初中英語代詞講解

1、人稱代詞人稱代詞物主代詞物主代詞反身代詞反身代詞指示代詞指示代詞相互代詞相互代詞疑問代詞疑問代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞不定代詞不定代詞一一.概念概念二、分類二、分類: 按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：主格主格I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 賓格賓格 me, you, her, him, it, us, you, themadj性性 my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their, n性性 mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs my

2、self, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneselfthis, that, these, those, each other, one another who, whom, which, whose, whatwho, whom, which, whose, that, as代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。用來代替上文中提到過用來代替上文中提到過的人或物。的人或物。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。sth; sb; both;

3、 all; no; another, others It was I who met her in .It was her who I met in .It is he who teachesIt is us who he teaches. He teaches us P.E. 1.人稱代詞人稱代詞主格主格:I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 賓格賓格: me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them1).用作主語時(shí)用主格，用作賓語、表語時(shí)用賓格。用作主語時(shí)用主格，用作賓語、表語時(shí)用賓格。 但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中, 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的代

4、詞的主格賓格保持不變。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞的主格賓格保持不變。在省略謂語的句子中在省略謂語的句子中, 用作主語的人稱代詞常用賓格用作主語的人稱代詞常用賓格The Kings are music-lovers. They often go to the concert.Nancy is a P.E teacher. Ive known her for years.A: Does any one know Susans e-mail address? / Who is on duty today? / Who has been to Japan?B: Me. I met her in the bar.在用

5、在用 than、as表示比較的句子中用主格表示比較的句子中用主格,賓格都可以賓格都可以 He is taller than me /I . I can run as fast as he/him. 但有時(shí)用主格與賓格意義不同，如：但有時(shí)用主格與賓格意義不同，如：1.He loves her more than I =He loves her more than I love her. 2.He loves her more than me =He loves her more than he loves me. 3.I like Bob as much as him. =I like both

6、 Bob and him.4.I like Bob as much as he. =I like Bob and he likes Bob, too. 2)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí),其次序排列原則其次序排列原則: 二三一二三一 人人 稱稱. “我我”總是放在最后總是放在最后, 在并列主語中在并列主語中,排列順序?yàn)榕帕许樞驗(yàn)? you, she/he and I, 并列賓格并列賓格: you, her/ him and me, 3) 人稱代詞的特殊用法：人稱代詞的特殊用法： we /you 在口語中常用來泛指一般人。在口語中常用來泛指一般人。 she, her 通常通常用

7、來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。 You, she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr. Li asked you, Tom and me to clean the windows. You learn English better if you stay in an English- speaking country.The Titanic, the largest ship at that time started her first journey on a sunny day. China is my mot

8、herland, Although she is not rich enough now, I still love her very much. it 的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的動(dòng)物、無生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的動(dòng)物、無生命的或抽象的事物2) 表示性別不明顯的嬰兒表示性別不明顯的嬰兒3)指代錄像、照片以及心中所想的人指代錄像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只聞其聲未見或只聞其聲未見 其人的其人的, 非活生生的具體真人。非活生生的具體真人。4)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離 A: Whos the man beside you in the photo?B: Its my

9、 cousin Henry.A: Someone is knocking at the door, Who can it be?B: I bet its Mike. I warned him not to smoke, but it didnt help.Look at the baby, its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today. It never rains but it pours !It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came

10、to Shanghai.5)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句6)在一些慣用結(jié)構(gòu)中作形式主語或形式賓語在一些慣用結(jié)構(gòu)中作形式主語或形式賓語It is important for us to learn English well. It is kind/nice of you to help me with my math.I find/think it useful to read English every day.It is our duty to study hard.Its a pleasure for me to play the guitar for you all.It is a pity t

11、hat you missed the football match.It is said that an traffic accident happened to him last nightIt was reported that a robbery happened here.It seemed that his interview was a success.It doesnt matter what they will say. It is /was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(強(qiáng)調(diào)人可用強(qiáng)調(diào)人可用who)+剩余部分剩余部分 He teaches us P.E.It is he

12、 who teaches/It is us make it （口語）獲得成功; take it easy 從容，不著急 let it go 不去理會(huì),隨它去（不屑或懶得多說或做什么） this / that is it 這/那正是我(們)所需要的; 這/那正是失敗的原因所在； 這/那正是最后的結(jié)果了。It takes all sorts to make a world.It takes me ten minutes to go to school on foot.He never really made it as an actor before 2000.We still have half

13、 an hour, Take it easy!I dont agree with him, but l will it go at that.I overheard her talking about me, but I let it go.Ive been looking for a house for months and I think this is it.Im afraid thats it, we have lost the match !2.物主代詞物主代詞形容詞性形容詞性: my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their, 名詞性名詞性 :

14、mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs adj 物主代詞屬于限定詞物主代詞屬于限定詞, 后面必須有后面必須有n, 只能作定語。只能作定語。 n 性物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于性物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于 “adj 詞性物主代詞詞性物主代詞+n” 既有表示既有表示所屬所屬的作用又有的作用又有指代指代作用，作用， This isnt her pen. Hers looks newer and cleaner.主語I lost my bike, Can I use yours.賓語Look for your keys in your bag, not

15、in mine.介詞賓語: 雙重屬格為雙重屬格為：a/an, this, that +n +of +n 性物主代詞性物主代詞 a friend of mine. each brother of his.形容詞形容詞 own 常用在形容詞性物主代詞后面加強(qiáng)語氣常用在形容詞性物主代詞后面加強(qiáng)語氣 ones own+ 名詞名詞=.名詞名詞of ones own I have my own car/ friends =I have a car /friends of my own. I saw it with my own eyes !含有物主代詞的詞組含有物主代詞的詞組 on ones own=by

16、 oneself 獨(dú)立地，獨(dú)自地try / do ones best to do sth竭盡全力做某事lose ones way / temper /life. 迷路/發(fā)脾氣/喪命lose ones heart to sb/ sth=fall in love with 鐘情于in ones forties/ fifties 在某人40 / 50來歲的時(shí)候do ones homework 做作業(yè)；in ones opinion 依某人看be ones own master / mistress 獨(dú)立自主keep / lose ones balance( 因保持/失去平衡而) 穩(wěn)住/倒下Keep

17、/ lose ones head 保持鎮(zhèn)定/昏頭，沖動(dòng)Keep / break ones promise 信守/違背諾言keep / break ones word 守信 /失信,食言 eat ones words 承認(rèn)自己說錯(cuò)話on ones way to spin ones free/ spare time 在某人的閑暇時(shí)光hold ones breath 屏息; lose ones breath氣喘吁吁to ones surprise/disappointment令某人驚訝/失望的是1).作動(dòng)詞的賓語作動(dòng)詞的賓語 Behave yourselves, children !We enjoy

18、ed ourselves =had a good time last night.Please help yourself to some fish, Lora. 2).作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語Shes very angry with herself for her carelessness. Im confident of myself= I have confidence in myself. They were discussing about it among themselves.3).作表語作表語: Im not feeling myself today. Whats wrong

19、with you? You dont look yourself today. 4). 作同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用作同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用The book itself is good, but it isnt suitable for you.The boy himself is not bad although he is naughty. 3.反身代詞反身代詞myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneselfenjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得開心

20、teach oneself sth =learn sth by oneself 自學(xué)buy oneself sth=buy sth for oneself 為自己買call oneself a writer / Jay Chou 自稱作家/周杰論introduce oneself 自我介紹；be proud of oneself自豪devote oneself to 全神貫注于;獻(xiàn)身于behave oneself 舉止規(guī)范; express oneself 表達(dá)思想hurt oneself 弄傷自己; dress oneself (up) 穿衣(打扮) Help oneself to some

21、隨便吃/ 喝點(diǎn).make oneself at home, 放松；別拘束make oneself understood 讓別人明白/理解自己think more of oneself than others考慮自己多于別人feel oneself 感到有精神; look oneself 跟往常一樣健康by oneself =on ones own 獨(dú)自地;獨(dú)立地 一些常見的包含反身代詞的詞組一些常見的包含反身代詞的詞組 指示代詞的句法功能指示代詞的句法功能: 作主語、賓語、介詞賓語作主語、賓語、介詞賓語: 4.指示代詞指示代詞:指示代詞的特殊指代功能：指示代詞的特殊指代功能： 1.介紹別人時(shí)要

22、用介紹別人時(shí)要用 this is; This is Miss Li. This is Tom 2.this 常指常指下文中要下文中要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；講到的事物，有啟下的作用； that 則指則指上文中提到過的人上文中提到過的人/事物事物有承上的作用。有承上的作用。this , these 一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物；一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物；that, those 常指時(shí)間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。常指時(shí)間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。 I want to tell you this: The party will be put off. He hurt his leg yesterday

23、. Thats why he didnt come.1 This is the best way to do learn English. 2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.4.若用于指代與前面提及的同類事物若用于指代與前面提及的同類事物, 若該若該n的修飾語在的修飾語在 后后, 則多用則多用that (單數(shù)單數(shù)n和不可數(shù)和不可數(shù)n ), those(復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)n); The traffic on Humin Road is heavier than that on Guilin R. The weat

24、her in Beijing is drier than that in Shanghai.The book on the desk is as new as the one / that on the shelf.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. 3.打電話時(shí)打電話時(shí)“你你” “我我” 不用不用“you” “I ” 而要用而要用 that, this, A: Who is that? B: This is Lily speaking. 5.that和those可作定語從句的先行詞可作定語從句的先行詞, those常用來指

25、人常用來指人 We are looking for those who sing and dance well. Those who always work hard are sure to succeed. 指示代詞還可作限定詞指示代詞還可作限定詞:That boy is Bob. These trees are ours. this morning / afternoon /evening / week / month / Wednesday / autumn / year / term this time, this way5.相互代詞相互代詞each other, one anothe

26、r each other指兩個(gè)人指兩個(gè)人/物之間物之間, one another指多個(gè)之間指多個(gè)之間, 但但 each other 常用來代替常用來代替 one another相互代詞只能作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語相互代詞只能作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語 相互代詞可加相互代詞可加-s構(gòu)成所有格，例如：構(gòu)成所有格，例如：People should care about and help each other /one another.We write to each other. Trees can communicate with each other. Ann and Jane often share sna

27、cks with each other Although theyve talked for five hours, they dont know each others names. 6.疑問代詞疑問代詞:指人指人: who, whom, whose; 指物指物: what; 指人指人/物物: which1)疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語,位于謂位于謂語動(dòng)詞之前語動(dòng)詞之前, 沒有性和數(shù)的變化沒有性和數(shù)的變化, 除除who之外也沒有格之外也沒有格的變化。的變化。who問姓名問姓名/關(guān)系關(guān)系, what 問職業(yè)問職業(yè) 等等2) whom是who的賓格

28、賓格, 作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語, 在口在口 語中可用語中可用who代替代替, 但在介詞后只能用但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如：例如： Who(m) did you meet on the street? （作動(dòng)詞賓語）（作動(dòng)詞賓語） Who(m) will you give the book to?（介賓（介賓,置句首）置句首） To whom did you speak just now? 3) which指一定范圍內(nèi)一定范圍內(nèi), 而what, who 則無范圍限制無范圍限制 Which do you like best? What / Who do you like b

29、est? 4) what, which, whose 還可作限定詞還可作限定詞。 What books do you like reading? Which books are yours ? Whose book is this? 就劃線部分提問就劃線部分提問1.The man with long hair is an artist2.The man has long hair3. The car over there is mine.4. My car is over there.5.Sally gave John a card yesterday. 6.It is August 1st.

30、 7. It is Tuesday. 8.It is foggy today. Who is an artist? Which man is an artist ? What is the man with long hair ? What is yours ? Which car is yours ? Whose is the car over there ? Whose car is over there? What is over there?Where is your car Who gave John a car yesterday ? Whom did Sally give a c

31、ard to yesterday ? What did Sally give John yesterday ? Who has long hair? What does the man look like? 9. There are about 1,800,000 people in Shanghai?10.The trousers are 489 dollars.11.Kenny is tall and strong, clever and friendly and good at sports and playing the guitar.12. Yao Ming is 226 centi

32、metres.13. He weighs 75 kilos14.My handbag is white.How many people are there in Shanghai ? What is the population of Shanghai ? What does Kenny look like ? How is Kenny? What do you think of Kenny? = How do you like Kenny?What is Kenny like ? How tall is Yao Ming? Whats Yao Mings height? How much d

33、oes he weigh ? How heavy is he?Whats his weight ? How much are the trousers ? What is the price of the trousers ? What color is your handbag? *7.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞，包括是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞，包括 who, whom, which, whose, that, as.用于指人用于指人 : who whom, that ; 用于指物用于指物 : which和that , whose 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物; as 指代整

34、個(gè)一句話指代整個(gè)一句話1.who, which和和 that用作主語用作主語, He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Beijing. 2.whom, which, that用作賓語用作賓語, The man (whom/ that) you saw is a famous actor. Is this the book (which/that) you bought last week? 3.whose用作定語用作定語, 如：如： He is the man whos

35、e car was stolen last week. This is the car whose windows were broken.4.as 用作主語用作主語/賓語賓語 As we all know=as is known to us all, the earth is round.主要有：主要有：由some, any, no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞，something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, =someone, anybody-anyone, nobody=no one, everybody=everyone, 還有all,

36、 none any, each, every one, both, either, neither, one, ones, a few, few, many, a little, little, much, another, the other, others, the others, some, any, no等。8、不定代詞、不定代詞1). something, anything, nothing, everything, Something is wrong with my watch.Is there anything important in todays newspaper?Wou

37、ld you give me something to drink?不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等（定語、狀語等（every、no只能作定語只能作定語） 2) somebody=someone,某人某人 anybody=anyone, 任何人任何人 nobody=no one, 沒有人沒有人 everybody=everyone 每個(gè)人每個(gè)人 every one of = each one of 某些人某些人/物中的每一個(gè)物中的每

38、一個(gè) none of (+ 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) / 不可數(shù)不可數(shù) n) 某些人某些人/物中沒有一個(gè)物中沒有一個(gè) nothing but sth= only sth, nobody but =only sb只有某人只有某人One shouldnt judge a person by his/ her appearance or what he /she wears.There is nothing=not anything in the room.You can ask me for anything if you need.Everything is ready, isnt ?There is noth

39、ing but a chair in the room. Nobody but Wendy knows the secret.Somebody is calling you downstairs.Nobody entered the teachers office, do they ?Anybody will help you when youre in trouble.How many pears are there on the tree? None.How much milk is there in the glass? None.None of the students solved

40、the math problem, did they?3).one, ones, 若被指代的若被指代的n的修飾語在后面，則代詞多用的修飾語在后面，則代詞多用that (單數(shù)單數(shù)n) 和和 those (復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)n); 若此名詞為不可數(shù)名詞若此名詞為不可數(shù)名詞, 則只能用則只能用that.The air in the country is fresher than that in the city. The light outside is brighter than that in the room.Your dress is better than that /the one in the

41、shop.Her shoes are similar to the ones/ those I had yesterday.The windows of my room are as big as the ones/ those of his. 指代與上文中提到的指代與上文中提到的n 同類中的一個(gè)同類中的一個(gè)/一些一些,單數(shù)為單數(shù)為one, 復(fù)數(shù)為復(fù)數(shù)為ones. one(s) 可帶形容詞修飾語或限定詞可帶形容詞修飾語或限定詞: a/an, the, some, any, next, this, that, which和定語從句和定語從句.The bus has gone, you have

42、to wait for the next one.Is this hat the one you bought in France? The blue vase is twice as expensive as the white one.Your Mp3 is nice, I will buy one at weekends.These apples are too small, do you have any bigger ones?1.Kellys right eye is green, its _ eye is blue.2.I am still hungry, can I have

43、_cake? 3.Do you mind showing me some _ pears, these are too small.4. There is only one glove, where is _?5.We need _ five days to finish the work. 6.Therere many people in the park, some are flying kites some are taking a walk and _ are sitting on the grass.7.Two boys and one girl in our class come from Taiwan, _are from Shanghai.other the other onethe others / the restothersanother other another4. another(+ 單數(shù)單數(shù)/ 數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)字+ 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)) ,又一個(gè)又一個(gè)/幾個(gè)幾個(gè)(泛指泛指) the other兩者中的另一個(gè)兩者中的另一個(gè)( 前面一般有前面一般有 two, twins, eyes, ears, hands, gloves, the street, parents等暗含等暗含2 的的n) others (=other + 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)), 其