賓語從句講解及練習上課講義

1、賓語從句（The Object Clause ）學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。一. 賓語從句的定義賓語從句在復合句中起賓語的作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以做介詞的賓語 作動詞的賓語：I heard that he would come here later on.主語謂語動詞一個句子作賓語作介詞的賓語：He said nothing about who broke the window last ni ght.主語謂語動詞代詞作動詞的賓語介詞一個句子作介詞的賓語二. 賓語從句中引導詞（連接詞）的用法在復合句中作主句的賓語，引導詞有：連詞:that （that ?？墒÷裕?whe

2、ther, if代詞:who, whose, what ,which畐y詞:when ,where, how, why 等。 連詞：He told me （that he would） go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學.I don ' t knowf there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試that引導的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say,

3、 think, in sist, wish, hope, dema nd, imagi ne, won der, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, expla in, order, comma nd, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, no tice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other pla

4、 nets.Attention :賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。I don ' t think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的謂語動詞是thin k,believe,imagi ne,suppose,c on sider,expect,fa ncy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致I don ' t belie

5、ve that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的，是不是？I expect our En glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, won't she/he?We suppose you have fini shed the project, have n't you?如果賓語從句中有某個 含有否定意義的形容詞 或副詞(不包 含帶有否定 前綴的詞，如：unhappy， unfair， dislike等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式We find that he n ever liste n

6、s to the teacher carefully, does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細聽老師講課，是不是？當主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she n eeds no help, does n't she?You thought they could have completed the project, did n't you?They don't believe she's an engin eer, do they?She does n't expect that we ar

7、e coming so soon, does she?練習題(1) . I don ' t think he is right,?A . isn ' t he Bis he C. do I D . don ' t I(2) . He believes she is right,?A . doesn ' t he. Bdoes he C. is she D. isn ' t she(3) .1 thought that he disliked playi ng football,?A . didn ' t he Bdid he C. did I D

8、 . didn ' t I(4) . I findimporta nt that we practice En glish every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5) . You can' t imaginewhen they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited在以下情況中that不能省略1、 當句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導

9、的賓語從句時，第一個 that可省，但后面的that 不可省。I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get better .2、 當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、 當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。I can ' t

10、tell him that his mother died.4、當it作形式賓語時例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him .許多帶復合賓語的句子，that引導的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。5、 當賓語從句前置時That our team will win ， I believe .6、 當 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓 語時；由whether,if引導的賓語從句當由一般疑問句充當賓語從

11、句時，用if或whether引導，意為 是否”女口：I don't know if / whether he still lives here after so many years .我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下歹情況下只能用whether，不能用 if: 在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與 or not連用時，往往用 whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether /if he will come or not .(= Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道

12、他是否能來。I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not .(= I don't know whether or not he does any wash in g.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego .我不知道我們是去還是留。 在介詞之后用 whether。如：rm interested in whether he likes English .我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We're thinking about whether we can

13、 finish the work on time .我們正在考慮是否能按時完 成這項工作。 在不定式前用 whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man .他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。He has n't decided whether to go by bus or by train .他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火 車去。 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not , I can't say .這是否真的我說不上來。 引導主語從句和表語從句時

14、宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question .她是否能來還是個問題。 若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book .可理解為：b. If you like the book , please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我只能用 if不能用 whether 引導的賓語從句1、 if引導條件狀語從句，意為如果”The stude nts will go on a pic nic if it is sunny.2、if引

15、導否定概念的賓語從句時He asked if I didn' t come to school yesterday.3、 引導狀語從句even if (即使)和as if (好象)時He talks as if he has known all about it.連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是： see, say, tell, ask, an swer, know, decide, show, find out, imagi ne, suggest, doubt, wonder, disco

16、ver, understand, inform, advise 等。 連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what, whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么Have you determ ined whichever you should buy,a

17、Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎？ 連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔任狀語的成分。He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Could you please tell me how you use the new pan el?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到練習題(1)

18、 I don ' t knowor not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depe nds onthe weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I don ' t know Mr.

19、 Green will come to see us. He' ll help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Don' t break the bottles. Do you hear I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know Mr Black ' s address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Stree

20、t. I' m not sure of .A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don' t know .A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose三. 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞 +主語+謂語 +其他

21、成分。I don ' t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave?練習題(1) Did you find out ?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in ?A. how did he do i

22、t B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I don ' t know _. _C_a_n you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if into space by spaceship

23、 one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where(6) She asked Tom with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. w

24、hat was the matter D. what is the matter四. 賓語從句的時態(tài)時態(tài)：1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。 例句 ： The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、主句是過去時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句 ： She was sorry that she hadn 't finished her work on time.3、當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般 現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句 ： The teacher told his class that li

25、ght travels faster than sound.練習題(1) It ' s 7:30. I can' t believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. haven ' t started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be(3) The teacher said that the

26、earth round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We ' d like to tell you that you the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass(5) “ Could you tell me? ” “ Yes. They to the library.A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, hav

27、e gone D, where the twins were, have gone(6) Our father said that he a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys(7) I hear that he to Beijing yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone運用虛擬語氣的情況在表示建議 suggest 、 advise 、 propose; 要求 demand 、 desire 、 request ；決定 deci

28、de; 命令 order 、 command 、 require;堅決主張 insist;等動詞后跟賓語從句，用( should ) +v (虛擬語氣)Eg： I suggested that you ( should ) study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，虛擬 語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣的用法：1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：May you be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a

29、good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我們的友情天長地久。Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out ！ 你出去！2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中：動詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose, 等詞后面的賓語從 句表示的是一種虛擬語氣，賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種愿望、要求。如：I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一邊。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能幫助他。He ins

30、isted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。動詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose后面的從句中， "should" 可以省略。如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by th

31、emselves.他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中：在句型"It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that " 中， that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我們有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so.她這樣做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good car

32、e of the patient.重要的是我們要照顧好病人。4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中：虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結(jié)果的從句 中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時，動詞有三種時態(tài)形式，即現(xiàn)在、過去和將來。A 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的： If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動詞過去式 . if I (he,she) were. I (we) should + 動詞原形。 He (you,they) would + 動詞原形。B 與過去事實相反的： If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過去 分詞。 He (you

33、,they) would + have +過去分詞。If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就買了它。If I had time, I would study French.如果我有時間，我會學習法語的。If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我?guī)兔Φ?。If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.如果你早一點起床，就會趕上火車的。If it were fine tomorrow,I would go

34、 shopping. 如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。 明白了虛擬語氣的用法就會明白什么時候需要用虛擬語氣了， 在表示說話人的一種愿望， 假 設，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，或表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實時需要用虛擬語氣。簡化賓語從句的方法方法一 ：當主句謂語動詞是 hope， decide， wish ， choose， agree， promise 等，且 賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided t

35、hat we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二 ：當主句謂語動詞是 know， learn， remember， forget， tell 等動詞，且主句 主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open thewindow.注：當主句謂語動詞是 tell ， ask， show， teach 等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和 間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式

36、”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ? Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：當主句的謂語動詞是order （命令），require （需要）等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四 ：某些動詞后的賓語從句， 可以用介詞加動名

37、詞 （短語） 等其他形式簡化。 例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn'tknow when and where he was born. The poor boy doesn' t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五 ：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語 +V-ing 形式（作賓語補足語）”結(jié) 構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet l

38、ying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進行 適當?shù)淖兓＠纾篒t seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化，如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.f I found it difficult to lear n En glish well.S

39、oon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.f Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. f They found the box very heavy.賓語從句練習1()1 The girls asked if theysome food and drink with them.A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take()2 Cathe

40、ri ne said that sheto Guan gzhou.A. has n ever gone B. had n ever goneC. has n ever bee n D. had n ever bee n()3 The stude nts want to know whether theydictati on today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are()4 She asked Linda ifgo and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may()5 Linda s

41、aid the moonround the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled賓語從句練習2()1 Can you tell meyou were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that()2 I don't knowthey have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where()3 I hardly understand.he has told me.A. that B. what C. whi

42、ch D. who()4 She did n't knowback soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be()5 I don't knowhe still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.whe n()6 Do you knowthey liste ned to yesterday evening?A. what B whe n C why D how()7 He asked metold me the acci

43、de nt.A whom B which C who D whose賓語從句練習3()I.They don't knowtheir pare nts are.A that B what C why D which()2.Please tell mewhat last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister workC where your sister works D where your sister worked()3.She asked me if I knew.A. whose pen is it B

44、. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it()4. You must remember.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said()5 Did you know?A. who he was look ing after B. who was he look ing forC. who he is look ing for D. who he is look

45、ing after()6 Could you tell me?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing賓語從句練習41.1 don't knowhe will come tomorrow.he comes, I'lltell you .A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I don't

46、knowthe day after tomorrow.A. whe n does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether he'll come3. Could you tell methe radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he men ded D. what he men ded4. I want to know.A. whom is she look ing afterB. whom she is look ingC.

47、whom is she look ingD. whom she is look ing after5. Do you know wherenow?A. he lives B. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live6. Do you know what time?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the train leaves7.1 don't know. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players

48、are old C. the two players are how old8. The small children don't knowA. what is their stockings inC. where is their stockings in9. I can't understand A. what does Christmas mean C. what mean Christmas doesB. how old are the two playersD. how old the two players areB. what is in their stocki

49、ngsD. what in their stockingsB. what Christmas does meanD. what Christmas meansExercises: 用所給的單詞將下列句子連成一句1. What is her name? (I don ' t know)2. Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)3 What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)4 Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)5 When did

50、 the accident happen? (Please go and find out)6 What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)7 Whose box is it on the floor? (I' m not sure)8 How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)9 She is a teacher. (I hear)10 Does her aunt live in Paris? (I' m not sure)11 Is Mrs.

51、 Lee in the classroom? (I asked)12 Who will come to join us? (Do you know)13 My son is having a cold. (she said)14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I don' t know)選擇題1、Do you know how much hot water ?AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needsD did Mum need2、Can you tell me?Awhere he isB where is heChe

52、 is whereD what is he3、I didn't know howto London?Awould they goB are they going C they would goD they are going4、I want to know how long.Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been back D he has come back5、Do you know?Awhat the news areB what is the news C what the news isD what are the new

53、s6、He said he would help me with my maths if hefree.Awas B will be Cwould beD is7、He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.Agets Bis getting C will getD shall get8、Fathermusic when heyoungA. liked was B. liked is C. likes was D. likes is9、 I liked sportsI was young.A so much asB so much thatC very much whenD very much because10、 mother got home, I was tidying my room.A After B When C As soon as D Be