小學英語語法大全整理

1、Contents第一章名詞1 .名詞的數2 .名詞的格第二章代詞1 .人稱代詞2 .物主代詞第三章冠詞與數詞1 .冠詞2 .數詞第四章一般現在時態(tài)第五章現在進行時態(tài)第六章句型1. 陳述句2. 疑問句3. 祈使句4. There be 句型與 have has第七章總結考試第一章名詞 （Noun）名詞的概念在生活中，我們會接觸到各種各樣的人和事物，用來表示這些人或事物名稱的詞就是名詞。一、名詞的數名詞的數指名詞的單數和復數形式?？蓴得~表示“一個”時用單數，“兩個以上”時用復數；不可數名詞表示量時，通常用"數詞 +單位+of+物質名詞”的形式，如 a piece of bread （一

2、片面包）,變?yōu)?復數時，只須將單位名詞變?yōu)閺蛿担纾簍wo pieces of bread（兩片面包）。*名詞復數的構成法則1 .?s.shop - shops （商店）bag - bags （書包）window - windows （ 窗戶）2 .以s, x, sh, ch結尾的單詞在詞尾加 class - classes （班級）box - boxes （盒子）match - matches （比賽）brush - brushes （刷子）詞尾讀音在清輔音后讀 s 在濁輔音后讀 z 在元音后讀z e$詞尾讀音iz 3 .以“輔音字母+y”story - stories （故事）4 .以“元

3、音字母+y”key - keysmonkey - monkeys5 .以 O”結尾的名詞，結尾的詞,變y為i加詞尾讀音iz 結尾的詞，在詞尾直接加 詞尾讀音z 復數一般在詞尾加“es.但個別加estomato - tomatoes_（西紅柿）詞尾讀音potato - potatoes_（ 土豆）zoo - zoos （動物園）photo - photos （照片）* （以o"結尾，復數加es”）口訣：黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）,左手拿著西紅柿（tomato）,右手拿著破土豆（potato）,頭頂一個大芒果（mango）。6.以f或fe結尾的詞，多數變leaf - leaves

4、 （樹葉）knife - knives （ 小刀）* （以f或fe結尾的單詞，需把f 或 fe 為 ves.詞尾讀音vz f或fe變ves的單詞）口訣:妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下（ shelf）保己命, 半（half）片樹葉（leaf）遮目光。* （以f或fe結尾的單詞，直接加電”的單詞）口訣：長頸鹿（giraffe）站在屋檐（roof）下，左手拿著手絹（handkerchief）,右手拿著高爾夫球（golf）。tooth -teeth （牙齒） mouse - mice（老鼠）woman - women （ 女人）例：roof

5、 - roofs （ 屋頂）7 .不規(guī)則名詞復數的變化man - men （男人） child - children （兒童） foot - feet （腳）8 .名詞單復數形式一樣sheep - sheep （綿羊）English - English （英國人）* （不規(guī)則名詞變復數）口訣：deer - deer （鹿）Chinese - Chinese （中國人）男人，女人a變e；鵝，足，牙齒oo變ee；其實老鼠也好記 ous變ic ；孩子加上ren,魚鹿綿羊不用記。二、名詞所有格的構成法1 .主要是在詞尾加s構成。如：This is Tom 's desk .這是湯姆的書桌。Th

6、at is Mike 's book, 那是邁克的書。2 .如果原名詞已經有復數詞尾s，則僅加一個,如：the teachers' reading room 教師閱覽室the pupils ' pencil-boxes學生們的文具盒3 .如果原詞是復數形式，但不是以 s結尾，變?yōu)樗懈裥问叫柙诤竺婕由蟬。如：the children 's palace少年宮men's room男廁所*名詞所有格口訣：名詞所有格，s前面加一撇，復數s放在尾，后加一撇就完結，兩人共有算一個，后面只加一個撇。名詞練習題寫出下列名詞的復數形式1 .computer 2.appl

7、e 3.city4.house 5.sheep 6.watch7.tomato 8.child 9.tooth10 .foot ll.wife 12.potato13 .play 14.day 15.glass16 .radio 17.zoo 18. life19. story 20.leaf 21. baby22.dress 23.butterfly 24.deer25.class 26.brush 27.key28. English 29.mouse 30.man二、漢譯英1. Tom的足球 2.老師們的自行車3 .學生們的課桌 4,哥哥的文具盒5 .姑姑的卡片 6.猴子們的香蕉7.螞蟻們

8、的早餐 8.媽媽的包9.姐姐的連衣裙 10女孩們的蘋果三、把下列句子翻譯成英文1. 這些 是 Peter的籃球嗎？ 2 .這個是老師的鋼筆嗎？3 .有一些書在 Sam的課桌上。4 .有一些孩子們在教室里。 四、改錯（圈出錯處，在橫線上改正過來）1 .There are some butterflys on the table.2 .This is Alice dress. 3.I like tomato very much.五、將下列句子變成復數形式。1. This dog is brown.2. There is a book and a pen on the table.3. That w

9、oman is a teacher.能力測試卷（名詞）將下列名詞變成復數形式1.planetreelessonmonthappleshirt2. boxbusbrushwatchclassfox3.knifelifeleafWifethief4.dayboymonkeybabycountrystory5.photoradiopianotomatohero6. childtoothmanSheepEnglishChinese二、判斷正誤，并改正錯句，正確的打“1. The house is my brother.2. He has visited many country.3. They are

10、 Englishs.4. This is Tom red bike.三、選擇填空1 . There are two in the room.A. ChinesesB. Englishman2 .The old man will have out.A. two toothsB. two teeth3 .are sold in this bookstore.A. Children ' s books B. Children books4 . Some friends of will come here.A.John ' sB.John5 . Can you give me?A. s

11、ome papersB. a piece of paper6 .There are on the floor.A. some boxB. some boxes四、將下列句子變成復數形式。1. This sheep is white.2. There is a desk and a chair in the room.3. That man is a doctor.第二章代詞一、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞即表示“你、我、他、你們、我們、他們”等的詞，它的人稱、數和格的變化見下表:數人稱主格賓格單數第一人稱Ime第二人稱youyou第三人稱hehimsheheritit復數第一人稱Weus第二人稱you

12、you第三人稱theythem主格與賓格：人稱代詞有主格和賓格兩種形式。主格主要用來做句子的主語；賓格主要用作賓語。 人稱代詞主格用在句首作主語。She is sitting in a bus,她正坐在公共汽車上。人稱代詞賓格在動詞后作賓語。This pen is bad.I can' write with it,這支鋼筆不好，我沒法用它寫字2.人稱代詞的排列順序人稱代詞并列使用時，通常以下列順序出現，請熟悉并記憶。1） 單數代詞： you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2） 復數代詞： we and they ; we and

13、 you ; you and they; we, you and they3）第三人稱單數代詞：he and she* 人稱代詞排序口訣：人稱代詞并列觀，注意順序禮貌見；單數人稱二、三、一，復數人稱一、二、三； 麻煩事情“我”站前，其他人稱沒意見； 兩性并用為三單，男先女后是習慣。二、物主代詞物主代詞是表示所有關系的代詞，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞人稱 類別、第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數復數單數復數單數復數形容詞性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名詞性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

14、例，Whose coat is this? 這是誰的上衣 ？It's hers,是她的。hers= her coat* 關于物主代詞的口訣：物主代詞很重要，譯成漢語都有“的”，后面必須加上物，否則就要犯錯誤,my your his her its our their 不放過。形容詞性是基礎，除了我的？ mine”外，其他詞尾“ s”性形物代能力差，出門常把名詞加；名物代能力強，常來獨去又獨往。三、反身代詞反身代詞也叫“自身代詞”，表示“*自己”一藪稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數myselfyourselfhimself, herself復數ourselvesyourselvesthem

15、selvesI can do it by myself, 我自己能做這件事。* 反身代詞的構成規(guī)律記憶口訣：反身代詞有規(guī)律，第三人稱賓格加，其余開頭用物主，復數 -ves替-f四、指示代詞This （這個）these （這些） 指近處的事物That （那個）these （那些） 指遠處的事物例，This is a book, 本書。These are some books, 這些是書。That is a car,那是輛小汽車。Those are some cars, 那些是小汽車。代詞練習題二根據題意，用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of. ( I )2. Th

16、is is( she ) ruler.( I ) is in the bag.3. Her brother is too young to look after( he )4. This is( I ) book. This book is( I ).5. These pens are( we ).二、填寫下列表格。人稱代詞我我們你，你們他她它他們主 格賓 格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞三、改寫下列句子Eg, This is my book.The book is mine.1. That is her ruler.2. These are their footballs. 3. T

17、his is my backpack .4. Those are your boxes. 四、把下列句子改寫成復數。1. This is a butterfly.2. That is a bus.3. It is a mouse.五、改錯。1. This is mine lamp.2. These are ours books.3. That are their teacher.4. The house is my brother.5. He has visited many country.6. They are Chineses.7. This is Tom red bike.能力測試卷(

18、代詞)一、幫下面的好朋友團圓(連線)I她its我們her他(她，它)們we我they你的their他(她，它)們她的它的your she二、填空1. Shes a teacher . This is bag.2. He's a driver. This is taxi.3. I am a boy .name is Peter.4. -What's name?-My name is Tony.5. It's my is Mimi.三、選擇()1.Your book is not so old as.A. him B. he C. his D. she

19、()2.book is it ? It's.A. Whose- herB. Whose- hers C. Who-hers D. Whom her()3. He is a friend of.A. our B. us C. my D. mine四、改錯1. I, you and he are all teachers.2. This is mine teddy bear.3. These are ours bags.4. These is their teachers.第三章數詞和冠詞一、數詞表示數目和順序的詞叫數詞。數詞又分基數詞和序數詞，基數詞表示數量，序數詞表示順序。1.最基本的

20、基數詞如下表所示：1-1011-19201001 one11 eleven2 two12 twelve20 twenty3 three13 thirteen30 thirty4 four14 fourteen40 forty5 five15 fifteen50 fifty6 six16 sixteen60 sixty7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten100 one hundred*基數詞的寫法 ：2199的兩位數，十位與個位之間用連字符例：21 twen

21、ty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位數：個位數基數詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and。例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight2.序數詞的構成1） 一般來說，是由相應的基數詞加詞尾th構成。例，four+ th- fourthsix + th - sixthseven + th - seventhten + th - tenth2）下面這些基數詞在變?yōu)樾驍翟~時，有特殊的變化。例，one - f

22、irst two - second three - third five- fiftheight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth3）十位整數序數詞的構成方法是將基數詞的詞y變成i,然后在加eth.例，twenty - twentieththirty - thirtiethforty - fortiethninety - ninetieth4）兩位或兩位以上的基數詞變?yōu)樾驍翟~時，僅將個位數變成序數詞。例，twenty pnetwenty- firstthirty-fivethirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-threea h

23、undred and fifty- third*基數詞變序數詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律；詞尾加上th （fourth, sixth ）一、二、三，單獨記；結尾字母t, d, d； （first , second, third ）八去 t,九去 e, （eighth , ninth ） ； ve 要用 f 替；（fifth , twelfth ）整十基數變序數，ty將y變成i ; th前面有個e；要是遇到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。二、冠詞冠詞分不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。a或an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。a用在輔音音素之前，如 adesk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple

24、, an hour, an English book.1 .不定冠詞（a,an）指人或事物的某一種類，表示“一個”，但不強調數量。She is a teacher.That's an orange.2 .定冠詞the,是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指說話人與聽話人彼此知道的人或物，或者是 在上文提到過的人和事。This is a bus.The bus is big.3 .不用冠詞的情況：1）專有名詞，物質名詞，抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。如，Chinese, English, Jim 等。2）名詞前已經有this, that, my, your等詞時，就不再用冠詞了。如， that m

25、ouse （那只老鼠）3） 一些固定詞組前不用定冠詞。如，at home 在家 go to school 去上學*定冠詞the的用法記憶口訣：特指、重提和唯一，島嶼、海峽和海灣；海洋、黨派、最高級，沙漠、河流與群山；方位、順序和樂器，年代、團體與機關；船名、建筑和組織，會議、條約與報刊；姓氏復數、國全名，記住定冠the加在前。*零冠詞用法口訣：月份、星期、節(jié)假洲，呼語、頭銜職務前；三餐、球類、慣用語，學科、棋類名詞前。冠詞和數詞專項練習一、在空白處填上適當的冠詞，不需要的填“/”。1) at home2) go to bed 3) go to school4) catch bad cold 5

26、) have good time6)red apple 7)English book 8)spoon9) orange 10)melon11)eraser二、選擇填空1 .There is " nf in the word “primary ”A. an B.aC.theD./2 .This is orange bike .A.a B.anC.theD/3.It always takes us half hour to have long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is useful

27、 language in world .A.an , theB.a , theC.the , /D./ , the5 .We are going to cinema this evening .A.the B./C/aD.an6 .He ' s standing on other side of river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7.potato is a vegetable , not fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was first to come .A

28、.The B.a C.the D./ 9.Do you see book on table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Where ' s desk ? It ' s in middle of the room .A./ , /B./ , aC.a , / D.the , the11.He is friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in autumn of

29、 1989 .A./ B.theC.a D.an14.I have book . I t ' s interesting one . I like reading books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is Children ' s Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is bag . That is eraser .A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an四、用代詞填空：1.,and are all

30、good friends .A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2.classroom is big , but is much bigger than.A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we3.She lost pen . Will you lend her?A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourse

31、lf4.“What are yodoing ?” fam looking at in the mirror ? "A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5.,and all enjoy music .A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she能力測試卷（冠詞和數詞）一、寫出相鄰的數詞1._ twenty 2 five 3._ twelve 4 fifty-eight5._ ninety 6 seventy_7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred9. o

32、ne thousand 10. one 二、選擇正確答案I.There are days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2.There arestudents in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-sixC. eight hundred and forty-six3.My brother is in A. T

33、hree Class, One GradeC. Grade One, Class Three4.He was doing some washingA. at eight yesterday morningC. yesterday morning at eightB. eight hundred and forty sixD. eight hundred forty-sixB. Class Three, Grade OneD. class three, grade oneB. yesterday morning eightD. by eight yesterday morning5.There

34、are months in a year. December is the month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth6.Sunday is the day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third7 .Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third8 .Tom was to get to sc

35、hool and I was .A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth9 .What 's the date today? It's .A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th10 .Monday is the second day, and .A. Tuesday is the fourthB. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday一、一般現在時

36、的定義D. the second is Thursday第四章一般現在時態(tài)一般現在時是表示現在經常反復發(fā)生的動作，存在的狀態(tài)或習慣性的動作的時態(tài)。二、一般現在時的結構一般現在時用行為動詞的原形，但第三人稱單數作主語時，動詞的詞尾要加-s或-es。現在以連系動詞be和行為動詞read為例，對一般現在時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及其簡略答語的構成以表格形式加以說明：動詞肯定句否定句beI amI am not You/We/They are You/We/They are not He/She/It is .He/She/It is not readI/We/You/They read I/We/Y

37、ou/They/ do not read He/She/It reads He/She/It does not read 動詞疑問句簡略答語（肯定）簡略答語（否定）beAm I ？Yes , you are.No, you are not.Are you ?Yes, I am/we are.No, I am/we are not.Are we ?Yes, we/you are.No, we/ you are not.Are they ？Yes, they are.No, they are not.Is he ？Yes, he is.No, he is not.Is she ？Yes, she

38、is.No, she is not.Is it ?Yes, it is.No, it is not.readDo I / we / theyread ?Yes, you / we / they do.No, you / we / they do not.Does he / she / it read ?Yes, he / she / it does.No, he / she / it does not.連系動詞be的各種形式常與代詞或not縮寫成一個詞。助動詞 do, does 一般只有與not縮寫聯(lián)系動詞be縮寫形式如下肯定縮寫否定縮寫I amI mI am notI'm notYo

39、u areYou 'reYou are notYou 're not /You aren 'tHe isHe'sHe is notHe's not /He isn'tShe isShe'sShe is notShe's not /She isn'tIt isIt'sIt is notIt's not / It isn 'tWe areWe'reWe are notWe 're not / We aren'tThey areThey 'reThey are notThe

40、y're not / They aren't動詞do not的縮寫形式為 don't, does not的縮寫形式為 doesn't。動詞加-s或-es （動詞第三人稱單數）當主語是第三人稱單數時，謂語動詞需加 -s或-es1 . 一般在詞尾加 工例： work works leave - leaves swim - swims2 .以字母s, x, ch, sh或。結尾的詞加-es例：pass- passes fix -fixes teach - teaches do- does3 .以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，先變 y為i再加-es例：study - studi

41、es carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries一般現在時的用法1 .表示經?；蛄晳T性的動作。常與often （經常），always （總是），sometimes （有時），every day（每天），on Sundays/Mondays等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。般現在時的時間狀語有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month,year, ) , this year, once a week ( month, year,)一周(月，年)一次 例句：I get up at

42、6 o 'clock every day.He often goes to school by bike.2 .表示客觀事實，普遍真理。例句： Two and two are four.二加二等于四。The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。一般現在時態(tài)專項練習四、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數形式postlikeridestudyeatvisithavewatchstoppassgiveflyjumprisewriteteachgoreadswim單項選擇()1.you have a book ?A DoB. AreC. IsD. Have()2.Do

43、es Li Lei like to watch TV? .A. Yes, he like.B. No, he doesn't.C. Yes, he'd like.D. No, he likes.( )3.She doesn'ther homework in the afternoon.A. doingB. to doC. doesD. do()4.HowMr. Smithto England?A. do, goB. is , goC. does, goD. does , goes( )5.shehome at six every day?A. Is , leave B.

44、 Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left 用下列動詞的適當形式填空1.I( get ) up at 6 o 'clock every day.2.My father(have) a lovely dog.3.He(go ) to school on foot.4.She(do ) not like watching TV.5.They(play) football every Sunday afternoon.按要求完成下列各題1 .Tomorrow is Saturday.(變成一般疑問句)Saturday ?2 .Does he pla

45、y basketball every weekend?(肯定回答)do三、Yes, .3 .She looks like her sister.(變一般疑問句) she like her sister ?4 .Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑問句) they the same ?5 .Do they always go to the movie (電影院)on Sundays ?(否定回答) No,.五、英漢互諄1. Tom經常放學后(after school)踢足球。2. 我喜歡唱歌。3. He often goes to school on foot.4.

46、Children like to play this game.5. 今天是星期日能力測試卷 (一般現在時)、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數形式ecarry二、用動詞的適當形式填空1. He(go) to school on foot.2. She not like watching TV. (do)3. My father(have) a lovely dog.4. I often( get ) up at six every morning.5. My mo

47、ther( work) in a school.三、英漢互譯1. 他經常在周六的時候讀英語。2. Peter每天都幫助媽媽做家務。3. Tom always plays football after school.4. I get up at six o'clock every day.5. The coat fits (B 合)me very well.第五章現在進行時態(tài)一、現在進行時的定義現在進行時是表示在現在某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作的時態(tài)。二、現在進行時的構成現在進行時由"系動詞(am, is , are) +現在分詞(動詞加-ing形式)"構成?，F在

48、以動詞 work為例，對現在進行時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡略答語列表說明:肯 定 句否 定句I am working.I am not working.You are working.You are not working.He/She/It is working.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are working.We/You/They are not working.疑問 句簡 略 答語Am I working?Yes, you are.No, you are not.Are we working?Yes, we/ you are.No,

49、we/ you aren't.Are you working?Yes, I am.No, I am not.Yes, we are.No, we are not.Is he/she it working ?Yes, he/she/it is.No, he/she/it is not.Are they working?Yes, they are.No, they are not.現在分詞的構成1 .一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。stay - staying do - doing listen - listening2 .以不發(fā)音的字母 e結尾的動詞，先去掉e,再加-ingomake -

50、making ride - riding give - giving3 .以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 -ingoput - puttingsit - sittingrun - running4 .以ie為重讀音節(jié)結尾的單詞，先去掉e,把i變?yōu)関,再加Mg。lie - lyingdie - dying四、現在進行時的用法1 .表示現在或說話時正在進行的動作，常和下列時間狀語連用：now, at this moment, at present,these days (years), this term 有時也與 look , listen 等連用。例句： Look,

51、 what are the monkeys eating?看，那些猴子在吃什么？2 .表示當前一直或反復在進行的動作或難以終止的動作。例句： They are running and jumping all the time.他們一直在跑啊跳啊。現在進行時態(tài)專項練習寫出下列動詞的現在分詞形式stayworktakedospendgivelistenlookridesuffermakepleaserefuseputwinclosesitbeginoperaterunopendietielie二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. Mary and Lucy are(dance) now.2. List

52、en! Someone is(play) the piano in the next room.3. He is(sweep) the floor at the moment.4. Look ! The cat(eat) the fish on the table.5. A:you(study) French ?B: Yes , I am.6. She often(dance) after school.7. My father and mother(swim) in the pond.8. My sister is(fly) a kite in the garden.9. We are(wa

53、tch) TV now.10. Be quiet ! The baby(sleep) now.三、改錯1. We are cleanning our classroom. 2. She is sing in the next room.3. What am you doing?4. Mary is comeing back from Beijing.5. He often flying kites on Sundays. 6. They is reading books now.7. My brother is plays the guitar now.8. Sally is danceing in the room. 9. I watching TV at home now. 10. Do you listening the radio now? 四、英漢互譯1. 他正在教室里做作業(yè)。2. We are reading English now.3. Peter 和 Billy 正在操場上(in the playground )打籃球。4. Look ! A bird is