金屬基納米粉體聚合物復(fù)合材料的制備及微波吸收性能研究

1、金屬基納米粉體/聚合物復(fù)合材料的制備及微波吸收性能研究    【論文標(biāo)題】 金屬基納米粉體/聚合物復(fù)合材料的制備及微波吸收性能研究 【英文標(biāo)題】 The Preparation and Microwave Absorption Properties of the Composite of Metal-based Nanoparticles/polymer【中文摘要】 磁性納米粒子是一種良好的微波吸收材料,將磁性金屬納米粒子加入到聚合物基體中,可以使得復(fù)合材料既具有磁性納米粒子的性能又具有聚合物基體的性能。然而磁性納米粒子易團(tuán)聚、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性差、與有機(jī)介質(zhì)相

2、容性差,極大的影響了其應(yīng)用發(fā)展。因此選用合適的材料對(duì)磁性粒子進(jìn)行表面改性,不僅能防止磁性納米粒子的氧化和團(tuán)聚,而且可以提高磁性納米粒子與聚合物基體的相容性。本文主要研究了聚苯胺/鎳納米復(fù)合材料的制備與表征以及磁性吸波劑納米鐵粉、碳包覆鐵納米粉加入到水性丙烯酸樹(shù)脂涂料制備的水性納米復(fù)合涂料的吸波性能。采用界面聚合的方法制備聚苯胺,通過(guò)改變上、下界面的反應(yīng)溶劑和反應(yīng)溫度等工藝參數(shù)制備了形狀比較均一的管狀聚苯胺。同時(shí)采用界面聚合法制備了管狀聚苯胺/鎳納米復(fù)合材料,通過(guò)FT-IR、XRD、TEM分析表征表明,生成了管狀聚苯胺,形狀均一,直徑大約在100nm,并且存在著部分的結(jié)晶。聚苯胺很好地包覆了納米

3、鎳粉,實(shí)現(xiàn)了管狀聚苯胺及聚苯胺包覆納米鎳粉的多種物質(zhì)及形態(tài)的復(fù)合,對(duì)其制備工藝及微波頻段的電磁特性進(jìn)行了研究。以“殼/核”型碳包覆鐵(Fe(C)納米顆粒為填料,水性丙烯酸樹(shù)脂為基體制備了納米復(fù)合電磁波吸收涂料。采用不同含量十二烷基苯磺酸鈉(SDBS)對(duì)納米顆粒改性,提高了納米顆粒在基體中的分散性。選用吸收劑填充量為30wt%的涂料,測(cè)定了不同厚度涂層的電磁波吸波性能。涂層具有很好的吸波性能,當(dāng)厚度為5mm時(shí),反射損耗峰值為-17.2dB,吸收帶寬為3.2GHz(710.2GHz)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了傳輸線理論對(duì)鐵磁性納米顆粒吸波性能的模擬結(jié)果。并制備了3mm的不同含量的涂層測(cè)定其吸波性能。以鐵(F

4、e)納米顆粒為填料,水性丙烯酸樹(shù)脂為基體制備了納米復(fù)合電磁波吸收涂料。采用鈦酸酯偶聯(lián)劑(JSC)對(duì)納米鐵粉進(jìn)行表面處理,提高其與丙烯酸樹(shù)脂的相容性。選用吸收劑填充量為30wt%的涂料,測(cè)定了不同厚度涂層的電磁波吸波性能。涂層具有很好的吸波性能,當(dāng)涂層厚度為3mm時(shí),在218GHz頻段內(nèi)吸收優(yōu)于-10dB的頻寬則約為2.3GHz(5.98.2GHz)。 【英文摘要】 Magnetic metal nanoparticles are considered as a kind of excellent microwave absorbers. However,the applications of

5、the nanoparticles are limited by some factors,such as agglomeration,poor chemical durability and combination with organic matrix.Selecting proper organic surfactants to modify nanoparticles can solve agglomeration in polymer, improve the compatibility of organic compounds.Adding the magnetic metal n

6、anoparticles into the polymer make the nanocomposites not only have the properties of nanoparticles but also the polymer.In this paper,the preparation and properties of tube-polyanilin/polyaniline coated nano-nickel(PANi/PANi(Ni) nanocomposites are studied.As well as,the nano-iron/ waterborne acryli

7、c resin and carbon coated iron/waterborne acrylic resin nanoconposites were researched,and the characteristics of them also were studied.The tube-polyaniline is prepared by a simple interracial polymerization method through change the aqueous/organic biphasic system and reaction temperature.As well

8、as the tube-polyanilin/polyaniline coated nano-nickel(PANi/PANi(Ni) nanocomposites are prepared. Both samples are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the PANi is tubal with diameter of about

9、100nm and length of several micrometers,and exhibits some crystalline grains of several nanometers on the surface.In the system of PANi/Ni nanocomposite,it can also be found the PANi tubes and almost all the Ni nanoparticles encapsulated into PANi shells,exhibiting a coexistence of two kinds of morp

10、hologies.The microwave characteristics of both samples are measured and discussed in detail in this paper.The microwave absorption properties of the coatings containing 30wt%of the carbon-coated Fe nano-particles with various thicknesses was tested,in which the waterborne acrylic resin was used as t

11、he matrix.To improve the dispersion of the nano-particles in resin, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) was employed as the surfactant.The results showed that the coatings have excellent absorbing properties in thickness of 5mm,presenting the reflection loss of -17.2dB at 8.6GHz and the bandwidth

12、 of -10dB at 3.2GHz(710.2GHz). Based on the current results,it was confirmed that the absorption properties of ferromagnetic nano-particles are basically consistent with the theoretical prediction of transmission line.As well as the microwave absorbing properties of the coatings which thickness is 3

13、mm containing different contant of carbon-coated Fe nano-particles were tested.The microwave absorbing properties of the coatings containing 30wt%of the nano-Fe with various thicknesses was tested,in which the waterborne acrylic resin was used as the matrix.To improve the compatibility of the nano-p

14、articles in resin,titanate coupling reagent (JSC) was employed as the surfactant.The results showed that the coatings have excellent absorbing properties in thickness of 3mm,presenting the bandwidth of -10dB at 2.3GHz (5.98.2GHz). 【中文關(guān)鍵詞】 聚苯胺; 納米復(fù)合材料; 電磁特性; 微波吸收性能 【英文關(guān)鍵詞】 Polyanniline; Nanocomposite

15、s; Fe nanoparticles ; Microwave absorption 【論文目錄】 摘要 4-5 Abstract 5-6 1 引言 9-25     1.1 選題的背景和意義 9     1.2 納米粉體的表面改性 9-12         1.2.1 納米粒子的表面特征 10         1.2.2 納米粒子表面改性的方法 10-12    

16、1.3 納米復(fù)合材料 12-14         1.3.1 納米復(fù)合材料的定義 12         1.3.2 納米復(fù)合材料的制備方法 12-14     1.4 吸波材料概述 14-20         1.4.1 吸波材料的吸波原理 14-15         1.4.2 吸波材料

17、分類 15-16         1.4.3 納米吸波材料研究現(xiàn)狀 16-20         1.4.4 納米吸波材料的應(yīng)用 20     1.5 水性涂料概述 20-23         1.5.1 水性涂料的定義 20-22         1.5.2 水性涂料的分類 22 

18、0;       1.5.3 隱身涂料概述 22         1.5.4 納米水性涂料的研究現(xiàn)狀 22-23     1.6 研究的目的和內(nèi)容 23-25         1.6.1 研究目的 23-24         1.6.2 研究?jī)?nèi)容 24-25 2 管狀聚苯胺/鎳納米復(fù)合材料的制備及性

19、能研究 25-41     2.1 引言 25     2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 25-29         2.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料及試劑 25-27         2.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程 27-28         2.2.3 測(cè)試與表征 28-29     2.3 結(jié)果與討論 29-39  &#

20、160;      2.3.1 管狀聚苯胺合成條件的選擇 29-30         2.3.2 紅外光譜分析 30-31         2.3.3 相結(jié)構(gòu)和熱穩(wěn)定性分析 31-33         2.3.4 形貌和生長(zhǎng)機(jī)制 33-37         2.3.5

21、電磁性能分析 37-39     2.4 本章小結(jié) 39-41 3 鐵基納米粉/丙烯酸樹(shù)脂水性納米復(fù)合涂料的制備及性能研究 41-58     3.1 引言 41-42     3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料及儀器 42     3.3 填料的表面處理 42-43         3.3.1 填料碳包覆鐵納米顆粒的水性化 42         3.3.2 填料鐵納米顆粒的表面偶聯(lián)處理 42-43     3.4 納米復(fù)合涂層材料的制備及性能測(cè)試 43-46         3.4.1 納米復(fù)合涂料的制備 43-44         3.4.2 涂料的涂覆