2015-2017年英語高考全國卷中的長難句(共4頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精挑細(xì)選2015-2017年全國卷中出現(xiàn)的長難句例準(zhǔn)確理解長難句是考生應(yīng)該掌握的一項(xiàng)閱讀技能。遇到長難句，我們先圈出連詞，然后分析主句以及分句的句子結(jié)構(gòu), 先判斷句子的主干部分(主謂賓, 或主系表), 而句子的修飾、補(bǔ)充成分, 可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再理解修飾、補(bǔ)充成分。以下是2015-2017年全國卷中出現(xiàn)的長難句，如果這些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)你都能理清，這些句子的意思你都能理解，高考英語閱讀理解就不再難了。1.(2017年全國1卷閱讀理解A篇)Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve

2、without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.句意：這是一個驚人的成就，一個沒有來自個人、公司和其他社會組織的慷慨的支持我們就不可能取得的成就。分析：本句為復(fù)合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面為定語從句，修飾先行詞one，且從句使用了cannot和without表示雙重否定。2.(2017年全國1卷閱讀理解D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in

3、the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole.句意：接著把管子放在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫沟霉茏拥囊欢艘恢狈旁诒永锊⑶夜茏拥钠溆嗖糠窒蛏涎由斓娇拥耐獠?。分析：本句為?fù)合句。主句lay the tube in place為祈使句；so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句是and連接的并列句。 3.(2017年全國1卷閱讀七選五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I w

4、ould have laughed heartily.句意：如果三年前有人告訴我會用大部分的周末時間來野營，我會狂笑不已。分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，因表示對與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以本句中條件句使用過去完成時。此外從句中包含了一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。4.(2017年全國1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.句意：我不知道我竟然會愛上美式手語。分析：此句為倒裝句，little為否定詞，當(dāng)否定詞位于句首時，句子要使用部分倒裝。5.(2017年全國1卷完形填空)What I saw wa

5、s completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.句意：我所看到的和我之前經(jīng)歷的完全不同。分析：此句中what 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，作句子的主語。此外，I had experienced in the past為定語從句，修飾先行詞anything。 6. (2017年全國1卷完形填空)Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. 句意：相反，如果有任何交談，那會導(dǎo)致我們學(xué)到較少的東西。 分析：本句為復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的

6、是虛擬條件句，表示對過去的虛擬，所以本句中條件狀語從句使用過去完成時there had been；主句使用“would have done”結(jié)構(gòu)。7.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between de

7、af and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.句意：通過把愛的徒勞那豐富、幽默的文本翻譯成手語，Deafinitely 劇院創(chuàng)造了一種對莎士比亞喜劇新的解釋，通過向失聰人群和聽力健全人群演出，旨在在失聰和有聲世界之間搭建一座橋梁。分析：在本句中，By translating . BSL為方式狀語，and連接creates和aims兩個動詞作并列謂語。8.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that

8、film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位語從句、讓步狀語從句）句意：拍電影和四年后出演The Sting的經(jīng)歷所建立起來的友誼源于一個事實(shí)：盡管我們存在年齡差距，但我們都源自戲劇和直播電視的傳統(tǒng)。分析：本句的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out

9、 of. later為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞friendship；后面的although there was . live TV為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，解釋說明fact的內(nèi)容。此外，同位語從句中還包含了一個although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 9.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解B篇)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一 he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wa

10、ll camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位語從句、條件狀語從句、定語從句）句意：我們有著這樣的信念如果足夠幸運(yùn)獲得成功，就應(yīng)該有所回饋。他成立了 Newmans Own食品公司和為病重的孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令營，而我成立了圣丹斯協(xié)會和電影節(jié)。分析：本句中，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明belief的內(nèi)容；同位語從句中包含了一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；破折號后出現(xiàn)了一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞k

11、id。 10.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet .句意：Terrafugia 說機(jī)主需要通過測試并且完成20個小時的飛行時間才能駕駛 Transition，這一要求對于飛行員來說相對容易滿足。分析：本句中 a requirement 為同位語，是

12、對前面的內(nèi)容作補(bǔ)充說明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定語從句，省略了充當(dāng)賓語的關(guān)系代詞that/which，修飾先行詞requirement。11.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解D篇) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (賓

13、語從句、非謂語動詞、定語從句)句意：早在1983年，杰克·舒爾茨和伊恩·鮑德溫兩個科學(xué)家報(bào)道說被昆蟲咬的年輕楓樹釋放會一種鄰近的植物能夠獲得的特殊氣味。分析：本句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作reported的賓語，從句中包含一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞smell。getting bitten by insects為現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，修飾maple trees。 12.(2017年全國卷閱讀七選五)If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person

14、 know youre busy so they can get the hint (暗示）that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.句意為：如果有人敲門，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就禮貌地謝絕，讓別人知道你很忙，這樣他們就會得到暗示，當(dāng)門關(guān)著的時候，你不想被打擾。分析：本句為if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。在主句中，youre busy是know的賓語從句；so引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在結(jié)果狀語從句中包含一個that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明hint的內(nèi)容。同時同位語從句又包含了一個when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，因此句子的主句為youre no

15、t to be disturbed.。 13.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（定語從句）句意：布拉德福德把建筑物和土地賣給了一家當(dāng)?shù)氐拈_發(fā)商，這家開發(fā)商打算在電影院所在的土地上建一個購物中心。分析：本句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a local development firm；此外，定語

16、從句中又包含一個where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。14.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. (非謂語動詞、賓語從句)句意：紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的智能運(yùn)

17、輸團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)把電動汽車轉(zhuǎn)變成名叫“DriveLAB”的移動實(shí)驗(yàn)室，目的是了解老年人司機(jī)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵的問題所在。15.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解D篇)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.句意：對于很多老年人來說，特別

18、是那些獨(dú)自居住在鄉(xiāng)間的老年人，駕駛對于保持他們（老年人）的獨(dú)立性是非常重要的，這也給了他們出行而不用依賴他人的自由。 16.(2017年全國卷閱讀理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔絕) and inactive.句意：研究表明，放棄駕駛是導(dǎo)致老年人健康狀況下降的主要原因之一，導(dǎo)致他們變得更加隔絕和懶散

19、。分析：that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，賓語從句中g(shù)iving up driving為動名詞短語作主語，leading to.作現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 17.(2017年全國卷完形填空) Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.句意：Axani 在他的帖中說：他并不是尋

20、求任何回報(bào)，使用這張多余機(jī)票的女士可以選擇與他一起旅行，或者拿走機(jī)票自己旅行。分析：本句中，thatand that是并列的兩個賓語從句，作wrote的賓語， who uses the extra ticket為定語從句，修飾先行詞the woman。18.(2016全國新課標(biāo)甲卷閱讀理解B篇) His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.分析：本句為復(fù)合句；that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，作meant的

21、賓語；在賓語從句中包含了由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系詞whose在從句中作定語，表示所屬關(guān)系。句意：他的出現(xiàn)意味著課堂上我有一個意料之外的教學(xué)助手，他的創(chuàng)造力會感染其他學(xué)生。19. (2016全國新課標(biāo)甲卷閱讀理解C篇) Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.分析：Then the person leaves it in a public

22、 place為句子的主干，hoping that.是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，在賓語從句中又包含了一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語traveling.作伴隨狀語；此外，在后一個伴隨狀語中還包含了一個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞reader。句意：然后，大家可以把它（書）留在一個公共場合，希望這本書經(jīng)歷一場冒險(xiǎn)，隨著每個發(fā)現(xiàn)它的新讀者來一場遙遠(yuǎn)廣闊的旅行。20.(2016全國新課標(biāo)甲卷閱讀理解D篇) Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the Sou

23、th Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.分析：Shackleton started a business.為句子主干，a onetime British merchant-navy officer為Shackleton的同位語，同時作定語從句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行詞，before his 1914 voyage 為時間狀語，to

24、 make.為不定式作目的狀語。句意：Shackleton，一個曾經(jīng)的英國上船船隊(duì)軍官，在1908年到達(dá)過距離南極點(diǎn)不足100英里的地方，在他1914年航海前開始做生意來從電影和攝影中賺錢。21.(2016全國新課標(biāo)甲卷閱讀理解D篇) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.分析：Frank Hurley was

25、hired.為句子主干，a confident and gifted Australian photographer為Frank Hurley的同位語，同時作定語從句who knew the Antarctic的先行詞，to make.為不定式短語作目的狀語，此外，還有一個which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句，修飾先行詞images。句意：Frank Hurley，一個自信的，有天賦的，對南極洲有了解的澳大利亞攝影師，被雇傭去拍照，其中大部分圖片以前從未被發(fā)表過。22.(2016全國新課標(biāo)甲卷閱讀七選五) It starts with looking inside yourself and unde

26、rstanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.分析：It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding為句子主干，在understanding后有who和how引導(dǎo)的兩個賓語從句。句意：它始于窺探自己的內(nèi)心，和明白就自然界而言你是誰，以及如何處理園藝工作流程。（with respect to“就而言，關(guān)于”）23.(2016全國新課標(biāo)甲卷完形填空) The woman sitting

27、 at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.分析：本句的主干為The woman jumped up，sitting at the desk為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，seeing my madness為原因狀語。句意：坐在桌子旁的她，看到了我瘋狂的舉動，同情地跳了起來。24.(2016全國新課標(biāo)甲卷完形填空)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, make sure its a relief from daily s

28、tress rather than another thing to worry about.分析：本句是由but連接的兩個并列分句，在后一個分句中含有一個whatever引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，主句是一個祈使句。句意：它可以是任何事園藝活、做飯、音樂或是運(yùn)動但是不管是什么事，一定要確保它是一件放松日常壓力而不是另外一件需要擔(dān)心的事情。25.(2016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解A篇) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.分析：本句為復(fù)合句，主句為the environmental

29、movement might not exist today，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。注意本句使用了虛擬語氣，表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。句意：如果不是Rachel Carson的話，今天的環(huán)保運(yùn)動就可能不會存在。26.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解B篇) Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.分析：本句為倒裝句，當(dāng)only+狀語位于句首，引起部分倒裝，句子可還原為“Ms Garza finally say yes only after a year of friendly discussion”。句

30、意：經(jīng)過一年友好的協(xié)商之后，Garza女士才最終同意。27.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解B篇) Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.分析：本句是由but連接的兩個并列分句，前一個分句and并列兩個謂語動詞表示順承關(guān)系，后一個分句中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式。句意：幾乎每個祖父母都想

31、和自己的孫子住在一起并愿意做出犧牲，但有時拒絕而取而代之以經(jīng)常探訪更為明智。28.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解C篇) For this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.分析：本句為復(fù)合句，前一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在賓語從句中包含了一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞something。句意：對于這個遞送的工作，你意識到在那個箱子里放的很可能是挽救別人生命的東西。29.(2

32、016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解D篇) Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.分析：本句的主句為Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，在時間狀語從句中，their pat

33、ients may be experiencing為定語從句，修飾先行詞anxiety。句意：當(dāng)護(hù)士和其他看護(hù)者遇到的病人可能經(jīng)歷個人焦慮時，他們需要知道沉默的可能含義。30.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解D篇) Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before contin

34、uing.分析：本句中when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句；what may be implied為主語從句，that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在表語從句中，包含了一個what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作consider的賓語。句意：因此，當(dāng)一個來自其中某個文化群體的人在說話的時候突然停住時，可能是在暗示講話者希望聽眾在繼續(xù)（講下去）之前思考一下剛才所講的內(nèi)容。31.(2016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷完形填空) Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.分析：本句中現(xiàn)在分詞短語Approachin

35、g the vehicle作狀語，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作saw的賓語，broken為過去分詞作定語。句意：他們走進(jìn)這輛車，看到一位婦女試圖從破了的車窗爬出來。32.(2016全國新課標(biāo)乙卷語法填空) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation i

36、n the wild.分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句，其中when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾the mid-1980s，過去分詞短語permitted作定語修飾reporter。句意：但我和熊貓的聯(lián)系可以追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代中期的一檔電視節(jié)目中，我是第一個被允許拍攝野外營救挨餓的熊貓影片的西方電視臺記者。33.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)丙卷閱讀理解C篇) To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quit

37、e an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 分析：本句的主句是it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式；此外，To people who are used to the limited choice of apples s

38、uch as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets為狀語，狀語中包含了who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people；本句最后還有一個which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞Decio。句意：對于習(xí)慣于在超市賣的黃金美味和皇家嘎啦這種有限蘋果種類選擇的人來說，看到仍舊存留的傳統(tǒng)蘋果是很長見識的，比如羅馬人種植的Decio。34.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)丙卷閱讀理解D篇) Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negat

39、ive feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.分析：本句為復(fù)合句，三個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句對articles進(jìn)行解釋說明。句意：讀者們也喜歡分享讓他們感到興奮或有趣的文章，或者是引發(fā)憤怒或焦慮的消極感受的文章，而不是僅僅讓他們感到悲傷的文章。35.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)丙卷閱讀七選五) When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you

40、dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.分析：本句為復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主句中還包含了if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)你買完魚回家后，如果不立即烹飪你最好把魚放在冰箱里保存，但新鮮的魚只能在冰箱保存一到兩天。36.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)丙卷完形填空)We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was

41、 to blame for Miller s accident.分析：本句是由but連接的兩個并列分句，在后一個分句中包含了一個in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：我們是以10比1贏得比賽并且我被評為最有價值的球員，但我經(jīng)常做瘋狂的夢，在夢中我因?yàn)镸iller的事故而受責(zé)備。37.( 2016全國新課標(biāo)丙卷語法填空) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopstick

42、s.分析：本句的主干為Some people think that Confucius influenced the development of chopsticks，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在賓語從句中包含了一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞Confucius。句意：一些人認(rèn)為這位生活在公元前約551-479年的中國偉大學(xué)者孔子影響了筷子的發(fā)展。38.(2015全國新課標(biāo)閱讀理解B篇) Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove F

43、arm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night.分析：as引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，從句用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表語前置；when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句；在時間狀語從句中包含了由where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞restaurant。句意：眼前的西紅柿令我欣喜不已，當(dāng)我聽說布朗的格魯夫農(nóng)場是杰克達(dá)斯蒂餐廳的供應(yīng)商之一時，我更

44、加高興了。杰克達(dá)斯蒂餐廳是薩拉索塔麗思卡爾頓酒店新開張的一家餐廳我感到很幸運(yùn)那天晚上我計(jì)劃去那吃晚飯。39. (2015全國新課標(biāo)閱讀理解C篇)The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.分析： The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration為句子的主干，bringing together .是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾an exhibition。句意：巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200多幅油畫、雕塑和素描等作品，以此表達(dá)對這位藝術(shù)家及其偉大人格的尊敬和欽佩。40.(2015全國新課標(biāo)閱讀理解D篇) If life werent a batt