11句子成分語法點及練習(xí)

1、高中英語語法大全第 11章 句子成分組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、 補足語、獨立成分。1、主語主語是一個句子的主題。主語的位置陳述句中，一般在一句之首。They managed to rescue all the people in the flood.疑問句、倒裝句中，一般在助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和動詞之后。Up went the arrow into the air.Why do they move and burn more of the forest?Not only will help be given to people who are

2、disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.祈使句中，往往省略。Take this money and buy yourself some more books.(句首省略了 you)There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，在 be之后。Around the area of Aswanthere are a lot of important old temples , which date from about 1250 BC.2、謂語謂語在句子中說明主語的動作，主語具有的

3、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。(1)由簡單動詞構(gòu)成的謂語They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.(2)由動詞短語構(gòu)成的謂語Dr. Manette realized that the sister must have been very badly treated.3、表語表語說明主語的身份、特征、類別、狀態(tài)等情況，它位于連系動詞之后，與之構(gòu)成所謂的系 表結(jié)構(gòu)。表語的位置通常位于連系動詞之后，但下列情況下，置于連系動詞之前。為了強調(diào)表語。In the north isS

4、cotland, with its capitalEdinburgh.北面是蘇格蘭，首都是愛丁堡。由How/What引出的感嘆句中What a curious hotel it was!某些讓步狀語從句中Child as the boy was, he knew what was the right thing to do.“the+比較級-，the+比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中”。The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.英語你聽得越多, 就越容易聽懂。4、賓語賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語。賓語表示法名詞用作賓語。Bob asked all t

5、he airlines to fly the pop stars for free.代詞用作賓語。It picked it up in its mouth and carried it into the bushes.數(shù)詞用作賓語。Canadacovers six of the word's 24 time areas.名詞化的形容詞用作賓語。She''s always helping the poorer than herself.副詞用作賓語。Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased

6、.不定式用作賓語I just didn''t wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.動名詞作賓語或名詞化分詞（主要是過去分詞）作賓語When she had finished listening to the news, Mrs.Cousins turned off the radio.句子用作賓語I suggest that you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.直接賓語和間接賓語可具有這種雙賓語的及物動詞有：bring, fetch

7、, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass,pay, promise, read, refuse, show, sing, teach, tell, write, buy, find, get, make, envy, return, sell 等。I don''t envy you your job.5、補足語補足語是一種補足主語和賓語的意義的句子成分。用作補足語的有名詞、形容詞、 副詞、不定式（短語）、分詞（短語）、介詞短語等。He persuaded other people to provide money or to give hel

8、p.I think you''ll find these materials much better and much more suitable.The lion could still be seen in the bushes eating the meat.This song is thought to be most popular.6、定語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或物的狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、數(shù)量等。定語表示法It was the earliest research centre for agriculture.（形容詞用作定語）（代詞用作定語）They had brou

9、ght a picnic lunch with him.（名詞用作定語）I''m looking for another speaker who could give a talk.In 1911,she received a second Nobel Prize for her research, becoming the first person in the world to receive two Nobel prizes.（數(shù)詞用作定語）The way out lies in the development of education.（副詞用作定語）There are

10、 plenty of interesting places to visit.（不定式用作定語）Everybody was at his fighting post.（動名詞用作定語）By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.（分詞用作定語）I know a woman whose three sons are all soldiers.（句子用作定語 ）7.狀語狀語是指描述被描述對象的狀態(tài)，包括時

11、間狀語，地點狀語，方式狀語，伴隨狀語，讓步狀 語等。狀語表示法1 .副詞,如 carefully ,例句:he did his housework carefully2 .介詞短語,如 in the classroom ,例句 he did his homework carefully in the classroom3 .非謂語短語，如 seen from the top of the mountain , 或者 when facing difficulties , 例句 Seen from the top of the mountain , the houses beneath are v

12、ery smallWhen facing difficulties,w e should keep calm4 .從句，如時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句等例句 He will come back next week when the opening ceremony begins.He will come to the school where he spent his childhood.Although he failed in the exam ,he never gave up his goals.He failed in his exam because he

13、 gives up his goals halfway.練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many p

14、hotos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found jt_important to master English.14. Do you have anyth

15、ing else to say?15. To be honest: your pronunciation is not so_good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there , reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（一）、謂語（=）、賓語（）

16、：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights

17、 of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable

18、garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（一）、狀語（=）、補語（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest tim

19、e. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas

20、of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、選擇填空：()1.will leave for Beijing.A. Now ther

21、e the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now()2. The weather.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold ()3. The apple tasted.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet()4. He got up yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter()5. T

22、he actor at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded()6.were all very tired, but none of would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C We, ourD. We, we()7. He found the street much.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly()8.I think necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is

23、()9. The dog mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being looked D. was looked()10.I will never forget the day I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where練習(xí)二一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair

24、 in this room, isn' t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he

25、 said at the meeting is very important, isn' t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：I hope you are very well () . I'm fine, but tired () . Right now it is thesummer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on th

26、e farm () . August is the hottest monthhere () . It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn untildark. () Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors ()We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat

27、 ().We have a lot of machines on the farm () . Although the farm is large, my Dadhas only two men working for him () . But he employs more men for the harvest ().My brother takes care of the vegetable garden () . It doesn't often rain in thesummer here () . As a result, we have to water the vege

28、table garden () . Everyevening we pump water from a well () . It then runs along channels to different parts ofthe garden ().Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time () . These parties oftenmake us very happy () . We cook meat on an open fire outside () . It's great()! Ameri

29、cans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion () . Some of myfriends drink beer ().I don't, because I have to drive home after the partyIn your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States () . There are fivedifferent time areas in the States () . In my state we are fourteen

30、hours behind Beijingtime () . How many different time areas do you have in China () ? Well, I muststop and get some sleep () . Please give my best regards to your parents ().練習(xí)二三、選擇填空:ll be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so1. Give me one more minute2. It ' s the third time that John has be

31、en late,?D. hasn t it3.A. hasn t he B. isn t he C. isn t itjoyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an4. Let us pass,?A. shan t weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious,A. do IB. don t IC. is heD. isn t he6. You had better not smoke here,?A. will youB.

32、had youC. shall youD. have you7. Train as hard as you canyoull win the swimming competition.A. then8. butC. andD. or8. I ' m sorry to have to say this,you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room lastnight.A. andB. butC. soD. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and.A.

33、 Henry hasn ' t too Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither hasHenry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so11. - Do you feel like going outwould you rather have dinner at home?- I d like to go out. A. or

34、B. andC. butD. so12.- “is the temperature today?It s 38 degrees.A. WhichB. HowC. How hotD. How high13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?14.A. Yes, he isnB. No, he isnC. No, he isD. He isfriendlyto everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is she C. How, she isD. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early,she

35、felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet16. Mothera dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made17. He lay in bedread something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet18. - I ' d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.what you want and I can get it for

36、 you.A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell meD. If you tell me19. As he is strong,can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella. I had,ve lost it.21.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. sodown the radio the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning

37、B. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn22. I don t like chickenfish.-I don' tike chickenI like fish verymuch.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but23. Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- I d like to,m too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but24. Would you like a cup of coffeeshall we get down to business ri

38、ght away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived26. "Can' t you read? ” Mary said to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrilypointed27. She thought I was

39、 talking about her daughter, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD. while28.it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When leftB. Leaving29 . - Alice, you feed the bird today,?A. do youB. will you30 .him and then try to copy what he does.A. MindB. Glance atC. If you leaveD.

40、 LeaveBut I fed it yesterday.C. didn ' t you D. don ' t youC. Stare atD. Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對畫線部分提問）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month,?（完成反意疑問）4. You must be careful with your pronunciat

41、ion.（改為祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.（ 改為般疑問句 ）6. It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）7. This magazine comes out （出版） every other week.（對畫線部分提問）8. They could hardly believe his words,?（完成反意疑問）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）10.Our English teacher is always encouragi

42、ng us to speak English in class.（對畫線部分提問）練習(xí)一:一、1、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；3、謂語，狀語；4、定語；5、狀語，狀語；6、定語， 表語；7、賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；9、謂語；10、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；12、 狀語；13、形式賓語，真正賓語；14、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；16、賓語（間賓+直賓）；17、狀語，狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補； 19、賓補；20、表語二、略 三、略 四、15 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB 練習(xí)二：一、1、簡單句；2、復(fù)合句；3、簡單句；4、簡單句；5、并列句；6、復(fù)合句；7、并列句； 8、復(fù)

43、合句；9、簡單句；10、簡單句二、I hope you are very well （復(fù)合句）.I'm fine, but tired （簡單句）.Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm （并歹 U 句）.August is the hottest month here （簡 單句）.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. （并歹U 句） Som

44、etimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors （簡單句）.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列復(fù)合句）.Wehave a lot of machines on the farm （簡單句） .Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him （復(fù)合句）.But he employs more men for the harvest （簡單句）.My b