介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(一)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是定語(yǔ)從句的一種復(fù)雜形式，這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有which,whom,whose,它們既可以引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞前該選用什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境、習(xí)語(yǔ)、慣用法等來(lái)決定。一.介詞選擇的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1 .介詞與定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbecontrolledonpurpose.人類(lèi)的面部表情和動(dòng)物的面部表情就可控制的程度來(lái)說(shuō)是不一樣的。(toad

2、egree)Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)紳士被證明是個(gè)小偷。(tellsb.aboutsb./sth.)TheEnglishplayinwhichmystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.那場(chǎng)在新年晚會(huì)上我學(xué)生參加表演的英語(yǔ)劇很成功。(intheplay)Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobsforwhichtheyarebein

3、gtrained.學(xué)校本身承認(rèn)，并不是所有的孩子都能在他們所接受的培訓(xùn)的職業(yè)成功。(betrainedforthejob)2 .介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Whoisthemanwithwhomourteacherisshakinghands?我們的老師與之握手的那個(gè)男士是誰(shuí)？(shakehandswithsb.)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.上個(gè)月，東南亞的部分地區(qū)發(fā)生洪水，人們還在遭受著洪水所帶來(lái)的影響。(sufferfromsth

4、.)3 .介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性的搭配Oursisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud.我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)美麗的國(guó)家，我們?yōu)橹械胶茏院馈?beproudof)ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress.同斯皮爾伯格結(jié)婚的女人是一位演員。(bemarriedto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖很美，杭州以西湖而聞名。(befamousfor)Thewomantowhomhewasengagedwasadoc

5、tor.他與之訂婚的那個(gè)女士是位醫(yī)生。(beengagedto)4 .有時(shí)關(guān)系代詞前用什么介詞，要根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)決定，此時(shí)不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配Iwasawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadranbackinthedirectionfromwhichshehadcome.看見(jiàn)一位婦女在黑暗中像我走來(lái)，我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及認(rèn)清她是誰(shuí)，她已經(jīng)從她來(lái)的方向跑回去了。(如果僅注意先行詞，

6、很容易受習(xí)慣心里的影響而使用inthisdirection的搭配，但考慮到語(yǔ)境后的come,則應(yīng)該使用from。)Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,afterwhichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.他在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧猩蠈W(xué)，之后他上了北京大學(xué)。(afterwhich的意思就是“在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧薪邮芡杲逃蟆?。IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.bywhichtimemanyhavegothome.在辦公室我好像總是沒(méi)時(shí)間，只有等到下午五點(diǎn)半，而那個(gè)時(shí)候大家都已經(jīng)回家了。(此句不

7、能受at5:30pm的通常表達(dá)的影響而選用介詞at,而應(yīng)該依據(jù)整個(gè)句子的語(yǔ)意來(lái)確定介詞。)5 .表示“所有格”或“整體與部分關(guān)系”時(shí)，用介詞ofThejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths, of whichthesailingtimewas226days.這次環(huán)球旅行老水手用了9個(gè)月，其中航行的時(shí)間是226天。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%ofwhicharesoldabroad.這個(gè)工廠每年生產(chǎn)50萬(wàn)雙鞋，其中的（指50萬(wàn)雙鞋）80%肖往海外。Iwasto

8、ldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsstudyingChineseintheschool,mostofwhomwerefromGermany.我被告知這個(gè)學(xué)校有大約50個(gè)外國(guó)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中文，其中大多數(shù)來(lái)自德國(guó)。Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearebusinessmen.我有很多朋友，其中有些是生意人。二.介詞不能提前的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前放在which（指事物不能用that）或者whom（f人不能用who）之前，也可放于原來(lái)的位置，但在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定短語(yǔ)中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞的關(guān)系比較緊密，一般不能

9、將介詞與動(dòng)詞拆開(kāi)而將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)istento/lookat/dependon/takecareof/lookinto/breakinto/getridof/lookforwardto等。Thisistheroomwhich/thatLuXunusedtolivein.（=ThisistheroominwhichLuXunusedtolive.）這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房間。Theman介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（二）例句：1) Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert,atwhiche

10、veryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?2) Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone'shouseisthefirststeptofame.3) Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.4) Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic,mostofwhichwasb

11、asedlooselyontheBeatles.5) However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.6) Theyproducedanewrecordin1996,withwhichtheycelebratedtheirformertimeasarealband.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是定語(yǔ)從句一種介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓

12、語(yǔ)時(shí)，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1 .“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which(指物)或whom(旨人)，即：介詞+which/whom。(1) Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.(2) Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.(3) Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanyca

13、rtoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2 .關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可用“介詞+which”來(lái)代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞+先行詞。其中when=l時(shí)間的介詞(如：in,at,on,during等)+which;Where=l地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in,at,on,under等)+which;Why表原因的介詞(如：for)+which(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞whenIstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(onthe

14、day=when)(2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why弓I導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用forwhich來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why注息：1 .含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：lo

15、okfor,lookafter,takecareof,payattentionto,lookforwardto等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.2 .“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞，表示先行詞的一部分或全部。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.二.介詞的選擇根

16、據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。Eg:Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。2 .根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與形容詞的搭配。ThestudenttowhomIwanttobegratefulisTom.3 .根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：Eg:1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.Cwasfounded.4 .根據(jù)從句

17、的意義來(lái)確定介詞。Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan'tplaycomputergames,brokedownyesterday.昨天我的電腦壞了，沒(méi)有它我不能玩電腦游戲。5 .whose可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”型。Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.三.填空練習(xí)1. Thisisthegunthehuntershottheant

18、elope.2. TheathleteshewillcompetecomefromGreeceandCzechRepublic.3. He'llneverforgetthedayhewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.4. ThemusicianswehavegreatinteresttouredEuropewithus.5. Thesungivesusheatandlight,whichwecan'tlive.6. I'llneverforgetthedaywhichshesaidgood-byetome.7. Whocangivemethereasonwhichhehasntturnedupyet?8. Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.9. Themanyoushookhandsjustno