做著手勢。A. bravely 勇敢地；B. enthusiastically 熱情地；C. casually 隨便地；D. quietly 安靜地。 根據(jù)下文and eagerly可知約翰非常熱情地做手勢。故選B。8 .考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但當另一位演講者環(huán)顧劇院時，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)里面空無一人。A. common共同的；B.empty空的；C.new新的；D.clean干凈的。根據(jù)

27、下文 But I noticed there didn't seem to be any students 可知大廳里沒 有人，是空的。故選B。9 .考查連詞辨析。句意：他有點擔心約翰的神志不清，所以決定晚些時候在早茶時溫和地談論這件事。A. but但是；B.?；蛘?；C. so因此；D. for為了。根據(jù)句意可知前后為因果關系，故選C。10 .考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他有點擔心約翰的神志不清，所以決定晚些時候在早茶時溫和地談論這件事。A. standard標準；B. accident事故；C. voice聲音；D. matter事件。此處特指他看到約翰對著沒有人的大廳發(fā)表演講的事件。

28、W&Do11 .考查代詞辨析。句意：“是的，沒錯。沒有人來，約翰笑著回答。A. All所 有人;B. No one沒有人;C. Someone某人;D. Anybody else別人。根據(jù)上 文Yes, that's right.可知約翰承認了另一位講師的話,沒有人來聽演講。故選B。12 .考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但是你仍然在上課。A. still仍然；B.never從 不；C. always總是；Dever曾經(jīng)。根據(jù)上文可知沒有人但是約翰還是在講課。13 .考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另一個人說，等著聽他解釋。A. silence沉默； B. explanation解釋；C. f

29、acts事實；D. gifts禮物。另一個人不明白約翰的做 法，因此等到解釋。故選B。14 .考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：約翰回答說：“他們付錢讓我教書，我就是這么 做的!” A. inspire鼓舞；B. permit允許；C.pay支付；付錢；D.force迫使。 根據(jù)句意可知選C。15 .考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“就是在這個時候，”另一位老師告訴我，“我 意識到教學和學習是兩碼事。" A. answering回答；B. searching搜索；C. observing觀察；D.learning學習。教書對應的是學習。故選D。16 .考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：人們對整個世界的態(tài)度是不

30、同的。A. clear 清楚的；B.right正確的；C.different不同的；D. important重要的。根據(jù)下 文some people are different in the same way可知人們對世界的態(tài)度不同。故選C。17 .考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當我們觀察周圍的人時，我們也會注意到有些人 在相同的方面是不同的。A. look at看著；B. wait for等待；C. beHeve in相 信；D.call on號召。根據(jù)下文people around可知是看著周圍的人們。故選A。18 .考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些相同的差異就是元程序，我認為它們對所有 類型的通信

31、都非常有用。A. equipment設備；B. communication溝通；C. cultures 文化；D. words 話語。根據(jù)下文 we are trying to communicate 可 知是溝通，通信。故選B。19 .考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我們試圖溝通的時候，我們是在試圖打開溝通的渠道，參與到溝通中來，而不是試圖說服他人或接受他人的價值觀。A.remember記??；B. close關上；C. change 改變；D. open打開。根據(jù)下文take part in communication可知是打開溝通的渠道。故選D。20 .考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我們試圖溝通的時

32、候，我們是在試圖打開溝通的渠道，參與到溝通中來，而不是試圖說服他人或接受他人的價值觀。A.persuade 說服；B. concern 關心；C. appreciate 欣賞；D. forget 忘記。根據(jù)下文others or accept another person's values可知是試圖說服他人或接受他人的價值觀。故選A。（二）【答案】1-5. CABBD 6-10. AADBC 11-15. CBDAC 16-20. ABDCD這是一篇記敘文。詹姆斯懇求他媽媽讓他的朋友Brett周六到他們家玩。媽媽說 他們的家與別人的不同，爸媽是機器人并且身體都不好。為了能夠獲得媽媽的同

33、 意，詹姆斯運用在學校里學到的機器人知識對他的爸媽進行了 “修理” o最終，詹姆斯得到了媽媽的同意。1.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今天是星期五，我們沒有任何家庭作業(yè)。A. chance 機會；B. message信息；C.homework家庭作業(yè)；D.difficulty困難。根據(jù) It' s Friday今天是周五，沒有家庭作業(yè)，所以選C。2.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：爸爸正在頭枕在他的手臂上睡覺A. asleep入睡；B. reading 讀；C. alone 獨自；D. standing 忍受。根據(jù) resting his head on his arms可知爸爸正在頭枕在他的手臂上

34、睡覺，所以爸爸正在睡覺，所以選A。3.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：媽媽可以看出詹姆斯很迫切想讓他的朋友過來。A.explain解釋；B. see看；C . agree同意；D .doubt懷疑。根據(jù)上文詹姆斯的Can I, please?的語氣，媽媽可以看出詹姆斯很迫切想讓他的朋友過來，所以選Bo4.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他很傷心,幾乎都哭了。A. terror害怕；B. tears眼淚；C. surprise 驚喜；D. silence 沉默。根據(jù)上文 I' m so sorry, James媽媽拒絕了詹姆斯的請求，所以他很傷心,幾乎都哭了，所以選B。5.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這對

35、你來說比較難。A. fair公平的；B.easy容易的；C.good好的；D.hard艱難的。媽媽拒絕了詹姆斯的請求，所以對于詹姆 斯來說很難做出決定。所以選D。6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們根本不奇怪。A. strange奇怪的；B. normal正常的；C. popular流行的；D. anxious焦急的。根據(jù)上文But I' m just worried other people might think we' re a little. strange.可知，詹姆斯說他們根本不奇怪。選A。7.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：說實話，詹姆斯，我的脖子疼得厲害，導致頭也瘩的 厲

36、害。A. headache 頭痛;B. loss 失去;C. task 任務;D. day 天。根據(jù) my neck has been so painful可知媽媽的脖子疼以至于引發(fā)了頭疼，所以選A。8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：爸爸也不舒服，他真的需要休息了。A. ill生病的;B.funny有趣的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.well好的。根據(jù)下文詹姆斯對他爸爸也 進行了 “修理”可知爸爸也感覺不舒服，所以選D。9.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我能讓你和爸爸感覺好點，能讓Brett來嗎？ A. as 因為；B. if如果；C. since自從；D. before之前。分析句意可知，本句為if

37、 引導的條件狀語從句。所以選B。10.兩把扳手?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意：他沖進了廚房找到了他需要的東西A .kept 保持；B .controlled 控制；C. found 找到；D. returned 回來。根據(jù) what he neededtwo spanners（扳手）可知他沖進了廚房找到了他需要的東西兩把扳手，所以選C。11.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一番修理以后，詹姆斯結(jié)束了，根據(jù)下文可知，唐 姆斯對媽媽進行了 “修理” o A. requests需要；B. thoughts想法；C. repairs 修理；D.instructions說明。根據(jù)James was finished在一番修理以后，詹 姆斯結(jié)束了。所以選C。12.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：干完了活，詹姆斯帶有滿意的表情，感覺怎么樣？ A.sympathy 同情；B. satisfaction 滿意；C. bittern