非謂語動詞在句中作定語

1、.非謂語動詞在句中作定語在英語句子中， 不定式 to do，分詞 v+ing 和 v+ed 是非謂語動詞， 除不能作謂語外，其他成份都可擔當，其中一個成份就是作定語。不定式 to do 在句中作定語置于被修飾名詞后，常同該名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，要是不定式是不及物動詞，其后應加上必要的介詞。例：I have something to say. (to say something ) I llgive you a magazine to read.That is a good company to work for. He is a pleasant fellow to work with. Woul

2、d you bring me a bench to sit on?有些名詞常接不定式作定語，如：chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effort ,right (權(quán)利 ), movement 等，例：You haven anyt reason to leave me.You have no right to do such a thing.He succeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal weakness.He put himself out of the way to help others.We have no time t

3、o lose.Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.The first ,the last ,the second ,the best 等常與不定式連用作定語。例：He is always the first to come.She would be the last to agree to our plan.You are the second to ask me that question.I lldo my poor best to fixit up.當 to go ,to spare 作“剩下”講時可作定語。例：He

4、 had five minutes to go before time was up.They had only 100 dollars to spare.不定式用在某些句子中作定語相當于一個定語從句，表示動作即將;.發(fā)生。例：There are many difficultiesto overcome.= There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome. He has a large family to support.= He has a large family that he must support.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分

5、詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在句中都可以作定語，但在語態(tài)和時間概念上有區(qū)別，在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動，在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行，而過去分詞則表示動作完成。例：boilingwater (主動、進行 )boiled water (被動、完成 )有時過去分詞則表示被動，不表示完成的動作，有時則表示動作的完成，不表示被動的動作。例：the fallen leaves (動作已完成 )developed countries (動作已完成 )an interested party(被動 )單個分詞作定語置于被修飾詞前。例：China is a developing country

6、.He lit a fire and from it took a burning stick.America is a developed country.有些單個分詞 （尤其是現(xiàn)在分詞） 作定語時也可以置于被修飾詞之后，特別如一些不定代詞anything ,something ,everything ,nothing 等則應后置。例：;.the experience gained (獲得的經(jīng)驗 )for the time being (暫時 )for years running ( 一連數(shù)年 )She found the windowopen and something stolen.Th

7、ere is nothing doing.There is nothing interesting in today papers.They can see everything happening on the line.Is there anything interesting in the book?分詞短語置于被修飾詞之后The pen lying on the table belongs to you.The boy making faces is my son.I like songs performed by Mao Aming.其實作定語的分詞短語可以擴展為定語從句。如上述三句

8、可改為：The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you.The boy who is making faces is my son.I like songs which was performed by Mao Aming.現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語表示一個（現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚┱谶M行的動作，或者表示某經(jīng)常性動作或狀態(tài)。例：Can you see the star moving in the sky?There is a piano standing in the corner.如果分詞所表示的動作在時間上同謂語動詞所表示的動作不一致，不能使用現(xiàn)在分詞，

9、而應使用定語從句。例：I want to know the man breaking the window. (X)Break 的動作是先發(fā)生上例不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，應改為定語從句。如： .who broke the window.Do you know anyone having lost money. (X)Do you know anyone who lost money. (V);.因此我們就知道在那種情況下定語從句可以用現(xiàn)在分詞代替，即：定語從句動詞所表示的時間同主句謂語動詞的時間一致時。例：Did you see the man (who was) talking to the hea

10、dmaster?The hospital which stands /standing across the street was set up last year.(stands 表示一個經(jīng)常性的狀態(tài))過去分詞在時間上，表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之間，表示與句中謂語動詞相應的經(jīng)常性動作；或表示一個正在進行的動作，用being +過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Is this the book written ( which was written) by Henry James?He was then a teacher respected ( who was respected ) by all his

11、st udents.The matter being discussed ( which is being discussed ) is of great importance.He was invited to a meeting to be held ( which was to be held ) t he next day.動名詞作定語動名詞單個詞作定語時也置于被修飾詞前，表示被修飾詞的用途、類屬等。例；a writingtable = a table for writing(動名詞 )a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping （現(xiàn)在分詞）a

12、 swimming pool = a pool for swimming （動名詞）a waiting room = a room for waiting（動名詞）drinking water = water for drinking （動名詞）No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. （動名詞）;.That is a shop dealing in walking stick. （動名詞）The sleeping child was in a sound sleep. （現(xiàn)在分詞）Allbedrooms in this hot

13、el have hot cold running water. (現(xiàn)在分詞 )從上述看，單個動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作前置定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，表示被修飾名詞自身發(fā)生的動作或行為，而動名詞和被修飾的名詞不表示這種關(guān)系，只表示與被修飾名詞的用途、類屬等。動名詞作介詞賓語構(gòu)成的介詞短語可定語。例：He is in the habit of rising early.( of rising 修飾名詞 habit )She has a good idea of playing snowball.( of playing 修飾名詞 idea )有些名詞有時也可接不定式和其接“介

14、詞動名詞”在意義上沒有區(qū)別。例：That is the way of setting the problem.That is the way to settle the problem.這類名詞常用的有：timefor doing sth.Reason of doing sth.Timeto do sth.Reason to do sth.Freedom indoing sth.Chance ofdoingsth.Freedom todo sth.Chance to do sth.Failure indoing sth.Patience indoingsthFailure todo sth.P

15、atience todosth.Choice ofdoing sth.Opportunityofdoing sth.Choice todo sth.Opportunityto do sth.但有些名詞和 purpose ,method,idea ,habit 等后面只能接 of+ 動名;.詞，不接不定式，有些名詞如promise ,effort ,desire ,attempt ,ability,refusal ,determination ,failure 不接 of + 動名詞，但可以接不定式。例：It is surprising that they should choose this

16、method of passing the evening. (不用 method to pass)The old man is in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast.(不用 habit to do )dont trust his promise to come for a visit.（不用 promise of coming ）She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas in Bursley . （不用 refusal of spending）But his effo

17、rts to get her back were vain. (不用 efforts of getting)示例 考題 1-What do you think of the middle school?-It is a very good _.A. school to studyB. School to study inC. Studying schoolD. school for children to study解析從本題的答案看并結(jié)合提干的要求接上一個名詞school，后在這個名詞后面使用不定式作該名詞的定語，從答案中看給的不定式tostudy，在此是作不及物動詞，因此不定式的后面應加上

18、一個介詞in 才合乎題意，所以選。考題Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path _;._ to the front.A. to leadB. LedC. LeadingD. being led解析據(jù)題意提干前有一個名詞path，其后是介詞組to the front ，即要求一個現(xiàn)在分詞和to the front 連成現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾名詞path作定語，path 名詞雖表示物不能使用過去分詞，是小路本身延伸到前線的，所以選?？碱}They set up an _ table in a small temple to operate onthe _ soldiers.A. operating ;woundedB. Operated ;woundingC. operated ;/woundedD. operating ;wo