九年級前十單元語法知識總結(jié)

1、九年級第一單元到第十單元語法知識歸納感嘆句感嘆句是表達喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚奇、驚訝等強烈感情的句子。感嘆句通常由 what 或 how 引導。what和how與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。 一、 由what引導的感嘆句：what意為多么用作定語，修飾名詞（被強調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語. 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！

2、What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由how引導的感嘆句：how意為多么，用作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強調(diào)部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞，這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語. 如： How cold it is today! 今天多

3、么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的圖畫呀！ How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他們干得多么起勁呀！ 三、感嘆句在表示激動強烈的感情時，口語中常常采用省略句，其后面的主語和謂語往往略去不講。 如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么誠實的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么紅的蘋果呀！ How cool! 好涼快呀！ How wonder

4、ful! 精彩極了！一、由 what 引導的感嘆句，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)可分為以下三種：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an 形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語謂語！”。如： What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的禮物啊！ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的書??！2. 可用句型：“ What 形容詞可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)主語謂語！”。如： What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花?。?What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子??！3. 可用句型：“ What 形容詞不可

5、數(shù)名詞主語謂語！”。如： What fine weather it is today! 今天天氣多好?。?What important news it is! 多重要的新聞??！二、由 how 引導的感嘆句，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)也分為三種：1. 可用句型：“ How 形容詞 / 副詞主語謂語！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么細心?。?How fast he runs! 他跑得多快??！2. 可用句型：“ How 形容詞 a/an 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語謂語！”。如： How beautiful a girl she is! 她是個多么漂亮的姑娘??！3. 可用句型：“ How 主語謂語！”。

6、如： How time flies! 光陰似箭！由 what 引導的感嘆句與由 how 引導的感嘆句有時可以轉(zhuǎn)換，但句中部分單詞的順序要有所變化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! How delicious these cakes are!三、有時感嘆句也可以由一個單詞、詞組、祈使句、陳述句等構(gòu)成。如： Good idea! （好主意?。?wonderful! （太精彩了?。?Thank goodness! （謝天謝地?。└袊@句巧解：感嘆句要看后

7、面，即看形容詞后的東東，1) 若形容詞后緊跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，就用what a/an；是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，只用what。2）若形容詞后后緊跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Toms等等亂七八糟的東西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如： 例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是個多么好的男孩??！ / 形容詞 單數(shù)名詞 例句2：What good boys they are! 他們是多么好的男孩??！/ 形容詞 復數(shù)名詞 例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天氣??！/ 形容詞 不可數(shù)名詞 例句4：How good the

8、boy is! 這男孩多好??！/ 形容詞 亂糟糟 若沒有形容詞，而出現(xiàn)副詞或是句子，直接用how.例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他彈得多好?。?/ 副詞 （what不可以修飾副詞，看到副詞直接用how） How time flies! How fast Liu Xiang runs 打油詩一首: 感嘆句往后看 形容詞后是名單 就用what a或what an 形后若是不可數(shù)或名復數(shù) 只用what就可以 形容詞后亂糟糟 只寫how就OK了 專項練習一、填入適當?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday

9、!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is！6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are! 二、選擇填空。1. _ fast the

10、boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, whatC. How, whatD. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. Wha

11、t an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an6. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an8. _ lovely weather we are havi

12、ng these days!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an賓語從句1、 考點、熱點回顧（一） 賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導的

13、賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例 如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiti

14、ng foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如： I hear (t

15、hat) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.（三）賓語從句的時態(tài)1. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。如： I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the ra

16、ilway station?2. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時， 過去進行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： Our teacher said that J

17、anuary is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.2、 典型例題【中考鏈接】1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. where do you buy itC. where you bought it D. where did you buy it2 -Maybe 900 yuan. Im not quite sure.A. how much she

18、paid forB. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for3. I want to know _.A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at4. -Would you please tell me _? -At 10:00 this evening. A.

19、 when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave5.Could you tell me_? -Fill in this form and I will give you a card.A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet CathyC. when I can meet Cathy6. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _? -Sorry, I

20、 have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 7. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _.A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost8. -When do you think _?-About half past five. I will

21、pick him up at the airport.A. he will come B. will he come C. did he comeD. he came9. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises10. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I dont know _.A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he

22、 be back D. how long he will stay abroad usedto的用法如下：構(gòu)成used to + 動詞原形He used to play basketball after school.他過去常常放學后打籃球用法表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)，暗含現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生或不存在。其to為不定式符號，后接動詞原形He used to be a very poor man. 他以前是一個很窮的人。句型變化否定句didntuseto或usednt to doWhenIwasachild,Ididntusetolikeapples.一般疑問句Did sb. use to used s

23、b. to?Did you use to play the piano? Used you to play the piano?你過去常常彈鋼琴嗎？反意疑問句附加疑問部分可用didnt 或usedntHe used to drink, didnt he ? usednt he?相似短語be used to doing sth. 習慣于做某事be used to do sth. 被用來做某事He is used to going for a walk after dinner. 他習慣于飯后去散步。The wood is used to make paper. 木頭被用來造紙。練習題：1. Sh

24、e _ to have long curly hair a year ago.A. use B. uses C. used D. is used2. She used to _ ice cream when she was a child. A. liked B. liking C. likes D. like3. Mario, you used to be short, _ you?A. arent B. werent C. dont D. didnt 4.He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to _at night. A. read; r

25、eadB. reading; reading C. read; readingD. reading; reading被動語態(tài)（一）語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主語English是動詞speak的承受者。（二）被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞”

26、構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。現(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時：amisarespoken一般過去時：waswerespoken一般將來時：willshall bespoken現(xiàn)在進行時：amisare beingspoken過去進行時：was/were beingspoken現(xiàn)在完成時：havehas beenspoken過去完成時：had been + spoken（三）被動語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了

27、。（不知道是誰偷的） This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。（2）強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。（四）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。（2）把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)（be過去分詞） （根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的

28、時態(tài)來決定be的形式）。（3）把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.（五）含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞”構(gòu)成We can repair this

29、watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.選擇填空:1.The reading room _ yesterday afternoon.A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2.The workers were made _ ten hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3.Food _

30、in a cool place in summer.A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4.His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5.The pen _ well.A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6.Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have ta

31、ken place B. have been taken placeC. has taken place D. has been taken place7.Our compositions must _ next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in8.The child will _ back to his parents next month.A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9._ his work _ yet?A. havebeen finish

32、ed B. has been finishedC. has finished D. havefinished10.The classroom _ nowA. is cleaning B. is being cleaningC. is being cleaned D. is cleaned情態(tài)動詞表推測：語氣+時態(tài)（1） 情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種語氣1. 在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也許，或許）。He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。2.否定句中用

33、cant / couldnt(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America.這不可能是校長，他去美國了。3.疑問句中用can/could (能?)。Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎？（注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。 （二）情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài)1.對將來情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形”。She m

34、ust / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。2.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞 + be”，“情態(tài)動詞 +be doing”或“情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形”（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.（2）He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can ( could

35、 ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向準時，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？ 3.對過去情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞 + have +過去分詞”。（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。（3）Can / Could he have gotten

36、the book？ 難道他找到書了嗎？總結(jié)：對某一次的推測句型有兩部分：語氣和時態(tài)語氣部分：（以下情態(tài)動詞語氣由強至弱）肯定句：must、may、might（=could）否定句：cant（=couldnt）、maynt、mightnt 疑問句：can、could（語氣更加委婉不確定）時態(tài)部分：be表示對現(xiàn)在的推測have done表示對過去的推測be doing表示對正在進行的推測語氣部分寫在前時態(tài)部分寫在后，組合在一起就是推測There be 句型表推測There+情態(tài)動詞be/do sthThere+情態(tài)動詞be doing sthThere+情態(tài)動詞have done sth練習題：1

37、、 Where are you going this month? We_ go to Xiamen, but were not sure. A. neednt B. must C. might D. mustnt2、 Excuse me, whose book is this? It _ be Johns. It has his name on it. A. must B. need C. cant 3、 The man _be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada.A. might B. must C. cant4、Are you in a h

38、urry? NO, Ive got plenty of time I _wait.A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt5、 Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation? Not yet. We _go to Qingdao . Its a good place for vacation.A. may B. need C. must6、 You mustnt go off on your own, because you _get lost in the mountains.A. should B. mu

39、st C. need D. might7、-Oh, its raining hard. -Be careful! The road _be wet. A. could B. must C. might8、 Whose T-shirt is this? It _ be Johns. Its _ small for him. A. cant; much too B. cant; too much C. mustnt; too much9、Whos the man over there? Is it Mr. Black? It _ be him. Hes much taller. A. may no

40、t B. cant C. will not D. mustnt10、The woman who is talking with Mr. Brown _ be Miss Li. She has gone to England.A. cant B. must C. may D. mustnt11、 Look at the boy playing basketball on the ground. Is it George? It _ be him. He told me he would play basketball after class, but hes not sure. A. mustn

41、t B. must C. cant D. may12、Difficulties always go with me! Cheer up! If God closes a door in front of you, there _ be a window opened for you. A. would B. must D. could D. can 13、Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. King? No. It _ be her. She is wearing a white dress today. A. can B. may C. mus

42、t D. cant14、Two hundred years for such a T-shirt! You _ be joking! Im not joking. Its made of silk. A. cant B. can C. need D. must15、Whose book is this? It _our geography teachers. You see, his name is on it.A. cant be B. can be C. mustnt be D. must be中考定語從句講解 定語從句 請看下面的句子： I want to know the boy wh

43、o is the tallest. 句子做定語修飾boy（一）概念:定語從句：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子， 叫定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。（2） 定語從句的分類、限定性定語從句：從句不可少，沒有它，先行詞的意思不明確，主句也不完整。與先行詞之間不用逗號。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.、非限定性定語從句：是對先行詞的補充說明，沒有它不會影響先行詞或主句意思的完整性。 從句一般用逗號同主句分開。e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle.（三）(限

44、定性)定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞 which, who, whom, whose, that where, when, why（四）定語從句的實質(zhì)：二句合一（合并條件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Mary is a girl. 合并為一個句子She has long hair.思路：留（保留先行詞）-舍（舍去與先行詞互指的詞）-替（用關(guān)系詞代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.請把下列句子二句合一 1. I saw the man.He clo

45、sed the door 2.The girl is happy. She won the race 3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen. （五） 定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定:l a.先行詞的分類l b.先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞?.先行詞做主語 人：who/that 物：which/that2.先行詞做賓語 人：who/whom/that 物：which/that3.先行詞做定語 人：whose 物：whose/of which4.先行詞做狀語：when, where, whyl who, whom, whose, that用法區(qū)別

46、.l who /that作定語從句的主語或賓語. The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做題思路：先分解分析再合并分解 The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主語l Whom /that作定語從句的賓語 The woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman. 作賓語注意:

47、 關(guān)系代詞作動詞賓語時可省略.l whose 作定語從句的定語. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl. The girls mother is a teacher. 作定語小結(jié)：關(guān)系詞判斷步驟l 首先，要辨別出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或thatl 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞 主語 賓語 定語 人who, thatwho(m), that whose 物 which, thatwhich, t

48、hat whose, of which鞏固練習：用適當代關(guān)系詞填空1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情況： (1)先行詞為all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the